28. ΠΩΣ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΗΚΕ Ο ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΥ ΠΑΡΑΠΛΟΥΣ

iii) ΠΑΡΑΡΤΗΜΑ

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28. ΠΩΣ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΗΚΕ Ο ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΥ ΠΑΡΑΠΛΟΥΣ

/ENGLISH/ 28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

του Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα

“… ΞΕΚΙΝΑΕΙ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΙΝΔΙΑ με τον Ravi Shankar, πάει στους Άραβες με τα ούτια τους, ακολουθεί μετά η Ανδαλουσία και το flamenco – και, άμα λάχει, ρίχνει και κανέναν Jimi Henrdix!”…

Ravi Shankar

Αυτή ήταν η απάντηση ενός στελέχους τού 9,58 fm, στην ερώτηση ενός νέου διευθυντή ραδιοφωνίας τής ΕΡΤ3 για το τι παίζω στον Μεσογείου παράπλου, αφού είχε εντυπωσιαστεί από τις επιδόσεις ακροαματικότητας της εκπομπής, έχοντας ἀνὰ χεῖρας τ’ αποτελέσματα σχετικής έρευνας: αν το στέλεχος αυτό είχε περιλάβει τους… Πέρσες, τον Bach και τον Beethoven, τη Λατινική Αμερική και την jazz, θα ήταν πιο κοντά σε μια εύστοχη συνοπτική περιγραφή!

Ο Μεσογείου παράπλους γεννήθηκε το 1998, όταν μου ανακοινώθηκε ότι στο εξής θα έχω καθημερινή εκπομπή (την προηγούμενη διετία είχα εβδομαδιαίες: Αναζητώντας τον Ὀρφέα, και Flamenco: το ρεμπέτικο της Ανδαλουσίας, όπου μετέφραζα το βιβλίο τού Donn Pohren, Η τέχνη τού flamenco, συγκρίνοντας τα δυο είδη). Προβληματίστηκα για το τι ακριβώς επρόκειτο να κάνω στη νέα καθημερινή εκπομπή, κι αποφάσισα να… κάνω την τρέλα μου, συνεχίζοντας κατά κάποιον τρόπο την στήλη μου στην εφημερίδα Θεσσαλονίκη, Μεσογείου παράπλους, παίζοντας αποκλειστικά μουσική απ’ το προσωπικό μου αρχείο.

Αποφάσισα, ἐν ὀλίγοις, να παρουσιάσω στο κοινό το υλικό που συγκέντρωνα χρόνια τώρα, όχι μόνον αγοράζοντας δίσκους (περιορισμένες οι δυνατότητες: τότε έκοβα από το φαγητό, για ν’ αποκτήσω μουσική τροφή), αλλά κι επίσης αντιγράφοντας από φίλους (σε όποιο σπίτι πήγαινα, έψαχνα τη δισκοθήκη, κι έπειτα δανειζόμουν κάποιους δίσκους). Μιλάμε, σημειωτέον, για την π.Δ. (προ Διαδικτύου) εποχή, όταν όχι μόνον δεν υπήρχε free downloading, αλλά και οι πληροφορίες γύρω από τη “μουσική τού κόσμου” ήταν πράγματι δυσεύρετες. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, κατάφερα να συγκεντρώσω ένα αξιοσέβαστο αρχείο.

Χώρισα το αρχείο σε δυο κατηγορίες (Ανατολή / Δύση), και αρίθμησα δίσκους και κασέτες (με ελληνικούς αριθμούς η Ανατολή, με αραβικούς η Δύση). Μετά επινόησα τρόπους να βγαίνουν τυχαία κάποιοι αριθμοί, για να εξαλείψω το υποκειμενικό στοιχείο στην επιλογή τής μουσικής: αυτοί οι… τυχεροί αριθμοί αντιστοιχούσαν σε κομμάτια και των δυο κατηγοριών (έτσι ώστε να υπάρχει ισορροπία ανάμεσά τους), ενώ τέλος τσέκαρα οτιδήποτε έπαιζα για να μην το ξαναπαίξω – εκτός και αν ήταν επιθυμία ακροατών. (Δεν νομίζω πως υπάρχει κανείς άλλος τρελός στον κόσμο που να κάνει εκπομπές με αυτόν τον τρόπο! Ούτε και, φυσικά, αν κάποιος άλλος ακολουθήσει την παραπάνω συνταγή, να μπορέσει να δημιουργήσει έναν νέο Μεσογείου παράπλου)…

Nina Simone και Σωτηρία Μπέλλου

Ο καθείς αντιλαμβάνεται πως, ἐν πολλοῖς, τα μουσικά κομμάτια που έβγαζε η “κληρωτίδα” κάθε άλλο παρά σχετικά ήταν μεταξύ τους. Τότε, λοιπόν, άρχιζε η διαδικασία “εκλογίκευσης”: έπρεπε να δημιουργηθούν δρομολόγια, γέφυρες, και να βρεθούν οι πληροφορίες για κάθε κομμάτι, έτσι ώστε να είναι το ταξίδι απρόβλεπτο, μα και ουσιαστικό, γοητευτικό και ψυχαγωγικό (απεχθανόμουν, βλέπετε, το “στυλάκι” να παίζω Nina Simone μετά από τη Σωτηρία Μπέλλου). Προσθέστε σε όλα αυτά την ψηφιοποίηση των κομματιών που δεν ήταν σε φόρμα CD. Πρέπει εδώ να ευχαριστήσω δημόσια – για τη συμβολή του στον τομέα αυτόν – τον Γιώργο Ανδρέου (που όταν άκουσε κάποιες εκπομπές μου, γύρισε και μου είπε: “Είσαι πολύ μπροστά…” – κι εγώ τον κοίταζα σαν χαζός, γιατί δεν καταλάβαινα τότε τι εννοούσε).⁽¹⁾

• ⁽¹⁾ Είναι εντυπωσιακό πως η δουλειά μου ως ραδιοφωνικός παραγωγός βελτίωσε την εργασία μου ως παραγωγός μουσικής! Η πείρα που αποκόμισα, δημιουργώντας γέφυρες ανάμεσα στις διάφορες κουλτούρες και τα είδη μουσικής στην εκπομπή, κεφαλαιοποιήθηκε κατά την τελική επεξεργασία τής μελοποίησής μου της ποίησης του Άρη Αλεξάνδρου (Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού): η δουλειά μου, διαρκείας 78 λεπτών, είναι ουσιαστικά ένα κομμάτι, άσχετα αν πρόκειται για ένα ταξίδι από τη Δύση στην Ανατολή, όπου εμπλέκονται πολλές τεχνοτροπίες. Με δυο λόγια, το ραδιόφωνο μ’ έκανε καλύτερο μουσικό! Είμαι πάλι υπόχρεος στον Γιώργο Ανδρέου, επειδή με βοήθησε στην χρήση τού προγράμματος Finale, κατά την τελική επεξεργασία τής μουσικής μου… Κι όταν άρχισε η περιπέτειά μου στην Πορτογαλία, σε συνεργασία με την Amélia Muge, είχα την άνεση να περιηγούμαι σε τρόπους και κουλτούρες, με Περίπλους στο Αρχιπέλαγος…

Όλη αυτή η προεργασία ήταν απαραίτητη για κάθε Μεσογείου παράπλου. Αν τυχόν αναρωτιέστε ποιες ήταν οι προσδοκίες μου, περίμενα – να σας πω την αλήθεια – να με σταματήσουν σε δυο-τρεις μήνες, λόγω… έλλειψης ακροατών! Εξάλλου, είχα “κοπεί” δυο φορές στον 102 fm (ΕΡΤ3). Φανταστείτε την έκπληξή μου όταν έμαθα πως η εκπομπή είχε “μεγάλο σουξέ”! Οφείλω να ευχαριστήσω όλους τους ακροατές για την πολύχρονη συμπαράστασή τους και τη μεγάλη χαρά που μου χάρισαν. Όπως, μάλιστα, διεπίστωσα από τηλεφωνήματά τους, ο Μεσογείου παράπλους είχε απήχηση σε όλες τις ηλικίες (από μαθητές ως και συνταξιούχους), ή σε όλα τα κοινωνικά και μορφωτικά στρώματα (από τους απλούς εργαζόμενους του δημοτικού ως τους διανοούμενους).⁽²⁾

• ⁽²⁾ Ό Μεσογείου παράπλους, σημειωτέον, είναι αφιερωμένος στον Ὅμηρο, τον Ἡρόδοτο, και τους ακροατές τής εκπομπής.

Ludwig van Beethoven

Έχω να θυμάμαι πάρα πολλά: καθηγητές πανεπιστημίου να χειροκροτούν την ικανότητά μου στην εκλαΐκευση, ή σπουδαστές μουσικολογίας να ζητούν την γνώμη μου για διάφορα μουσικολογικά θέματα· λάτρεις τής δυτικής κλασικής μουσικής να μ’ ευχαριστούν, επειδή τους είχα ανοίξει την πόρτα ενός άλλου, τεράστιου μουσικού σύμπαντος, αυτού της Ανατολής, ή και της γήινης, αδρής λαϊκής τέχνης· κάποιους που επισκέφθηκαν χώρες τής Ανατολής και είπαν σε όσους συνάντησαν εκεί: “Ξέρετε, στην Ελλάδα ακούμε μουσική τής πατρίδας σας στο ραδιόφωνο”· ακόμη και άλλους με σοβαρά ψυχικά προβλήματα, που βρήκαν κάποια λύση ακούγοντας Μεσογείου παράπλου… Όμως, αυτό που θα θυμάμαι πάντα είναι το τηλεφώνημα ενός απλού, λαϊκού ανθρώπου ο οποίος, έχοντάς μου πια μεγάλη εμπιστοσύνη, μου είπε:

“Ρε, φίλε, πολύ σε πάω! Για χάρη σου, γουστάρω ως και τον Beethoven!”…

• >> 29. Β Ι Β Λ Ι Ο – Δ Ι Σ Κ Ο – Γ Ρ Α Φ Ι Α
• << Χρονικό 27. ΤΟ ΒΑΤΕΡΛΩ ΕΝΟΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΟΥ

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28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

iii) APPENDIX

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28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ 28. ΠΩΣ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΗΚΕ Ο ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΥ ΠΑΡΑΠΛΟΥΣ

Michales Loukovikas

“… STARTING FROM INDIA with Ravi Shankar, he passes to the Arabs with their ouds, then to Andalusia and flamenco – and, why not?, to some Jimi Henrdix stuff, if he feels like it!”…

Pandit Ravi Shankar

That’s how a 9.58 fm executive responded, to the question of a new ERT3 radio manager, on what I played in the Mediterranean periplus, as he was impressed by the program’s ratings, having in hand the results of a related research: if this executive had included the… Persians, Bach and Beethoven, plus Latin America and jazz, he would have been closer to a succinct summary!

The Mediterranean periplus was born in 1998, when I was told that from then on my program would be daily (the previous years I had weekly shows: In Search of Orpheus, and Flamenco – Andalusia’s Rebetiko, when I translated Donn Pohren’s book, The Art of Flamenco, comparing the two genres). I was puzzled over what I would do in my new daily program, and decided to do something… extravagant, continuing in a way my Thessaloniki newspaper column, Mediterranean periplus, while playing music exclusively from my personal archive.

In short, I decided to present to the public the material I had been collecting for several years, not just buying discs (my resources were limited then: I would eat less to get “musical food”), but also copying from friends (in any house I visited, I would check the record collection, and then borrow some of them). I’m talking, nota bene, about the era B.I. (before Internet), when not only free downloading was non-existent, but also information about “world music” was, in fact, hard to find. In this way, I managed to gather a rather admirable archive.

I divided my archive into two categories (Orient / Occident), and numbered my discs and cassettes (Hellenic numbers for the Orient, Arabic for the Occident). I then figured out ways to get random numbers so as to eliminate the subjective element in music selection: these… lucky numbers corresponded to music from both categories (so that there was a balance between them); finally, I checked everything I played so as not to play it again – unless it was a listener’s request. (I don’t think there is any other “extravagant” person in the world who prepares shows in this way! Nor, of course, that if someone followed this recipe, he/she would be able to create a new Mediterranean periplus)…⁽¹⁾

• ⁽¹⁾ There was a girl who would come to the studio every evening to watch me while I was “on air” in an effort to “decipher” my way of making radio. I don’t know if she was an earnest fan of mine or a spy of the management – or if her intentions were more “down-to-earth”! In any case, after a month or so, she disappeared giving up her quest: I guess that she had probably decided I was undecipherable – or just… undesirable!

Nina Simone and Soteria Bellou

Anyone can understand that the pieces of music selected through this “lottery” were anything but corresponding to each other. That’s why a “rationalization” process followed to map out itineraries, build bridges, and find the information for each track, so that the journey would be unpredictable, and also meaningful, captivating and entertaining; you see, I loathed that “trendy style” to play a Nina Simone blues after a Soteria Bellou’s rebetiko! Add to this the digitization of all tracks that were not in CD format. As contributing in this field, I have to publicly thank Giorgos Andreou (who, after listening to some of my shows, turned to me and said, “You’re way ahead…” – with me looking dumbfounded, as I couldn’t understand then what he meant).⁽²⁾

• ⁽²⁾ It is impressive that my work as a radio producer has improved my work as a music producer! The experience I gained creating bridges between different cultures and genres of music in the radio program was used during the final revision of my work setting Ares Alexandrou’s poetry to music (The Gold in the Sky): this work, lasting 78 minutes, is essentially one piece, where each part leads to the next one – despite being a West-to-East voyage with many styles involved. In short, the radio made me a better musician! I am again indebted to Giorgos Andreou during this final revision phase of my work, as he helped me use the Finale program… When the time came later for my adventure in Portugal, in a partnership with Amélia Muge, I was equipped to employ all this knowledge in our own projects (Periplus and Archipelagos), sailing freely through modes, genres and cultures.

This spadework was necessary before any Mediterranean periplus. If you wonder what my anticipations were at the time, I expected – to tell you the truth – that the program would stop in two or three months, due to… lack of listeners! After all, the same thing had happened twice (102 fm radio, ERT3)… You can imagine my surprise when I learned that the program was a “smash hit”! I have to thank all the listeners for their longtime support and the great joy they have given me. As I realized from their phone calls, the Mediterranean periplus appealed to all ages (from high school students to retirees), to all social or educational backgrounds (from ordinary workers with basic education to intellectuals).⁽³⁾

• ⁽³⁾ Mediterranean periplus, nota bene, is dedicated to Homer, Herodotus, and the program’s listeners.

Ludwig van Beethoven

I have a lot to remember: university professors applauding my ability to simplify matters around music, or musicology students asking for my opinion on various musicological topics; Western classical music aficionados thanking me because I had opened the door for them to enter another immense musical universe, that of the Orient, or of the earthy, unsophisticated folk art; people who visited some Oriental countries telling those who met there: “You know, back at home we can listen to music from your country on the radio”; other people with psychological problems who found some solution listening to the Mediterranean periplus! But what I will never forget is the phone call of a simple, ordinary working man, who trusted me so much by then that he told me:

“Hey, buddy, I really go for you! For your sake, I even dig Beethoven!”…

• >> 29. BIBLIO – DISCO – GRAPHY
• << Chronicle 27. AN ARCHAEOLOGIST’S WATERLOO

Chronicle 10. THE… “SUN LANGUAGE”

Chronicle 10. THE… “SUN LANGUAGE”

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Χρονικο 10. Η… “ΓΛΩΣΣΑ-ΗΛΙΟΣ”

Calligraphic tree of life, Turkey (1897-98)

● Linguistics à la Turca ● İsmail Beşikçi and the Kurds ● Egyptian, Graeco-Byzantine, Arabo-Persian and Turkish Music ● Assimilation Through Religion and
Language ● Arabic Music Schools

Michales Loukovikas

“HITTITES, SUMERIANS, EGYPTIANS, ROMANS, Indians and Chinese: they all owe their existence to the Turkic race; their cultures and languages have been created by the Turks. Arabs and Jews are of Turkic origin; the prophet Muhammad was a Turk, as well. And all the languages of the world are derived from Turkish, the mother of all languages. The Kurdish language is non-existent; it is just a corrupt dialect of Turkish; the Kurds are nothing but Turkish highlanders”.

Psychotic megalomania? Absolutely! But also a… university thesis, or even more: an official state policy! This aphorism might very well be the starting point of a synopsis about the official Turkish ideology on the national question. Everyone in the Eurasian zone – except the Hellenes, the Persians, and… barbarians – owe almost everything to the Turks: their very existence, their language and culture, let alone their music!

“What about the Hellenes?”, some “Romioí” anxiously insist on asking, as they refuse to accept that they have either… never existed, or – most likely – are included among the “Romans” of the above citation quoted from the gold-bound kitabs of the sages.

“The question on the origin of the Yunanlılar [Ionians] has been clear since the time of Homer”, is the smug reply. “The great rhapsode was also a Turk called Omer. Besides, the Europeans have preserved his name almost intact: Homer”!

Well, I’m not referring to freaks of a sick mind. It is perhaps hard to believe but these ideas are championed by academics! The “Great Idea” (Megale Idea) has died out in Greece(?), but in Turkey it is alive and well, and (desires to be) the master of the world…

Anatolian languages

The Kurdish languages belong to the Iranian and Indo-Iranian branches of the Indo-European family. Therefore, they are related to the Persian (Farsi), Indian Sanskrit, Hellenic and most European languages. Even… worse (for the Turkish “linguists”), the ancient languages in the Anatolian area, still spoken or extinct, such as Hittite, have also been Indo-European.⁽¹⁾

Asia Minor/Anatolia: the multitude of peoples, languages and countries in antiquity.

• ⁽¹⁾ Most probably by the 1st century BCE, the native Anatolian languages went extinct, since the area was heavily Hellenized after the conquests of Alexander the Great. This makes Anatolian the first known branch of Indo-European to become extinct. The languages that are attested (written in cuneiform or hieroglyphs) are the following:

Hittite in central Anatolia; Carian; Lydian; Cappadocian; Pisidian; Sidetic in Pamphylia; Palaic in Paphlagonia; Isaurian on the Taurus Mountains; the Lycian branch, where Milyan is included; the Luwian branch, centered in Cilicia, but also extending northwest, where the Trojan language perhaps belonged; possibly Lycaonian; or the subsequent Pamphylian. Other Indo-European tongues in the peninsula were Phrygian and Mysian, probably belonging to the Paleo-Balkan languages, together with Thracian, Dacian, the Illyrian branch, and others, indicating that the Phrygians, and possibly the Mysians, went to Anatolia from the Balkans.

● Nationalism cries out: “one country, one people, one language!”, versus Reality, depicted in the above diverse mosaic of Anatolian countries, peoples, and languages.

Against this panspermia of ancient native Indo-European Anatolian languages and dialects, the Turkic languages (Turkish is just one of them) are relatively newcomers in Asia Minor, and belong to the Altaic family, together with the Mongolic tongues. Some linguists group the Altaic and Uralic (or Finno-Ugric) languages together (in the Ural-Altaic family). No such hypothesis connecting the Altaic and Indo-European languages has been put forward. It doesn’t matter much to Ankara’s “scientists”. So, they teach linguistics this way… à la turca:

Subject: The Sun Language Theory

“As is well known, the word soleil means sun in French. In the Turkic dialect of Yakut [Sakha] we can find the corresponding word silai. As the ‘s’ of the Yakut dialect turns to ‘g’ in the other Turkic dialects,⁽²⁾ it is self-evident [!] that the word comes from a Turkic root meaning light. Nevertheless, the Turks prefer the more common Turkish word günes. But the proof of the Turkic origin of the word soleil has been a revelation of a great linguistic and scientific truth, from which most important conclusions are derived”…

Signed (unashamedly): İ. N. Dilmen, professor.

The theory that Anatolia might be the cradle of the Indo-European languages was distorted into a pseudo-theory they had a Turkic/Turkish origin though: a) the popular hypothesis postulates their root in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and expansion by early 3rd millennium BCE; b) the earliest evidence of Turkic tongues as a separate group comes almost four millennia later in an early 8th century CE inscription found in Mongolia; c) the first reference to “Turks” appears in Chinese sources of the 6th century CE; d) Asia Minor was invaded by the Seljuks in the 11th century, ultimately resulting in permanent Turkic settlement in the peninsula.
● Above: a Hattian pair of long-horned bulls (copper,
c. 2300-2000 BCE)

• ⁽²⁾ This text makes clear that, according to Dilmen (and “linguists” à la turca), there are no Turkic languages; they are all Turkish dialects. He defined Yakut (or Sakha) as a dialect, although it is considered a language. Nationalist stranglehold on social sciences is very well known (Dilmen is a “very good” example). That’s why there are no universally accepted criteria for distinguishing a language from a dialect. The most common and most purely linguistic criterion is that of mutual intelligibility. It seems logical but it’s deceptive and far from scientific:

• Once I was in Granada with two Italianas searching for a good place to listen to flamenco. I still remember my amazement when I heard the girls asking passers-by for information: they spoke Italian, the others answered in Spanish, and there was no problem of mutual intelligibility! What does that mean? That Italian and Spanish are dialects? If so, of what language?

• On the other hand, one day, while eating in the University Dining Hall, there were two Cypriots sitting at the same table opposite me and speaking their village vernacular. I understood zero, nil, nothing at all! Not even the topic of discussion! What does that mean? That Helladic Greek and Cypriot are not Hellenic dialects but separate languages?

İsmail Beşikçi and
the Kurdish Question

Since I don’t like to be branded as “nationalist”, I invoke a Turkish scientist in the true sense of the word, the sociologist İsmail Beşikçi, a man who’s spent most of his life in Turkish state prisons not because he has committed any crime, but because he’s had the courage to publicize his documented views. Beşikçi has been persecuted/prosecuted, just because he initially criticized (and polemicized later on) the Turkish ruling ideology as it was set forth in such “scientific” theses – and even more because he has studied in depth and wrote extensively about a taboo subject: the Kurdish question.⁽³⁾

Kurdish musicians (1890)

• ⁽³⁾ The on-going war between Turks and Kurds dates back to the “Turkish War of Independence”, which established a Turkish nationalist state that has repressed the human rights of Kurdish people. The Kurds felt betrayed because they had taken part in almost every “dirty job” of the Turks from the late 19th century to the 1910s, mainly in the first ethnic cleansings of the 20th century, as they thought that they “cleared” the place for themselves. The perpetrators of the Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian Genocides (1.5 million + 900.000 + 400.000 = almost 3 million dead) were Turks, Kurds, Arabs and Caucasian Muslims: in fact, it was the genocide of heterodox people by the Islamists. But the Turks were primarily nationalists; so, they also turned against the Kurds, who finally rebelled. Major historical events, before the PKK revolt, include the Koçgiri, Sheikh Said, Ararat, and Dersim rebellions (1920, 1925, 1930, and 1938).

• Note that Beşikçi was born a Turk, not a Kurd. So he deserves our admiration even more.

The citations quoted above (except that reference to Homer) are from Beşikçi’s Historical Thesis on Turkey / The Sun Language Theory and the Kurdish Question, which cost him three years in prison, since he was “reckless” enough not to deny the existence of a nation… The first thing he took into account was the nature of the positions adopted by Turkish “scientists”, under the “guidance” of Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), in 1930. Based on official documents, speeches and “scientific” theses, Beşikçi analyzed the formulation and development of the ideology of Kemalism, exposing its unscientific, racist and chauvinistic nature. In one of his numerous apologies (i.e. speeches in defense of himself), he attacked the official “Justice” of the Kemalist regime:

İsmail Beşikçi

“As a repressive state mechanism, this court threatens writers and intellectuals with imprisonment, favours police measures and secret trials, condemns scientific thought, prefers the secret services’ reports against truth and sociological findings, imposes verdicts without – at least – taking into account the defense of the accused and, using loopholes, accepts colonial oppression and tyranny, denying the reality of the existence of the Kurdish nation, something that is an objective fact above the will of people and institutions.

“This court essentially acts as an administrative and political body with a seemingly ‘independent function’ and ‘independent judgment’. It functions like the gendarmerie, police, national security service and other similar services, attempting to impose the hegemony of the official ideology through its verdicts. Rejecting an objective truth, your court is lying, considering the conclusions drawn by systematic societal research, the reliable knowledge, and the rights we advocate, as incriminating evidence.

“This court acts like the gendarmerie, police, national security
and other services, attempting to impose the hegemony
of the official ideology through its verdicts.” (İsmail Beşikçi)

Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)

“In its verdicts regarding my books, your court states that ‘the sacred memory of Atatürk is stained’. What does that mean? It means that the Kurdish masses – men, women and children – will be continuously sent to exile, to the gallows, will be slaughtered, that laws and decrees will be shamelessly adopted on this logic – but anyone who criticizes such phenomena will be tried on the grounds of ‘libeling the sacred memory of Atatürk’. How can one consider genocide, exiles, the complete assimilation enforced in Kurdistan by the Kemalist regime as ‘sacred memory’? The division and partition of Kurdistan, the implementation of the tactics ‘divide and rule’ against the Kurdish nation, may be ‘sacred memory’ only for the imperialists and colonialists.

“The Turkish universities, on the other hand, as slaves of the official ideology, reject in principio scientific thought obscuring and denying the reality of the Kurdish nation. They consider the official ideology, which is based on fraud and indifference towards objectivity, as the only irresistible and definite reality. Thus they present this official ideology as scientific and legal. It is at this point that the ‘independent’ court and ‘independent’ judgment intervene, trying under threat of punishment to prevent any criticism of the university professors who, through political charlatanism, demand material and social privileges”…

This trial took place in 1979, just one year before the so-called “democracy” was overthrown in a coup of the army, the mighty pillar supporting at that time the regime. More trials and convictions preceded and followed for Beşikçi. Even if he could live two or three lives, he would not have time enough to serve the 200 plus years in prison imposed on him in total. Released in 1999, he was sent back to court in 2010 – that is, even after the collapse of Kemalism – for “propaganda” because of an article entitled The Rights of Nations to Self-Determination and the Kurds, which cost him 15 extra months in jail.

In January 1981, he sent a Letter to UNESCO from his prison, stigmatizing the decision of the Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of the United Nations to declare that year as The Atatürk Year.⁽⁴⁾ A new conviction followed. Undeterred, he continued sending letters from the dungeons to international organizations that, of course, ended up in the hands of Turkish judges, who imposed new sentences. A letter to the Journalist Union of Switzerland e.g. cost him 10 years!

• ⁽⁴⁾ Note that: a) Kemal is the only person to receive such recognition by the UN “Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization”; b) education, science and culture have suffered much from his policies; c) the recipients of this recognition were, in fact, his heirs governing Turkey at the time: the military putschists; it was as if they were rewarded by UNSESCO for their… coup d’état in the previous year!

But even in his trials (where we lose count, indeed) with his apologies (several of these speeches were put together in his testimony, Defense), he persevered with remarkable courage and selflessness in order to defend the rights of the Kurdish people, relying on the public sense of justice; a sense that has ceased to govern the decisions or actions even of the “competent” international organizations.

We imagine spontaneously that we have before us İsmail B, personifying Josef K, Kafka’s main character in The Trial. But our association is rather incongruous: Beşikçi has not been a surreal figure of absurdist fiction but an indomitable hero of free thought and scientific knowledge, a symbol of our time – exactly because people like him are so rare today. However, he had the misfortune to be born in Turkey. Therefore, he will never be awarded a Nobel Prize!⁽⁵⁾

• ⁽⁵⁾ He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 but… what can one expect from a Nobel Committee that has awarded the prize to persons such as Henry Kissinger (1973), Menachem Begin (1978), Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres (1994), Barack Obama (2009), and the neo-liberal European Union (2012) – but has not honoured Mahatma Gandhi?

Âşık Veysel

I’m certainly not to blame for politicizing the issue of linguistics à la turca, as it is an issue profoundly political. Lay, if you will, the blame on Alain Gheerbrant who “cast the first stone” by paralleling Mustafa Kemal to Âşık Veysel (see Chronicle 9). No doubt, there are even worse cases. One thing is to credit “exclusively” the Turks with Anatolian music; another thing is to do the same with the music of Constantinople; especially if we bear in mind that the Ottomans described this music as Arabo-Persian; it was called Turkish, or even Ottoman, only after the Republic was established, with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire…

● There are cases of “friendly fire” on this issue, which is, nevertheless, anything but crucial. It’s just a matter of orderliness and correct terminology. See e.g. the starting point of Stéphane Yerasimos, the Greek-born director of the French Institute of Anatolian Studies, when he presented an album with old “Ottoman music” featuring, among others, compositions by Dimitrie Cantemir, who was anything but Ottoman:⁽⁶⁾

Cantemir on a Romanian stamp

• ⁽⁶⁾ Cantemir was a great intellectual (philosopher, musicologist, composer, linguist, ethnographer, geographer, historian), and prince of Moldavia where he learned Greek and Latin and acquired a profound knowledge of the classics. He lived in forced exile for 23 years in Constantinople, where he studied at the Patriarchate’s Greek Academy, wrote about music and also composed. How is it possible to classify his music as “Ottoman” when the composer also fought against the Ottomans as an ally of Peter the Great in the Russo-Ottoman War of 1710–11?

“This project of performing Ottoman music on original instruments”, Yerasimos wrote in the booklet, “arose from a simple question: why not apply the method that has been already successfully followed in Europe for several decades, and try to re-discover the spirit and the performing style of the Ottoman music of the great period – the 17th and 18th centuries?”

Constantinople / from Byzantium to Istanbul, by Stéphane Yerasimos

● The Empire that substituted the once powerful Byzantine Empire after its downfall was Ottoman, indeed, as it was controlled by this tribe. But is this sufficient reason to classify also the music of post-Byzantine Constantinople under the same heading? My objection is due to the explicitly ethnic import of the term Ottoman as it means Turkish. On the contrary, the term Byzantine is supranational, referring in general to “the eastern part of the Late Roman Empire that, after the fall of Rome, continued as its successor until 1453.” In both these empires, the Byzantine and Ottoman, culture was a collective work of all ethnicities living within their boundaries. Ethnic identities can be found only in cultures that have been cultivated by peoples distinguished for the originality of their contributions to human civilization. If e.g. there has been no Phoenician civilization, given that the Phoenicians were heavily influenced by the Egyptians, Mesopotamians and Hellenes, in the same way there’s been no Ottoman civilization either. Let alone that, compared to the Ottomans, the contribution of the Phoenicians, especially in the spread of the alphabet, has been far more important.

Christianism and Islam: Differences in Assimilation

QUITE DIFFERENT APPROACH ADOPTED ALAIN DANIÉLOU, Gheerbrant’s compatriot and namesake. As an adviser to UNESCO’s International Music Council, he supervised several outstanding recordings of world music, such as Unesco Collection: A Musical Anthology of the Orient; Musical Atlas; Musical Sources; and Anthology of Indian Classical Music / A Tribute to Alain Daniélou. As a producer of the Cairo recordings, Taqâsîm and Layâlî, on instrumental or vocal modal improvisations, he formulated a thought-provoking synopsis that begins as follows:

Alain Daniélou playing sitar (1987)

“The melodic system peculiar to the Arabic-speaking peoples of the countries bordering on the Eastern and Southern shores of the Mediterranean is the result of a long evolution. It derives from the adaptation by the Arab conquerors of the ancient Greek, Persian, and Egyptian systems, which gradually developed into a unified and highly original art.

“‘Until the 13th century the theorists refer to Greek theories, but subsequently there arose a distinctly independent theory and an art, cultivated at the court of the Caliphs, which became increasingly refined and elaborate. Until the end of the 19th century, this art continued to develop under the influence of fresh Persian and Byzantine elements, which had become more prominent owing to the Turkish domination’ (d’Erlanger).”

“The melodic system of the Arabic-speaking peoples of the Mediterranean derives from the adaptation of the ancient Greek, Persian, and Egyptian systems”… “Until the end of the 19th century, this art continued to develop under the influence of fresh Persian and Byzantine elements.”
(Alain Daniélou, Rodolphe d’Erlanger)

The conclusions we can draw are quite astonishing, indeed: until the eve of their empire’s downfall, the Ottomans – at least in the domain of music – were still under the influence of the empire they had abolished half a millennium before! It was natural that the Arabic-speaking peoples, then vassals of the Ottomans in the region, were equally influenced. In this way, the Byzantine echoe echoed and resonated throughout the Mediterranean: the Christians, mainly in the western part of mare nostrum, were influenced through Byzantine ecclesiastical chant, at least until the 11th century when, due to the Schism, Gregorian chant became obligatory for the Catholics; the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire in the Orient were also influenced – not by ecclesiastical chant, of course, but by the erstwhile Byzantine secular music.

Lady With Tambourine, oil painting, Qajar period, Iran

Persian influences may be considered natural, because the Iranians had already realized their self-determination, having their own independent state. But what can anybody say about Byzantine music, especially secular, which – supposedly – ceased to exist as soon as the state that gave birth to it was erased from the map? How could it possibly influence the Mediterranean on the eve of the 20th century, and even impregnate it with “fresh” musical elements?

Trying to resume what Alain Daniélou and Rodolphe d’Erlanger have said, and the thoughts they have induced, we can imagine a historical model as follows: the Arabs (those coming from the Arabian Peninsula) were cultivated adopting the ancient Hellenic, Persian, and Egyptian cultures. They knew, therefore, very well that their empire would not last long if they were not able to assimilate the civilized Mediterranean peoples they had conquered. It was an indispensable prerequisite to safeguard their caliphate and stay in charge.

The Arabs knew their empire would not last long if they did not assimilate the ancient peoples they had conquered. This could only happen through religion (Islam) and language (Arabic), breaking the ties of these peoples with their glorious past. All they needed was a combination of incentives and coercion.

Under the circumstances, this could only happen through religion, first of all, and secondarily (but equally important), language. It was absolutely necessary for the Arabs to break the ties of these ancient peoples with their glorious past, making them convert to Islam and (even better) adopt Arabic. Hence they could exert undisputed control over their vast empire. A combination of incentives and coercion was all they needed. It was a rather moderate tactic compared with the one endorsed by the Christians to convert the Hellenes, unleashing an outright violent campaign, a long, widespread genocide (see Chronicles 23-24, The Genocide of the Hellenes and The Triumph of Cretinism).

When the Ottomans took over the Caliphate, they also adopted Arabic culture that had sprung out like an amalgam from these ancient civilizations. Note that this synthesis started bearing fruit only in the 13th century, after Constantinople fell for the first time to the Crusaders and Venetians in 1204. No similar cultural renaissance took place during the Ottoman period. That’s why there were still “fresh Persian and Byzantine elements” into the Court music and art until the last days of the Ottoman Empire. What exactly was the Ottoman contribution? It was not so much musical but mainly political – through this wide, unified area – allowing these “elements” to have a great impact on every corner of the empire.

Arabic Music Schools – Turkish Music

Salah el Mahdi

ACCORDING TO THE TUNISIAN PROFESSOR Salah el Mahdi, who spoke at the International musicological symposium at Delphi on Rhythms, Modes and Scales of Mediterranean Music in 1988,⁽⁷⁾ the Near East was influenced by the “old Turco-Byzantine music, extending to the Balkans and Caucasus”:

• ⁽⁷⁾ The European Cultural Centre of Delphi’s English text concerning this International Meeting renders the Greek musical term τρόπος (mode) as… manner. Unfortunately, no one there noticed it to correct it…

“Arabic culture is an integral and significant part of Mediterranean culture”, he said. “The modes of Arabic music are classified into four major schools:

“a) The Maghreb School; it is represented by the Arabo-Andalusian musical heritage introduced into this area by the Arabo-Andalusian refugees in the 14th and 15th centuries. This music survives today across North Africa, along with the old music of the Libyan people of this region.^(h)

• ^(h) Ancient Libya: The name referred to a) the region west of the Nile Valley, corresponding more or less to the modern Maghreb (North Africa except Egypt); b) the country immediately west of Egypt; or c) to the whole of Africa that was still more or less a terra incognita. Herodotus wrote that the Phoenicians carried out the first periplus of “Libya” (Africa) on behalf of the Egyptians. Talking about the Libyan people, Mahdi most probably referred to the Berbers and the rest of the Maghrebis.

“b) The Near East School; it is represented by the musical heritage of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine and, of course, Egypt. In part, this school has influenced Libya and Tunisia, which thus participate in two schools, as they are found in between. The Near East School has been influenced by the old Turco-Byzantine music, extending to the Balkans and Caucasus.

“c) The Arabo-Persian School; it is represented by the Abbasid musical heritage that was created in their great capital, Baghdad. It’s been the musical act in Iraq, Iran and all the [former] Soviet Republics of Central Asia as far as China.

“d) The Arabian Peninsula School; it includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, all the Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman, and has had a twofold influence: from India and Africa.”

Now that we are sufficiently informed, and also have the necessary standard of comparison, we may have some fun enjoying Bernard Mauguin’s sophistries:

“Born in the shadow of Islam, Turkish classical music has been confused early in its history with art music of Persia and the Arab peoples. This common origin has been the cause of a persistent misunderstanding and, in general, little distinction is made between these various musical forms, which are usually grouped together under the vague heading of ‘Oriental music’…

“However, just as a knowledgeable listener can easily distinguish a work of Bach from a work of Berlioz, he could never confuse the playing of a Turkish musician with that of an Arab or an Iranian musician. Classical Turkish music has its own distinct personality”…

Johann Sebastian Bach

Wow! We are talking about such colossal differences: those between Bach and Berlioz! Who would have the guts to disagree? But these are differences of eras, between two composers (one baroque, the other romantic) who created in the same tradition of Occidental “classical” music during the so-called common practice period (baroque, classical, romantic). Racial differences (i.e. German vs. French) were rather insignificant. The same applies to the distinction among Turkish, Arab and Iranian musicians: their main difference, especially before the creation of national states, was also a difference of eras. If Mauguin compared Bach not with Berlioz but with Brahms, he would have noticed that they too are “easily distinguishable”. However, such a comparison between two composers of common origin (both Bach and Brahms were Germans) would have deprived him of any pretext for his chicaneries.

Bach vs. Berlioz: not German vs. French music but
baroque vs. romanticism (plus genius vs. average…)

No doubt that if instead of Western theorists we had their Oriental colleagues, things might have been even worse, since everyone would have “trumpeted one’s own merchandise”. Salah in Delphi e.g. spoke of Turco-Byzantine music because he was not a Turk; that’s why he gave no due emphasis to the role of Persian music theorists, something that the Iranian Hormoz Farhat did; but he in turn “forgot” the contribution of Byzantine musicians, which Simon Karás put forward at the forefront – and so on…

What the Orient needs is an era of Renaissance and Enlightenment – sine qua non – something that the Occident intentionally obstructs for its own interests. These interests, I’m afraid, are served, consciously or not, by those Western theoreticians who can’t see the forest for the trees (or, if you like, focus on the finger and can’t see it’s pointing to the moon), i.e. focusing on the secondary (the local differences in music), and minimizing the primary (its common features). The classic recipe: divide et impera! Or rather: διαίρει καὶ βασίλευε, as the one who first adopted this tactic was probably Philip of Macedon…

• >> Chronicle 11. “MUSIC IS THRACIAN AND ASIAN”
• << Chronicle 9. THE CELEBRATED TRÍCHORDON

Next Chronicle 11. “MUSIC IS THRACIAN AND ASIAN” ● “Barbarian” Contribution to Hellenic Instrument Making and Playing ● Antiquarianism-Ancestor Worship ● Multi-String Instruments and Psalteries ● Diapason, Harmony, Polyphony ● Music, Poetry, Nation ● Folk and Erudite Music ● Hydraulis ● Crusades ● Strabo on Music

“PERIPLUS”: an interview to a Hellenic newspaper

“PERIPLUS”: an interview to a Hellenic newspaper

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ “ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ”: συνέντευξη στην εφημερίδα “Η ΑΥΓΗ”

“THE DAWN” (SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 2013)

LETTERS & ARTS / MUSIC

Interview: THANOS MANDJANAS

“The Dawn”: a daily of the Coalition of the Radical Left (SyRizA)

 

“THE CULTURAL BRIDGES ARE NOT THE END BUT THE MEANS…”

 

Thanos Mandjanas: Do you perceive music as an inner need for soulful expression, a precious hobby perhaps, or an additional (professional) occupation?

Michales Loukovikas: Dealing with music is or should be an inner need for soulful expression for everyone, even for amateur hobbyists. For me, moreover, it is a professional vocation one should serve faithfully and consistently. That’s why I have also become a journalist…

Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas

TM: Do you consider the music of “Periplus” to be world/ethnic, just Mediterranean popular music, or you give it some other name? Do you really believe there are also some elements of new age – albeit with the wider meaning of the term – or not?

ML: I was never interested in these terms. Besides, they were coined by merchants. In “The Gold in the Sky”, based on Ares Alexandrou’s poetry, released bilingual also in Portugal, I attempted a West-to-East voyage. “Periplus” is a voyage, as well: Voyaging music…

TM: Concerning the CD, you wrote that you tried to create “bridges” among countries, peoples and cultures. Does it mean, therefore, that this work has a scope that goes beyond pure music? Could it also be that this intercultural parameter reduced even partially the musical nature of the project?

ML: When artists coming from different cultures decide to work together, if they do not use some international “dialect”, of western origin as a rule, they are obliged to create “channels” of communication. These “bridges” are not the end but the means. Our aim is to create a work of art.

TM: Are you satisfied with the sales of the CD so far, both abroad and in Hellas? What is the commercial potential of this and any other similar Greek project in the globalized disc market?

ML: Commercialism that deifies the mainstream killing creativity? Is “Periplus” incomprehensible, indeed? The problem, therefore, lies in the mass media of promotion… Fortunately, there are alternative markets and distribution networks. In Portugal we are doing well! We are now getting ready for Brazil! In Hellas? We are working on it…

Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings

TM: This disc was produced while the economic and general crisis afflicting our country since 2010 had begun. Has this conjuncture, its circumstances and consequences, affected in any way the creative process and, if so, in what way?
Would the release of this material be possible without the support of exclusively Portuguese institutions? By the way, what can you say about the cultural policy of the official Hellenic state in the era of Memoranda and especially in the field of funding such projects?

ML: “Periplus” would be unthinkable without the support of the Society of Portuguese Authors (SPA) and the European Capital of Culture of Guimarães. Portugal observed some procedures (but not anymore); unlike what’s been happening here where we even rejoice singing that “the Hellenes make circuits and the groups of friends history”… It’s the natural consequence of the absence of cultural (or any other) policy. We are promoting the culture of Hellas abroad and, instead of “thanks”, she is trying to turn us into some kind of modern “(Josef) K.”s waiting outside “The Castle” to be received by some hot-shot executive…

TM: What are your plans concerning “Periplus” and beyond?

ML: “Periplus” was chosen as one of the best albums of the year in most Portuguese media and was nominated for the SPA prize as the best disc of 2012. I was lucky enough to work with a great artist and human being: Amélia Muge. So, no difficulty is insurmountable. The voyage goes on…

●

Ο “Περίπλους” στο Festival Músicas do Mundo τού Sines

TM: What was the most important element that attracted you to Michales Loukovikas’ work and made you work with him?

Amélia Muge: The music Michales Loukovikas makes is of the future. He combines the Occident with the Orient, the traditional with the erudite, time and space, in a unique way; and with an irreprehensible choice of poetry he sets to music, like that e.g. by Ares Alexandrou.

TM: Do you think that this project goes beyond the reach of a disc and acquires a wider cultural scope? Would you say it belongs to the music of both Portugal and Hellas, or is it something else, different, born with the union of these two cultures or even more?

AM: “Periplus” has been a process of creation and initiation. We are dealing with musics and cultures older than our countries; or sailing to other seas, as with the morna of Cape Verde. The horizon of this work surpasses the horizon of both our civilizations.

TM: Finally, is the sea the most important element that links the civilizations and cultures of Greece and Portugal or is there something else which is more important?

AM: More important is the way we navigate in the “sea of mind” and the “ocean of sounds”, with the compass pointing to “Ithaca”, combining imagination and knowledge, creation and vision, focused on our artistic work – but always in touch with reality.

●

>> Critical remarks on “PERIPLUS” in the Press

“ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ”: συνέντευξη στην εφημερίδα “Η ΑΥΓΗ”

“ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ”: συνέντευξη στην εφημερίδα “Η ΑΥΓΗ”

/ENGLISH/ “PERIPLUS”: an interview to a Hellenic newspaper

“Η ΑΥΓΗ” (ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟ 20 ΑΠΡΙΛΙΟΥ 2013)

ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ & ΤΕΧΝΕΣ / ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ

Συνέντευξη-επιμέλεια: ΘΑΝΟΣ ΜΑΝΤΖΑΝΑΣ
 

“ΟΙ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΙΚΕΣ ΓΕΦΥΡΕΣ ΔΕΝ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΣΤΟΧΟΣ, ΑΛΛΑ ΜΕΣΟΝ…”

 

Θάνος Μαντζάνας: Η μουσική είναι για εσένα μια εσωτερική ανάγκη/κατάθεση ψυχής, ένα πολύτιμο ίσως χόμπι, ή μια δεύτερη (επαγγελματική) ασχολία;

Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας: Η ενασχόληση με τη μουσική (πρέπει να) είναι εσωτερική ανάγκη/κατάθεση ψυχής για όλους, ακόμη και για τους ερασιτέχνες χομπίστες. Για μένα, επιπλέον, είναι ένα επάγγελμα-λειτούργημα που οφείλεις να το υπηρετείς πιστά και με συνέπεια. Να γιατί έγινα και δημοσιογράφος…

Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas

ΘΜ: Θεωρείς την μουσική τού “Περίπλους” world/ethnic, απλά μεσογειακή λαϊκή μουσική, ή της δίνεις κάποιο άλλο όνομα; Πιστεύεις αλήθεια ότι εμπεριέχει και μερικά στοιχεία new age – έστω και με την ευρύτερη έννοια του όρου – ή όχι;

ΜΛ: Αυτές οι οριοθετήσεις ποτέ δεν με ενδιέφεραν. Άλλωστε, έμποροι τις επινόησαν. Με “Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού”, σε ποίηση Άρη Αλεξάνδρου, που κυκλοφόρησε δίγλωσσο και στην Πορτογαλία, επιχείρησα ένα ταξίδι από τη Δύση στην Ανατολή. Και ο “Περίπλους” ταξίδι είναι: “Voyaging music”…

ΘΜ: Στα κείμενα του CD αναφέρεις ότι προσπάθεια σας ήταν να δημιουργήσετε “γέφυρες” μεταξύ χωρών, λαών και πολιτισμών. Είναι λοιπόν ένα έργο που έχει περισσότερες και μεγαλύτερες διαστάσεις από την καθαρά μουσική; Και υπάρχει μήπως περίπτωση αυτή η διαπολιτισμική παράμετρος να υποσκέλισε έστω και μερικά την μουσική φύση τού εγχειρήματος;

ΜΛ: Όταν δυο ή περισσότεροι καλλιτέχνες από διαφορετικές κουλτούρες αποφασίζουν να συνεργαστούν, αν δεν χρησιμοποιήσουν κάποια διεθνή “διάλεκτο”, κατά κανόνα δυτικότροπη, οφείλουν να δημιουργήσουν “διαύλους” επικοινωνίας. Οι “γέφυρες” δεν είναι στόχος αλλά μέσον. Σκοπός είναι η δημιουργία καλλιτεχνικού έργου.

ΘΜ: Είσαι ικανοποιημένος από τις μέχρι τώρα πωλήσεις του CD, τόσο στο εξωτερικό όσο και στην Ελλάδα; Ποιες είναι οι εμπορικές δυνατότητες αυτής αλλά και όποιας άλλης ανάλογης ελληνικής δουλειάς στην παγκοσμιοποιημένη δισκογραφική αγορά;

ΜΛ: Εμπορικότητα που αποθεώνει το mainstream σκοτώνοντας τη δημιουργικότητα; Μήπως ο “Περίπλους” είναι δυσνόητος; Το πρόβλημα, συνεπώς, εντοπίζεται στα μαζικά μέσα προβολής… Ευτυχώς, υπάρχουν εναλλακτικές αγορές και δίκτυα  προώθησης. Στην Πορτογαλία πάμε καλά! Τώρα ετοιμαζόμαστε για Βραζιλία! Στην Ελλάδα; Το παλεύουμε…

Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings

ΘΜ: Ο δίσκος αυτός υλοποιήθηκε ενώ είχε ήδη ξεκινήσει η οικονομική και όχι μόνο κρίση που ταλανίζει την χώρα μας από το ’10. Αυτή η συγκυρία, οι συνθήκες και οι συνέπειες της, επηρέασαν καθόλου τη δημιουργική διαδικασία του και, αν ναι, με ποιον τρόπο;
Θα ήταν δυνατή η κυκλοφορία αυτού του υλικού δίχως τις επιχορηγήσεις που δεχθήκατε και μάλιστα αποκλειστικά από πορτογαλικούς φορείς; Και με την ευκαιρία, τί έχεις να πεις για την πολιτισμική πολιτική του επίσημου ελληνικού κράτους στην εποχή των Μνημονίων και ειδικά για το σκέλος των σχετικών χρηματοδοτήσεων;

ΜΛ: Ο “Περίπλους” θα ήταν αδιανόητος δίχως τις επιχορηγήσεις από την Ένωση Πορτογάλων Δημιουργών (SPA) και την Ευρωπαϊκή Πολιτιστική Πρωτεύουσα του Γκιμαράες. Στην Πορτογαλία τηρούνταν κάποιες διαδικασίες (τώρα πλέον κόπηκαν). Δεν ήταν όπως εδώ όπου τραγουδάμε κιόλας ότι “φτιάχνουν οι Έλληνες κυκλώματα κι ιστορία οι παρέες”… Συνέπεια της διαχρονικής ανυπαρξίας πολιτιστικής (ή όποιας άλλης) πολιτικής. Εμείς προωθούμε τον πολιτισμό τής Ελλάδας στο εξωτερικό και αυτή, αντί για “ευχαριστώ”, μας μετατρέπει σε νέους “(Ιωσήφ) Κ.” να περιμένουμε έξω από τον “Πύργο” να μας δεχθεί κάποιος μεγαλοσχήμονας…

ΘΜ: Και τα επόμενα σχέδια σου, αναφορικά με το “Περίπλους” και όχι μόνο;

ΜΛ: Ο “Περίπλους” αναδείχθηκε σε ένα από τα καλύτερα album τής χρονιάς στην Πορτογαλία και προτάθηκε για βράβευση (βραβείο SPA στον καλύτερο δίσκο τού 2012). Είχα τη μεγάλη τύχη να συνεργαστώ με έναν σπουδαίο καλλιτέχνη και άνθρωπο: την Αμέλια Μουζ! Έτσι, καμιά δυσκολία δεν είναι ανυπέρβλητη. Το ταξίδι συνεχίζεται…

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Ο “Περίπλους” στο Festival Músicas do Mundo τού Sines

ΘΜ: Ποιο ήταν το κυριότερο στοιχείο που σε έλκυσε στην δουλειά τού Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα και σε έκανε να συνεργαστείς μαζί του;

Amélia Muge: Ο Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας φτιάχνει μουσική τού μέλλοντος. Συνδυάζει με μοναδικό τρόπο τη Δύση με την Ανατολή, το παραδοσιακό με το έντεχνο, τον χώρο και τον χρόνο. Και με άψογο τρόπο επιλέγει την ποίηση που μελοποιεί, όπως π.χ. του Άρη Αλεξάνδρου.

ΘΜ: Πιστεύεις ότι το έργο αυτό υπερβαίνει τις διαστάσεις ενός δίσκου και έχει ευρύτερες πολιτισμικές; Θα έλεγες ότι ανήκει τόσο στην πορτογαλική όσο και στην ελληνική μουσική ή είναι κάτι άλλο, διαφορετικό που προκύπτει από τη συνένωση αυτών των δύο και όχι μόνο;

AM: Ο “Περίπλους” είναι μια διαδικασία δημιουργίας και μύησης. Ασχολούμαστε με μουσικές και κουλτούρες αρχαιότερες των χωρών μας. Ή πλέουμε σε άλλες θάλασσες, όπως με τη morna τού Πράσινου Ακρωτηρίου. Ο ορίζοντας αυτού του έργου υπερβαίνει τον ορίζοντα των δυο πολιτισμών μας.

ΘΜ: Είναι τελικά η θάλασσα το κυριότερο στοιχείο που συνδέει τους πολιτισμούς και τις κουλτούρες Ελλάδας και Πορτογαλίας ή υπάρχει και κάτι άλλο και σημαντικότερο;

AM: Σημαντικότερος είναι ο τρόπος πλοήγησης στη “θάλασσα του νου” και τον “ωκεανό των ήχων”, με την πυξίδα να δείχνει την “Ιθάκη”, συνδυάζοντας φαντασία και γνώση, δημιουργία και όραμα, προσηλωμένοι στο καλλιτεχνικό μας έργο – αλλά πάντα σε επαφή με την πραγματικότητα.

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>> Σχόλια για τον “ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥ” στον πορτογαλικό Τύπο

MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS – bio

MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS – bio

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΜΙΧΑΛΗΣ ΛΟΥΚΟΒΙΚΑΣ – βιογραφικό

MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS, born in a Thracian musical family, was taught music by his father, with whom he made his first professional steps at 15, as a musician (accordion, guitar) and singer, taking an interest in various genres: varied world music, rock, music based on poetry, songwriting, theatre and film music, rebetiko, especially the school of Smyrna, and modal music.

Studying in Thessaloniki, he directed student musical ensembles, and later participated in rebetiko and popular musical groups. He was a member of the Eurydice company, writing and producing plays for various genres (theatre, puppetry, shadow plays), where he also composed or selected musical themes. Besides, he contributed to the soundtrack of the film Stories of a Honeycomb (1981), by Nikos Vergitsis, as a composer (theme music), singer and musician.

He graduated in English Language and Literature from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and worked as a teacher and translator of English, publisher (Research publishers), and journalist (Macedonia, Thessaloniki, and Angeliophoros newspapers, Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) radio stations), specializing on the international arena, and culture (news, analyses, chronicles, music, art, education, and editorials). He wrote texts on music for special publications, and collaborated on radio educational programs (texts, selection of music, presentation).

Wishing to delve into the differences between the Oriental and Occidental music, he focused on the modal tradition, folk or classical. Turning points in his research were his acquaintance with Ross Daly in 1987, and his participation in the International Musicological Symposium at Delphi on Mediterranean music in 1988.

A series of articles on cultural exchange in the Mediterranean, entitled Mediterranean Paraplus (a term similar to Periplus, Thessaloniki newspaper), evolved into a successful radio program lasting for more than twelve years (1998-2010, 9.58 fm, ERT3). It followed programs such as Flamenco: the Rebetiko of Andalusia, where he adapted Donn Pohren’s The Art of Flamenco, indicating the similarities between the two genres. In addition, he took part, together with other musical producers of the radio station, in the album Radio… com+positions (2002).

He worked as a musician with the composer and musical producer Paris Paraschópoulos for the theatrical play Alexandria–Athens (2003), on the Parallel Lives of the poets Constantine Cavafy and Kostís Palamás, produced by the art company Aktis Aeliou, Thessaloniki. He also teamed up with the writer, researcher and songwriter Thomás Korovinis in concerts.

 

 

 

 

A result of his research in modal music was The Gold in the Sky (2008), a West-to-East musical voyage based on Ares Alexandrou’s poetry, featuring 35 distinguished musicians (such as Manos Achalinotópoulos, Giorgos Andreou, Ross Daly, Kyriakos Gouventas, Andreas Karakotas, Harris Lambrakis, Kostas Theodorou, and Eleni Tsaligopoulou). He presented the Gold (voice, piano, accordion) in the Small Theatre, Thessaloniki, in company with K. Theodorou (double bass, guitar, percussion).

His meeting with Amélia Muge in the “Internet sea” led to a productive partnership, initially with his English adaptation of her songs in Uma Autora, 202 Canções (2009), and then with her Portuguese version of The Gold in the Sky poems, in the bilingual book-disc O Ouro do Céu / Ares Alexandrou por Michales Loukovikas (2011), presented in the bookstores Buchholtz, Lisbon. Amélia and Michales appeared for the first time together in the same hall, playing in company with the pianist Filipe Raposo in 1910.

Adapting ancient and traditional songs, as well as composing originals on line, Amélia and Michales carried out their Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas (Luso-Hellenic Wanderings in the international edition, 2012), with the poetess Hélia Correia, the singer E. Tsaligopoulou, and the vocal ensemble Outra Voz, as special guests. Periplus was presented in Guimarães (Centro Cultural Vila Flor), Lisbon (Culturgest), Sines (Festival Músicas do Mundo), Thessaloniki (Demetria Festival, Womex), Athens (Ianos bookstores), and Rio de Janeiro (Festival Tão Longe, Tão Perto, on music and poetry, at the University of Brazil, in four concerts, two of them together with the ensemble Música Surda.

Michales participated in Amélia’s work on Amália Rodrigues’ verses, Amélia com versos de Amália (2014), as artistic co-director, composer, arranger, and with Amália’s verses adapted into an English version. He also took part as a guest in Amélia’s concerts in Alte (Algarve), Auditório Carlos Paredes (Benfica, Lisbon), and City of Traditions (INATEL, Lisbon).

Amélia and Michales’ latest project, ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages (2017), was premiered at the Sãο Luiz Theatre, Lisbon, in November 2017, with excellent reviews in the press. In Greece, it was presented at Ianos, Athens, in May 2018, with equal reception. Special guests in this venture were the poetess H. Correia again, the composer G. Andreou, the singers Teresa Campos, A. Karakotas, Catarina Moura and Rita Maria, the women’s traditional vocal ensemble Cramol of the Workers’ Library in Oeiras, and the Plucked Strings Orchestra Thanasis Tsipinakis of the Municipality of Patras.

The voyage goes on…

● With Friedrich Hölderlin’s Archipelago (i.e. the Aegean) as a starting point, and deeply moved with Euripides’ tragedy Orestes (408 BCE), we voyage to Syria to listen to an ancient hymn (1400 BCE) as a lullaby of… awakening, or as a lament on the Sorceress Sea and the refugees’ drama. Crossing the Mediterranean and the Pillars of Heracles, we sail around Macaronesia (Macárōn nẽsoe, or Elysium: the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde) in search of Cesária Évora.

We sail back to Greece, with Sappho singing about love (Eros) and loneliness, or to Portugal, with Fernando Pessoa’s weariness of being. From a harbour’s tavern, where João de Deus, Giorgos Mitsakis and Vasilis Tsitsanis sing of voyages with no return, we fly to imaginary islands: Utopia, Ithaca of Penelope, and Neverland, where lost kids dance a… Thracian traditional dance!

Hélia Correia “takes us down to earth” in times of indigence, without gods or Argonauts, polis or agora, with Pan dead on the Aegean islands, in the ruin of Hellas, or in Alexandria engulfed in flames, in the antipode of Pericles’ democracy, to the accompaniment of Ludwig van Beethoven’s Marcia funebre.

In the songs of nostalgia, Tsitsanis meets Rosalía de Castro, José Niza, Armando Soares, and Violeta Parra, as Greece, Galicia, Portugal, Cape Verde, and Chile are joined together. Joys and dances of nostos follow, with José Saramago and Giorgos Andreou. Another meeting, on the sea waves, is that between the medieval minstrel Martín Codax and the rebetiko composer Panagiotis Tountas, concluding the voyage in a feast with a peculiar Greco-Portuguese and Afro-Andalusian bulería: o come, all ye faithful (to art) – you are all welcome!

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Some concerts and festivals

• February 2012: Centro Cultural Vila Flor (Guimarães, Portugal).
• February 2012: Culturgest (Lisbon, Portugal).
• July 2012: Festival Músicas do Mundo (Sines, Portugal).
• October 2012: Womex (Thessalonica, Hellas).
• October 2012: Ianos (Athens, PERiPLUS).
• May 2013: Festival Tão Longe, Tão Perto (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
• October 2013: Demetria Festival (Thessaloniki, Hellas).
• November 2017: Teatro Sãο Luiz (Lisbon, ARCHiPELAGOS).
• May 2018: Ianos (Athens, ARCHiPELAGOS).

Periplus in Guimarães with: Manos Achalinotopoulos (folk clarinet, voice), Kyriakos Gouventas (5-string violin, mandolin), Harris Lambrakis (ney, blockflute), Ricardo Parreira (guitarra portuguesa), António Quintino (double bass), Filipe Raposo (piano), José Salgueiro (percussion), and the choir Outra Voz participating en masse.

Periplus distinctions

• The Society of Portuguese Authors (SPA) selected the disc among the three best albums of 2012.
• The jury of the Sopa da Pedra blogspot elected it as the best album of the year.
• The Expresso newspaper as the 2nd best disc.
• Crónicas da Terra of Terra Pura radio as the 2nd best folk album in Europe.
• Mundofonias of RTVE selected it among the best discs of 2012 in the world.
• Periplus was also nominated for the British fRoots charter with the ten best albums of the year.

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Discography

Lullaby’s Intro from The Gold in the Sky

• 2002: Radio… com+positions, 9.58 fm music producers
• 2003: Alexandria – Athens, Paris Paraschopoulos, Actis Aeliou theatrical company
• 2008: The Gold in the Sky, Michales Loukovikas, Ares Alexandrou
• 2009: Uma Autora, 202 Canções, Amélia Muge
• 2011: O Ouro do Céu / Ares Alexandrou por Michales Loukovikas
• 2012: Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas, Amélia Muge, Michales Loukovikas
• 2012: Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (international edition)
• 2014: Amélia com Versos de Amália, Amélia Muge, Amália Rodrigues
• 2017: ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, Amélia Muge, Michales Loukovikas

Periplus at Sines Músicas do Mundo with: Catarina Anacleto (cello), Manuel Maio (violin, mandolin), Nikos Paraoulakis (ney, blockflute), António Quintino (double bass), José Salgueiro (percussion), Miguel Tapadas (piano).

>> AMÉLIA MUGE – bio

PERIPLUS / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings

Periplus is an international work of music, the result of exchange and collaboration between Amelia Muge (Portugal) and Michales Loukovikas (Greece), with tradition and poetry, musicians and special guests from both countries.

There are ten sequences, ten voyages in the Mediterranean Sea, port to port, each with two or more themes interacting, travelling in space and time, embracing folk and original songs, individual or created in common, brought forth while sailing in the Internet Sea.

PERIPLUS / deambulações luso-gregas was issued in Portugal as a disc-book in February 2012.

We embarked on our next voyage from Greece with the release of the international edition including an abbreviated booklet in English: PERIPLUS / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings.

This Periplus is for us Periplus-1. More voyages will follow…

So, please, visit this blog, as well as our site PERIPLUS – you are always welcome! –