Macaronesia

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ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/07/25

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Agora, Alexandria, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Andreas Karakotas, Antígona, Antístrofe, António José Martins, António Quintino, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Argonautas, Armando Soares, Arquipélago, Atenas, Ítaca, Balcãs, Bouzouki, Bulería, Campos Elísios, Cantiga de amigo, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cesária Évora, Christos Megas, Corifeu, Coro, Cramol, Cristiana Serejo, Democracia, Diatónico e cromático, Dimitris Mystakidis, Eros, Escala diatônica, Esmirna, Estásimo, Estrabão, Estrofe, Euripides, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Flamenco, Flauta doce, Friedrich Hölderlin, Gênero cromático, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Heavy metal, Helena, Hesíodo, Hesperides, Hino Hurrita, Homero, Hurritas, Ilhas AfortunadasIlhas Afortunadas, Ilhas Egeias, J. M. Barrie, Jasão, Jónia, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Katolophyromai, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Luís de Camões, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lusofonia, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Manos Hadjidakis, Mar Egeu, Marcia funebre, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Medeia, Meninos Perdidos, Michales Loukovikas, Mikis Theodorakis, Modulação, Ney, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Odisseia, Odisseu, Orestes, Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Partenon, Pã, Pedro Casaes, Penelope, Pericles, Peter Pan, Pilares de Hércules, Pink Floyd, Polis, Povos do Mar, Prémio Camões, Queima de livros, Rebético, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Safo, Salonica, Segue-me à Capela, Sines, Sininho, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Sofia Vitória, Sopa de Pedra, Sotto voce, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Terra do Nunca, Thanassis Tsipinakis, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Trácia, Transilvânia, Ugarit, Ulisses, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Violeta Parra, Zonaradiko. Leave a comment

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Δίαυλοι (Χρονικό)
/ENGLISH/ ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

Sobre as ilhas do Egeu | – vem cá fora e vê! –
os anjos batem as asas | espalhando rosas…

Michales Loukovikas

I. REVISITANDO O ARQUIPÉLAGO
1. O arquipélago
(a. Está a Jónia em flor? / b. Onde está Atenas?)
2. Κατολοφύρομαι (Katolophýromae: É tão profunda a dor)

Hélia Correia está nos nossos corações; e no coração deste Archipelagos. A nossa sequência mais longa é quase toda baseada no seu extenso poema A Terceira Miséria, que começa com uma citação de Friedrich Hölderlin do seu poema Pão e Vinho: Para que servem os poetas em tempos de indigência? Seguindo os passos de Hélia, o nosso ponto de partida foi O arquipélago, também deste poeta. Durante uma viagem ao norte de Portugal, onde vivia sua mãe, Maria José, já com 96 anos, Amélia Muge convenceu-a a recitar com ela alguns excertos deste poema. José Martins lá estava para as gravar. Começámos bem… Agora que penso nisso, sinto que foi uma pena que a filha de Amélia, Cristiana, não tivesse participado também: teríamos três gerações a recitar em conjunto!

O arquipélago, como nos lembrou Hölderlin, era originalmente o Mar Egeu e as suas ilhas. Como introdução, acho que não podíamos encontrar melhor melodia para evocar a música do Egeu do que a desta bela canção tradicional, em versão instrumental, mas cuja primeira estância se pode ler acima. Faltava o “toque” português: ao lado do violino de Kyriakos Gouventas, convocámos a guitarra portuguesa de Ricardo Parreira. Excelente combinação!

Depois havia que resolver o problema do mar. Inicialmente, adicionei sons do mar (ondas, gaivotas, etc.), mas Amélia reagiu: Demasiado realista, disse. Então teve uma ideia fantástica: E se fossem vozes em vez de ondas? Eu e José respondemos em coro: Vamos a isso! Esse coral das ondas, concebido pelo José e cantado em coro por Maria Monda (Sofia, Susana, Tânia), Cramol e Teresa Campos, fez-me sentir que não são apenas ondas do mar, mas também esses anjos voando sobre o Egeu espalhando rosas…

Eurípides

Este foi o primeiro, brilhante, florido excerto do poema (Está a Jónia em flor?). Para o segundo, escuro e sombrio (Onde está Atenas?), fiz novo arranjo de uma antiga composição minha (no Ouro do Céu, para poesia de Ares Alexandrou), que abre caminho a Eurípides e à sua tragédia, Orestes. O stasimon Katolophýromae, introduzido por Harris Lambrakis no ney e flauta de bisel, é cantado em grego antigo por um coro composto por Amélia, Andreas Karakotas, Manos Achalinotópoulos, e eu próprio no papel de corifeu. (Escrevemos sobre Eurípides e Orestes na nossa Arquipédia, uma das secções do eBook que acompanha o CD, onde se pode encontrar muita informação complementar sobre o ARCHiPELAGOS. Muito desta informação é também apresentada aqui no nosso blog, se seguirem os links que estão nos títulos de cada sequência).

1. Friedrich Hölderlin (Der Archipelagus, 1800-1801, excertos, adaptação para português: Amélia Muge) | a. Tradicional do Egeu / b. Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins
2. Eurípides (Orestes, 408 AEC, fragmentos: estrofe e antístrofe) | Adaptação-Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

II. CANTOS DA ARGILA
3. Embalar meninos, acordar adultos
11. Μάγισσα Θάλασσα (Νέοι Λαοί τής Θάλασσας) | Mar feiticeiro (Novos Povos do Mar)

Hino hurrita a Nikkal, Ugarit (séc. XIII AEC)

Num navio do tempo /espaço, viajámos um milénio para trás, de Atenas do séc. V AEC. até Ugarit, Síria, c. 1400, para ouvir um Hino hurrita. Na verdade, depois de Eurípides, não fiquei assim tão fascinado quando o ouvi; mas Amélia quedou-se espantada, pela semelhança com um outro hino, anti-fascista, Acordai!, de José Gomes Ferreira e Fernando Lopes-Graça, escrito por volta de 1946, uma década antes da publicação do hino hurrita. O meu coração oriental, por outro lado, foi sendo tocado por algumas versões do hino no género cromático. O problema era que as mesmas o afastavam de Acordai. Por isso, fizémos duas variações: uma, diatónica, próxima de Acordai (Canção de embalar meninos e acordar adultos), e outra, como lamento diatónico-cromático sobre a tragédia dos refugiados (Mar feiticeiro).

Cabeça de mulher chorando com lenço (1937, possivelmente um estudo para Guernica),
de Pablo Picasso

Foi para mim um choque tremendo ver, na orla de uma praia, a foto do corpo de uma criança que se afogou quando a família tentava passar da Turquia para a Grécia. Os meus versos começam com uma frase que ouvi a outro refugiado, em Marrocos, que não conseguiu atravessar o Estreito de Gibraltar para a Espanha: Quando miro o mar, os meus olhos ficam cheios d’água… Que tocante é a interpretação do meu amigo Andreas Karakotas, tele-dirigido por mim: eu em Lisboa, ele em Salónica! Ana Dias, na harpa, criou o pano de fundo apropriado tanto aqui como no tema Utopia (Ilhas Imaginárias).

3. Amélia Muge / José Gomes Ferreira (Acordai!, excerto) | Anónimo (Hino hurrita antigo, fragmento) / Fernando Lopes-Graça (Acordai!, excerto) | Adaptação: A. Muge. Αrranjo: A. J. Martins
11. Michales Loukovikas | Anónimo (Hino hurrita antigo, fragmento) | Adaptação-Αrranjo: M. Loukovikas

III. MACARONÉSIA (Macárōn Nẽsoe: Ilhas Afortunadas)
4. Ali no meio do mar
5. Dança do trigo
6. Um gingado lamento

Cesária Évora

A Macaronésia é composta por quatro arquipélagos no Atlântico norte: Açores e Madeira (Portugal), Canárias (Espanha) e Cabo Verde. O nome deriva do termo grego Μακάρων Νῆσοι (Macárōn Nẽsoe, Ilhas Afortunadas ou Ilhas dos bem aventurados), usado pelos geógrafos para as ilhas Elísias, ilhas a oeste dos Pilares de Hércules (Estreito de Gibraltar), um paraíso terrestre sem inverno. De acordo com Hesíodo, eram os Campos Elísios, habitados por heróis. Estrabão identificou-as com as ilhas das Hespérides.

Gingado Lamento, de Amélia, dedicado a Cesária Évora, tem este toque mágico. Encantou-me, desde a primeira vez que o ouvi. Assim, como o finale da saga da Macaronésia, que é ainda melhor! Nesta sequência são solistas Amélia e Rita Maria (que canta a Dança do Trigo em castelhano) sendo os coros feitos por Maria Monda e por mim.

4. Amélia Muge / Tradicional (Canárias, Açores) | Arranjo: A. J . Martins, A. Muge
5. Amélia Muge / Tradicional (Canárias) | Arranjo: A. J. Martins, A. Muge
6. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins

IV. PENAS DE AMOR O QUE SÃO?
7. A tentação
8. Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα / Lua desceu, mergulhou
(a. A lua mergulhou / b. Sentidos divididos / c. Eros)

Safo de Ereso, cópia romana de
um original grego (séc. V AEC)

A Tentação, é, a meu ver, uma das melhores composições de Amélia, feita para este poema de Hélia. Disse-lhe muitas vezes ser uma pena não estar num dos seus álbuns. Pronto, aqui está ela! E em boa companhia: a de Safo.

Graças a Amélia, que teve a ideia de a incluir, pesquisei bastante, lendo a poesia Sáfica; para compor, acabei por combinar três fragmentos:(*) A Lua baixou, Sentidos divididos, e Eros. Além do mais convenci Amélia que conseguiria cantar em helénico antigo – experiência que descreveu depois como… um salto sobre o abismo! Neste “salto” é acompanhada por Rita Maria, Catarina Anacleto e Maria Monda.

(*) Embora a sua poesia fosse bem conhecida e grandemente admirada na antiguidade, quase toda chegou até nós em fragmentos, principalmente por a Igreja cristã desaprovar a sua moral e as autoridades eclesiásticas adorarem queimar as suas antologias…

7. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo
8. Safo (em grego antigo e português – adaptação: Amélia Muge) | Michales Loukovikas | Adaptação-Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

V. CANSAÇO DE SER
9. Sono de ser
10. The Hours (As horas)

Fernando Pessoa

Esta sequência é dedicada a Fernando Pessoa. Começa com Sono de ser, outro dos meus temas favoritos, que já tinha sido editado, com outro ambiente musical, no seu CD A Monte. Aqui, o canto de Amélia cria um daqueles raros momentos. É excelentemente acompanhada por Filipe Raposo.

The Hours, um dos Poemas Ingleses de Pessoa, destaca-se também. Compus o tema para Sofia Vitória (CD Echoes, dedicado aos poemas ingleses de Pessoa). Como acabou por não entrar no seu trabalho pude, felizmente, tê-lo aqui com o meu arranjo… heavy metal, reforçado pelo vibrafone de Kostas Hanís e o contrabaixo de António Quintino! Amélia e eu sincronizámos as nossas vozes e o coro (Maria Monda) sintonizou-se connosco.

O modo como compus esta canção foi, para Amélia, fascinante. Durante um dos meus passeios de fim da tarde pela vizinhança, com o The Hours sem me sair da cabeça, lembrei-me do Time dos Pink Floyd com os relógios a tocar logo que a música começa. Decidi então ter um clique de relógios marcando os segundos, os minutos, As horas… Fui acelerando o passo, murmurando as palavras de Fernando e, de repente, a linha do baixo apareceu! Continuei a repetir esta linha até chegar a casa, pois não tinha nada aonde apontar e iria esquecer. Ao chegar, Fernando também me ofertou a linha melódica básica! Trabalhei furiosamente durante… Horas; Só parei quando até o arranjo ficou pronto. Mandei-o imediatamente, felicíssimo, para Amélia…

9. Fernando Pessoa | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo
10. Fernando Pessoa | Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

VI. NA TAVERNA DO PORTO
12. Versos quaisquer (Pedidos com instância)
13. Ο Νικόλας ο ψαράς (Nicolas, o Pescador)

É a sequência do… fadobetiko (termo cunhado por Amélia). O seu tema, à la fado corrido, é baseado num poema satírico de João de Deus, um dos maiores poetas portugueses do séc. XIX. A introdução, feita por Kyriakos Gouventas, tem um sabor a norte dos Balcãs, em acordo com a referência poética à Transilvânia.

Giorgos Mitsakis (E) and Vasilis Tsitsanis (D)

O trágico Nicolas, o pescador, combina dois dos maiores compositores de rebético: Vasilis Tsitsanis, um dos fundadores do rebético moderno (abrindo o caminho a grandes compositores como Manos Hadjidakis e Mikis Theodorakis); e Giorgos Mitsakis, um hábil compositor e letrista, apelidado de o mestre como tocador de bouzouki.

Muito emocionado (desfiz-me em lágrimas ao cantá-la no estúdio; Amélia e o engenheiro de som, Christos Megas, pensavam que eu me estava a rir…), descrevo a trágica figura de uma mãe vestida de negro que durante meses, de pé, em frente ao mar, aguardava a chegada da pesca de seu filho, Nicolas, sem que ninguém tivesse coragem de dizer-lhe que se tinha afogado… Esta canção também comoveu os portugueses. Falaram-me de outras mulheres vestidas de negro que ainda permanecem de pé, à beira-mar, fixando o longe de olhos vazios…

12. João de Deus | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. J. Martins
13. Giorgos Mitsakis | Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS
14. Uma ilha, Utopia
15. Penélope de Ítaca
16. Meninos perdidos

Ulisses entre os Feácios, de Jean Broc. Odisseu mostra seu areté físico ao vencer o concurso de arremesso de disco depois de ser desafiado por um atleta Feácio. Muito antes de Platão, Homero
é o primeiro a descrever a Utopia, ou até a Atlântida, que ele chama Esquéria, a terra dos Feácios.

O nosso fascínio pelos lugares míticos e imaginários. Fico contente que acabe musicalmente na Trácia, onde nasci, com esta dança lendária, zonarádikos, onde se destacam Amélia e Maria Monda (vozes), Manos Achalinotópoulos (clarino/clarinete folk) e Harris Lambrakis (ney). Viajamos antes disso pela Utopia de Thomas More (onde Amélia evoca a Caixa vazia de Ares Alexandrou) e ainda por Ítaca de Penélope e Ulisses, para, finalmente, encalharmos na Terra do Nunca, de J. M. Barrie, encontrando não Peter Pan ou Sininho, mas uns muito especiais Meninos Perdidos.

VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA
17. Sem Deuses
18. Nós
19. Feitiço / Experimentos
20. As ilhas do Egeu
21. A ruína da Grécia
22. Falamos de sombras (Democracia)
23. Um início

Esta sequência tem por base excertos dos poemas de Hélia: Indignação (Nós e Feitiço) e A Terceira Miséria (restantes excertos). N’A Terceira Miséria, poema dedicado à Grécia,(*) começa por citar, como já foi dito no início, Hölderlin: Para quê, para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência? O poeta alemão é referido várias outras vezes, especialmente quando ela fala de Atenas. Senti-me lisonjeado quando vi o Partenon na capa do livro. Ficou Amélia sem palavras, quando leu o poema. Por tudo isto, esta é a nossa sequência principal.

(*) Como expliquei ao falar de Periplus, nosso trabalho anterior, Hélia é uma entusiástica helenista e filelena, reinterpretando os mitos helénicos e dando destaque a heroínas como Antígona, Helena, e Medeia. Tanto no seu poema maior, A Terceira Miséria, como também na Indignação, ela refere-se aos Argonautas de Jasão, à antiga Ágora das poleis helénicas, à Odisseia de Homero, às Ilhas do Egeu e Ruína da Grécia, aos deuses antigos, Pã e Alexandria, a Péricles e à democracia. Quando foi galardoada com o Prémio Camões (2015), a mais prestigiada distinção do mundo Lusófono, dedicou-o à Grécia, de onde vem a poesia, sem a qual não seríamos nada, nem teríamos nada, como disse na cerimónia de entrega do prémio, exclamando no final: Viva a Grécia! Por tudo isto, é uma tristeza que ninguém tenha publicado A Terceira Miséria na Grécia. Enfim, é a quarta miséria da parte da Grécia moderna…

Friedrich Hölderlin, o poeta fileleno, por Johanna Ebertz (1979)

A citação de Hölderlin em Sem Deuses é repetida em Ilhas do Egeu, numa paisagem sonora completamente diferente. Aqui, depois de muitas experiências, usei como modelo a introdução a Eco, composição de Manos Achalinotópoulos, desenvolvendo-a mais no sentido uma improvisação livre. Como Manos está na nossa equipa, foi possível trabalhar com ele esta ideia, que também teve improvisos de Harris Lambrakis, Amélia e Kyriakos Gouventas. Que prazer, ter aqui Hélia recitando a sua própria poesia!

Nós e A Ruína da Grécia são duas canções gêmeas; os poemas da Hélia são aqui gémeos também! Lembro-me de ouvir dentro de mim a melodia da Ruína desde a primeira vez que li Nós, os ateus, nós, os monoteístas… Depois, mudando o compasso de cinco para seis tempos, rearranjei-a para os versos de Nós.

Para ser sincero, não conhecia quase nada sobre Hölderlin. Tentando saber mais, leio na ficha de informação básica da Wikipedia: “Nascimento – 20 de Março…” (Oh, pensei, no mesmo dia que eu!); “… 1770” (Ena! No mesmo ano de Ludwig!!) Imediatamente a seguir tive uma ideia completamente louca: Bem, e depois? Terceira miséria… Terceira sinfonia! Deixa-me ver… Na verdade, não tinha grandes expectativas. Comecei a entoar a Miséria com a melodia da Marcia funebre de Beethoven no Segundo movimento da Eroica. Principiei com a 25ª parte do poema, “Sim, falamos de sombras”… que me pareceu mais adequada. Fiquei espantado! Mas havia mais melodia. Então, agora vamos voltar atrás e tentar a 23ª parte, “A terceira miséria é esta”… Impressionante! Um pouco mais e terminamos a primeira parte da Marcia, pensei. Esse pouco mais foi encontrado na 32ª parte da Miséria: “Estão as praças como ágoras de outrora”… E o mais fantástico de tudo isto: a melodia de Ludwig acabava com a frase de Hélia: “fervilhante palavra própria da democracia” – Inacreditável!!! UM MILAGRE!..

Procurei a partitura de Beethoven. Tinha adaptado de memória a mesma melodia no meu trabalho O Ouro do Céu; mas desta vez queria ser rigoroso. Meticulosamente rearranjei a partitura, atribuindo as linhas melódicas a outros instrumentos, sem deixar nada de fora (espero). O confronto final veio quando apresentei a minha loucura à Amélia. Como não falo português, só então percebi que várias palavras ou frases estavam fora do lugar, não muito bem adaptadas à música. A ajuda dela neste aspecto foi crucial. Depois, foi a minha vez de a convencer de que não queria aqui uma voz operática – talvez até nem Ludwig a quisesse, ou então, porque teria ele acrescentado Sotto voce sob o título? Queria ter a voz dela habitual. Feito! E estou muito orgulhoso do resultado – mesmo que alguns puristas se possam vir a queixar…

Posso dizer aqui o que disse anteriormente a propósito de Eurípides: Se Ludwig nos pudesse ouvir, espero sinceramente que tivesse sorrido e aplaudido aprovadoramente, apesar das pedradas dos puristas! Participaram também, para lá de Maria Monda, Rui Vaz, José Manuel David e Pedro Casaes no coro, Filipe Raposo ao piano, bem como o meu amigo Kosmás Papadópoulos no clarinete.

O que é que alguém poderia compor depois de tal música? Acho que a Amélia nem sequer pensou nisso – e fez ela muito bem; apresentou uma melodia tão primorosa para Um início, que a coloco ao lado de Ludwig! Considero esta sua composição como a melhor do nosso Archipelagos.

17. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. Muge, A. J. Martins, M. Loukovikas
18. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
19. Hélia Correia / A. Muge | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. J. Martins, F. Raposo
20. Hélia Correia | Manos Achalinotópoulos, Amélia Muge | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
Improvisos: H. Lambrakis, M. Achalanitópoulos, A. Muge, K. Gouventas
21. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
22. Hélia Correia | Ludwig van Beethoven (Terceira Sinfonia, Eroica, 1804, Segundo movimento, primeira parte: Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce) | Adaptação-Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
23. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. J. Martins, F. Raposo

IX. JÁ SE DÃO AS VOLTAS TODAS
24. Νοσταλγία: Το παράπονο του μετανάστη | Nostalgia: A queixa do emigrante
25. Nostalgia: Cantar de emigração
(a. Sodade / b. Run-Run se fue pa’l norte / c. Cantar de emigração / d. A queixa do emigrante)
26. Alegria

Rosalía de Castro (E) and Violeta Parra (D)

É a nossa sequência sobre migrações e regressos a casa (nostalgia e nostos). Abraçando várias ideias da Amélia, combinei um rebético de Vasilis Tsitsanis (também conhecido pelo título de Como um banido, à deriva), com Cantar de emigração de Rosalía de Castro e José Niza, Run-Run se fue pa´l norte de Violeta Parra e Sodade de Armando Soares. Amélia tinha-me escutado, tempos atrás, a cantar o referido rebético e enviou-me uma adaptação que me lembrou o fado, também aqui incluída como instrumental. Além disso, estou muito feliz por ter connosco representantes dos quatro coros femininos que Amélia convidou para o projeto De Viva Voz (emocionei-me tanto neste concerto!): Cramol, Maria Monda, Catarina Moura (Segue-me à Capela) e Teresa Campos (Sopa de Pedra). Ainda Rita, Rui, David, e Pedro, Paló e Mariana Abrunheiro, Amélia e eu próprio – começando esta aventura Como um banido, à deriva…

José Saramago, por Carlos Botelho

A sequência termina com outra adaptação de Amélia, onde combina a Alegria de José Saramago com uma excelente melodia do nosso amigo Giorgos Andreou, que aqui também dirige a Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas de Patras.

24. Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
25. a. Armando Soares (adaptação: M. Loukovikas) / b. Violeta Parra / c. Rosalía de Castro (adaptação para português: J. Niza) | José Niza / d. Vasilis Tsitsanis (adaptação: A. Muge) | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. Muge
26. José Saramago | Giorgos Andreou | Adaptação: A. Muge, A.J. Martins. Arranjo: G. Andreou

X. O QUE AS ONDAS CONTAM
27. Κύματα μύρια τού πελάγου / Ondas do mar de Vigo
28. Contas do mar (Bulería de Sines)

Exuberância, de Penny Warden

A nossa última sequência começa com outra adaptação de Amélia, combinando uma Cantiga de amigo de Martín Codax, com um rebético de Esmirna de Panaiotis Tountas e que cantamos aqui nas duas línguas. Como na altura estava a trabalhar nas canções de Tountas, Retratos de Mulheres do Rebético, “pintados” com a sua excelente Arte de Modulação, costumava enviar cópias do meu trabalho para a Amélia; no dia dos meus anos, agradeceu-me desta forma, com esta excelente adaptação em forma de presente de aniversário.

O finale é uma peculiar Bulería que compus em Sines, em 2012, quando lá fomos preparar o nosso concerto de apresentação de Periplus, no Festival Músicas do Mundo. Nesse concerto, tocámos esta bulería na sua forma inicial. Daí para a frente mudámos a canção tradicional portuguesa interposta; a que temos agora é mais adaptada à bulería, com um certo sabor espanhol. Eu chamo-lhe pan-ibérica, daí ter combinado a guitarra portuguesa de Ricardo Parreira com a guitarra flamenca de Thomás Natsis. E que bem cantada por Catarina Moura e Teresa Campos, juntamente com Maria Monda, Amélia e, por fim, um coro de crianças. Como Maria Graciete Besse acertadamente comentou analisando o ARCHiPELAGOS:

“O disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro.”

Desfrutem!

27. Martín Codax (adaptação em grego: Michales Loukovikas) | Panaiotis Tountas | Adaptação: A. Muge. Arranjo: M. Loukovikas (Cantiga de amigo de um dos melhores trovadores medievais combinada com a melodia do maior compositor do rebético de Esmirna)
28. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas, Tradicional Português | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. Muge

Outubro 2017

● Ver também: PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (Chronicle) | GIORGOS ANDREOU on ARCHiPELAGOS
| MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on ARCHiPELAGOS | MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on ARCHiPELAGOS

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/07/04

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Aegean Islands, Aegean Sea, Agora, Alexandria, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Andreas Karakotas, António Quintino, Antigone, Antistrophe, Archipelago, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Argonauts, Aristeion, Armando Soares, Athens, Aurora, Azores, Balkans, Book burning, Bulerías, Byzantine Empire, Camões Prize, Canaries, Cantiga de amigo, Cape Verde, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cesária Évora, Chorus, Christos Megas, Chromatic genus, Coryphaeus, Cramol, Cristiana Serejo, Democracy, Diatonic and chromatic, Diatonic scale, Dimitris Mystakidis, Elysium, Eros, Euripides, Fado, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Festival Músicas do Mundo, Filipe Raposo, Flamenco, Fortunate Isles, Friedrich Hölderlin, Funeral March, Genus, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Heavy metal, Helen, Hellenistic period, Hesiod, Hesperides, Homer, Hurrian songs, Hurrians, Ionia, Ithaca, J. M. Barrie, Jason, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Martins, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Katolophyromai, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Lanzarote, Lisbon, Lost Boys, Luís de Camões, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lusophone, Macaronesia, Madeira, Manos Achalinotοpoulos, Manos Hadjidakis, Maria Graciete Besse, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Medea, Michales Loukovikas, Mikis Theodorakis, Modulation, Neverland, Ney, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Nobel Prize in Literature, Odysseus, Orestes, Paló, Pan, Panaiotis Tountas, Parthenon, Pedro Casaes, Penelope, Pericles, Periplus, Peter Pan, Philhellenism, Pillars of Heracles, Pink Floyd, Plucked Strings Orchestra of Patras, Polis, Portuguese guitar, Rebetiko, Recorder, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Sappho, Sea peoples, Segue-me à Capela, Sines, Smyrna, Sodade, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Sofia Vitória, Sopa de Pedra, Sotto voce, Stasimon, Strabo, Strait of Gibraltar, Strophe, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Thanasis Thipinakis, Thessaloniki, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Thrace, Tinker Bell, Transylvania, Ugarit, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Zonaradiko. Leave a comment

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Δίαυλοι (Χρονικό)
/PORTUGUÊS/ ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Over the Aegean islands | – come out and see! –
angels are flapping their wings | scattering roses…

Michales Loukovikas

I. REVISITANDO O ARQUIPÉLAGO | THE ARCHIPELAGO REVISITED
1. O arquipélago | The Archipelago
(a. Is Ionia in Bloom? / b. Where Is Athens?)
2. Κατολοφύρομαι (Katolophýromae) | I’m Wailing in Lament (Orestes)

Hélia Correia is in our hearts; she’s also in the heart of our Archipelagos! Our longest sequence is mainly based on her long poem, The Third Misery, which she begins citing Friedrich Hölderlin (from his poem Bread and Wine: What’s the use, what is the purpose of a poet in times of such indigence?). We followed in her steps and chose to have as a starting point his poem, The Archipelago. Then, during a trip up north, Amélia Muge convinced her old mother, Maria José, to recite with her some parts of the poem, and José Martins was there to record them. Good material to begin with… Now that I’m thinking about it, I feel it was a pity that Amélia’s daughter, Cristiana, did not take part, as well: we would have three generations reciting together!

The Archipelago, as Hölderlin reminded us, was originally the Aegean Sea and its islands. Therefore we had to start with Aegean music. I think we could find no better melody as an introduction than the beautiful traditional song whose first stanza you can read above. Yet, we felt that some Portuguese flavour was needed. So, next to Kyriakos Gouventas’ violin, we added the guitarra of Ricardo Parreira. Excellent combination!

Then we had to solve the problem of the sea. Initially, I added sea sounds (waves, seagulls, etc.) but Amélia objected: Too realistic, she said. And then she had an excellent idea: What about voices instead of waves? José and me replied in chorus: Yes! That’s it! Well, these choral waves, designed by José, and sung by Maria Monda (Sofia, Susana, Tânia), Cramol and Teresa Campos, made me feel they’re not only sea waves, but also those angels flying over the Aegean, scattering roses…

Euripides

That was the first, bright, rosy part of the poem (Is Ionia in Bloom?). In the second part, the dark, gloomy one (Where Is Athens?), I rearranged an old composition of mine (from The Gold in the Sky, on poetry by Ares Alexandrou) to pave the way to Euripides and Orestes, his tragedy. The stasimon Katolophýromae, introduced by Harris Lambrakis on the ney and recorder, is performed in ancient Greek by a chorus composed by Amélia, Andreas Karakotas, Manos Achalinotópoulos, and me as the coryphaeus. (We write about Euripides and Orestes in our Archipaedia, in the eBook accompanying the CD, where there is a wealth of information around Archipelagos. Much of this information is also presented here in our blog, following the links you see in the titles of each sequence).

1. Friedrich Hölderlin (Der Archipelagus, 1800-1801, excerpts, adapted into Portuguese by Amélia Muge) | a. Aegean traditional / b. Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins
2. Euripides (Orestes, 408 BCE, fragments: strophe–antistrophe) | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas

II. CANTOS DA ARGILA | SONGS OF CLAY
3. Embalar meninos, acordar adultos | Lullabying Children, Waking Up Adults
11. Μάγισσα Θάλασσα (Νέοι Λαοί τής θάλασσας) | Sorceress Sea (New Sea Peoples)

Hurrian hymn to Nikkal, Ugarit (13th century BCE)

Entering a time/space ship, we voyaged a millennium back, from Athens in 408 BCE to Ugarit, Syria, ca. 1400, listening to a Hurrian hymn. To tell you the truth, after Euripides, I was not so much fascinated; but Amélia was amazed, struck by its similarity to a Portuguese anti-fascist hymn: José Gomes Ferreira and Fernando Lopes-Graça’s Acordai! (Wake Up!). My oriental heart, on the other hand, was moved by some renditions of the Hurrian hymn in the chromatic genus. The problem was that these renditions moved away from Acordai. That’s why we decided to have the hymn in two variations, as a diatonic lullaby close to Acordai, and as a diatonic-chromatic lament about the refugees’ tragedy.

Weeping Woman’s Head with handkerchief (1937, possibly a study on Guernica),
by Pablo Picasso

I was so shocked when I saw by the seaside the body of an infant who drowned while his family tried to pass from Turkey to Greece. My lyrics begin with a phrase I heard from another refugee in Morocco, who could not cross the Gibraltar Strait to Spain: Every time I turn and see the sea, tears start falling down… My friend Andreas Karakotas interpreted the song so well tele-directed by me: I was in Lisbon, he was in Salonica! Ana Dias with her harp created the proper background here, as well as in the Imaginary Island of Utopia.

3. Amélia Muge / José Gomes Ferreira (excerpt from Acordai!) | Ancient Hurrian hymn (fragment) / Fernando Lopes-Graça (excerpt from Acordai!) | Adapted by A. Muge. Αrranged by A. J. Martins
11. Michales Loukovikas | Ancient Hurrian hymn (fragment) | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas

III. MACARONÉSIA | MACARONESIA (Macárōn Nẽsoe: Fortunate Isles)
4. Ali no meio do mar | Out There Amid the Sea
5. Dança do trigo | Wheat Dance
6. Um gingado lamento | Swinging Lament

Cesária Évora

Macaronesia consists of four archipelagos in the North Atlantic: the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), the Canaries (Spain), and Cape Verde. The name is derived from the Hellenic term Μακάρων Νῆσοι (Macárōn Nẽsoe, or Fortunate Isles, Isles of the Blessed), used by geographers for the Elysian islands to the west of the Pillars of Heracles (Strait of Gibraltar), a winterless earthly paradise, which according to Hesiod were the Elysian Fields, inhabited by heroes. Strabo identified them with the isles of the Hesperides.

Amélia’s Swinging Lament, dedicated to Cesária Évora, has this magic touch: I’ve loved it since the first time I listened to it. As the finale of a Macaronesian saga, it’s even better! Featured in this sequence is Amélia in the lead voice – together with Rita Maria who sings the Castilian part of the Wheat Dance – as well as Maria Monda and me in the vocals.

4. Traditionals of the Canaries & the Azores, Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J . Martins, A. Muge
5. Traditional of the Canaries, Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, A. Muge
6. Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins

IV. PENAS DE AMOR O QUE SÃO? | WHAT IS TO SUFFER FROM LOVE?
7. A tentação | Temptation
8. Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα / Lua desceu, mergulhou | The Moon Has Set Down
(a. The Moon Has Set Down / b. Meanings Are Divided / c. Eros)

Sappho of Eresos, Roman copy of a 5th-century-BCE Greek original

Temptation, written by Hélia, is for me one of Amélia’s best songs. I told her many times it’s a pity it’s not in one of her own albums. So, here it is! And in a good company: that of Sappho’s.

Thanks to Amélia, who had the idea about her, I searched a lot, reading Sapphic poetry, and combined three fragments to compose:(*) The Moon Has Set Down, Meanings Are Divided, Eros. Moreover, I convinced Amélia she can also sing in ancient Hellenic (something that she described as… jumping into the abyss)! In this “jump” here, she is accompanied by Rita Maria, Catarina Anacleto and Maria Monda.

(*) Although her poetry was well-known and greatly admired in antiquity, most of it survives only in fragments, mainly because the Christian Church disapproved of her morals and the ecclesiastical authorities loved to burn her anthologies…

7. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
8. Sappho (in ancient Greek – and in Portuguese adapted by Amélia Muge) | Michales Loukovikas | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas

V. CANSAÇO DE SER | WEARINESS OF BEING
9. Sono de ser | Slumber of Being
10. The Hours

Fernando Pessoa

This sequence is dedicated to Fernando Pessoa. Slumber of Being is another favourite song of mine composed by Amélia. Her singing here is one of those rare moments; she’s accompanied excellently by Filipe Raposo.

The Hours, one of Pessoa’s English Poems, stands out, as well. I composed it for Sofia Vitória’s Echoes. I’m happy it was finally left out, so we can have it here with my… heavy metal arrangement reinforced by Kostas Hanís’ vibraphone and António Quintino’s double bass! Amélia and I synchronized our voices while the girls (Maria Monda) tuned themselves in chorus with us.

Amélia was fascinated by the way I composed this song. It was during one of my afternoon walks around my neighbourhood and I had The Hours stuck in my mind. I remembered Pink Floyd’s Time and the clocks ringing as soon as it started, and I decided to begin with clocks clicking the seconds, the minutes, The Hours… I walked that fast murmuring Fernando’s words and, all of a sudden, the bass line appeared! I kept on repeating this line, as I had nothing on me to record it, lest I forgot it until I reached home. By the time I arrived there, Fernando also offered me the basic melodic line! I worked furiously for Hours; I stopped only when I had even the arrangement ready. Overjoyed, I sent it immediately to Amélia…

9. Fernando Pessoa | Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
10. Fernando Pessoa | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

VI. NA TAVERNA DO PORTO | IN A HARBOUR’S TAVERN
12. Versos quaisquer (Pedidos com instância) | Verses Whatever (Insistent Requests)
13. Ο Νικόλας ο ψαράς | Nicolas, the Fisherman

That’s the sequence of… fadobetiko (a term coined by Amélia). Her song, à la fado corrido, is based on a satiric poem by João de Deus, one of the greatest Portuguese poets of the 19th century. The intro to the song, played by Kyriakos Gouventas, has North Balkan flavour, because the poem starts with a reference to Transylvania.

Giorgos Mitsakis (L) and Vasilis Tsitsanis (R)

The tragic Nicolas, the Fisherman combines two of the greatest rebetiko composers: Vasilis Tsitsanis, one of the founders of modern rebetiko (paving the way for great composers such as Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis); and Giorgos Mitsakis, a skillful composer and lyricist, nicknamed the master as a bouzouki player.

With throbbing emotion (I burst out in tears while singing in the studio; Amélia and the sound engineer, Christos Megas, thought I was laughing…), I present the tragic figure of a black-dressed mother who is standing for months by the seaside, waiting for her son, Nicolas, to return to shore, as no one has the courage to tell her he drowned… This song moved the Portuguese, as well. I was told of black-dressed women who are still standing by the seaside gazing at the sea with empty eyes…

12. João de Deus | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A.J. Martins
13. Giorgos Mitsakis | Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS | IMAGINARY ISLANDS
14. Uma ilha, Utopia | An Island, Utopia
15. Penélope de Ítaca | Penelope of Ithaca
16. Meninos perdidos | Lost Kids

Ulysses among the Phaeacians, by Jean Broc. Odysseus shows his physical arete by winning the discus-throwing contest after being taunted by a Phaeacian athlete. Long before Plato, Homer seems to be the first to describe Utopia, or even Atlantis, which he calls Scheria, the Phaeacians’ land.

Our fascination with imaginary and mythic places. So good that musically it ends up in Thrace, where I was born, with a… legendary zonarádikos dance, sung by Amélia and Maria Monda, and played by Manos Achalinotópoulos and Harris Lambrakis on the clarino (folk clarinet) and ney. But before that, we voyage to the islands of Thomas More’s Utopia (with Amélia also recalling Ares Alexandrou’s empty Mission Box), Odysseus and Penelope’s Ithaca, until, finally, we run aground on J. M. Barrie’s Neverland, finding not Peter Pan and Tinker Bell there, but some very peculiar Lost Kids.

VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA | IN TIMES OF INDIGENCE
17. Sem Deuses | Without Gods
18. Nós | We
19. Feitiço (Experimentos) | Spell (Experiments)
20. As ilhas do Egeu | The Aegean Islands
21. A ruína da Grécia | The Ruin of Hellas
22. Falamos de sombras (Democracia) | We Talk About Shadows (Democracy)
23. Um início | A Beginning

Hélia’s sequence based on excerpts from her poems The Third Misery and Indignation (We and Spell are from Indignation; the rest are from The Third Misery). As I have said, she begins citing Hölderlin: What’s the use, what is the purpose of a poet in times of such indigence? She also refers to him several times, especially when she speaks about Athens, as her poem is dedicated to Greece.(*) I was flattered when I saw the Parthenon on the cover of the book; Amélia was left speechless when she read the poem. We both decided this would be our main sequence.

(*) As I explained talking about Periplus, our previous work, Hélia is an enthusiastic hellenist and philhellene, who reinterpreted Hellenic myths from the point of view of female heroines, such as Antigone, Helen, and Medea. In her major poem, The Third Misery, and also in Indignation, both dedicated to Greece, she refers to Jason’s Argonauts, to the ancient Agora of the Hellenic poleis, to Homer’s Odyssey, to The Aegean Islands and The Ruin of Hellas, to the ancient gods, Pan and Alexandria, to Pericles and democracy. When she was awarded the Camões Prize (2015), the most prestigious literary distinction in the Lusophone world, she dedicated it to Hellas, where poetry comes from, without which we would be nothing and have nothing, as she said, concluding her speech with the exclamation Long live Greece! Therefore it’s a double pity that no one is interested in publishing The Third Misery in Greece. Well, this is a fourth misery on the modern Greeks’ part!

The Philhellene poet Friedrich Hölderlin, by Johanna Ebertz (1979)

Hölderlin’s citation in Without Gods is repeated in The Aegean Islands, in a completely different soundscape. Here, after many experiments, I used as a model the introduction to Echo, a composition by Manos Achalinotópoulos, developing it further as a free improvisation. As Manos is in our team, I was able to work on my idea with him. Harris Lambrakis, Amélia and Kyriakos Gouventas improvised, as well. So good, Hélia recited her own poetry!

We and The Ruin of Hellas are twin songs; Hélia’s poems here are also twins! I remember hearing inside me the melody of the Ruin already from the first time I read “Nós, os ateus, nós, os monoteístas,” (We, the atheists, we, the monotheists)… Then, changing the rhythm from five beats to six, I rearranged it to the verses of We.

I admit I knew almost nothing about Hölderlin. Trying to learn more in Wikipedia, I saw the card with the basic information: “Born – 20 March…” (Oh, I thought, same day with me!) “… 1770” (Gee, same year with Ludwig!!) At once, I thought of something that was more than crazy: Well, how about it? Third Misery… Third Symphony! Let me see… To tell you the truth, I didn’t expect much. I started humming the Misery to Beethoven’s Marcia funebre, in the Second Movement of his Eroica. I began with the 25th part of the poem, “Yes, we talk about shadows”… as it seemed to me more suitable. I was amazed! But there was more melody. So, now let’s go back and try the 23rd part, “The third misery is this one”… I was astonished!! A little more and we finish the first part of the Marcia, I thought. This little more was found in the 32nd part of the Misery: “All the squares seem like agoras of yore”… Most fantastic of all: Ludwig’s melody finished with Hélia’s “fervent word of democracy” – incredible!!! IT’S A MIRACLE!..

I searched for Beethoven’s score. I had adapted by heart the same melody in a previous work of mine (The Gold in the Sky); but this time I wanted to be precise. I meticulously rearranged his score, assigning his melodic lines to other instruments, leaving nothing out (I hope). The final crash test came when I presented my loucura to Amélia. As I don’t speak Portuguese, I realized that several words or phrases were out of place, not well adapted with the music. Her help in this matter was crucial. And then it was my turn to convince her that I did not want an operatic voice, I would hate such a voice, and perhaps even Ludwig might not like it – or else, why did he write Sotto voce under the title? I meant to say, I wanted her voice. Done! I’m very proud of the result – even if some purists will moan…

I can say here what I said before about Euripides: I do hope that if Ludwig listened to us, he would smile and applaud approvingly, despite the brickbats thrown by such purists! Featured also here, except Maria Monda, are Rui Vaz, José Manuel David and Pedro Casaes in the vocals, Filipe Raposo on the piano, as well as my friend Kosmás Papadópoulos with his clarinet.

What can anybody compose after such music? I guess Amélia did not even think about it – and she did very well; and presented such a graceful melody for A Beginning, standing next to Ludwig as equal! I consider this composition of hers as the best in our Archipelagos.

17. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. Muge, A. J. Martins, M. Loukovikas
18. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
19. Hélia Correia (A. Muge) | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo
20. Hélia Correia | Manos Achalinotópoulos, Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
A free improvisation by H. Lambrakis, M. Achalanitópoulos, A. Muge, K. Gouventas
21. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
22. Hélia Correia | Ludwig van Beethoven (The Third Symphony, Eroica, 1804, Second Movement, first part: Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce) | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas
23. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo

IX. JÁ SE DÃO AS VOLTAS TODAS | NOSTALGIA AND NOSTOS
24. Νοσταλγία: Το παράπονο του μετανάστη | Nostalgia: A Migrant’s Yearning
25. Nostalgia: Cantar de emigração | Nostalgia: Singing of Emigration
(a. Sodade / b. Run-Run se fue pa’l norte / c. Cantar de emigração / d. A Migrant’s Yearning)
26. Alegria | Jubilation (Alegria)

Rosalía de Castro (L) and Violeta Parra (R)

Our sequence about Migrations and Homecomings. Embracing several ideas of Amélia’s, I combined a rebetiko by Vasilis Tsitsanis (also known with the title Like an outcast I’m drifting about), with Rosalía de Castro and José Niza’s Cantar de emigração, Violeta Parra’s Run-Run se fue pa´l norte, and Armando Soares’ Sodade. Amélia had listened to me singing this rebetiko and sent me an adaptation of hers that reminded me of a fado. This was also included as an instrumental part. Moreover, I’m so happy to have here representatives of all four female choirs that Amélia invited for the project De Viva Voz (I was so deeply moved in that concert!): Cramol en masse, Maria Monda, Catarina Moura from Segue-me à Capela, and Teresa Campos from Sopa de Pedra, plus Rita, Rui, David and Pedro, Paló and Mariana Abrunheiro, Amélia and me – starting off in this adventure Like an outcast drifting about…

José Saramago,
by Carlos Botelho

An Amélia’s adaptation sums up this sequence, where José Saramago’s Alegria coexists with a fine melody by our friend, Giorgos Andreou, who is directing here the Plucked Strings Orchestra of Patras.

24. Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
25. a. Armando Soares (adapted by M. Loukovikas) / b. Violeta Parra / c. Rosalía de Castro (adapted into Portuguese by J. Niza) | José Niza / d. Vasilis Tsitsanis (adapted by A. Muge) | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. Muge
26. José Saramago | Giorgos Andreou | Adapted by A. Muge, A.J. Martins. Arranged by G. Andreou

X. O QUE AS ONDAS CONTAM | SEA WAVES TELLING TALES
27. Κύματα μύρια τού πελάγου / Ondas do mar de Vigo | Myriad Waves of the Sea of Vigo)
28. Contas do mar (Bulería de Sines) | Sea Tales of Pearls (Bulería of Sines)

Exuberance, by Penny Warden

Our last sequence begins with another adaptation of Amélia’s, combining a Cantiga de amigo by Martín Codax, with a rebetiko of Smyrna by Panaiotis Tountas, sung in both languages. Working at that time on Tountas’ songs, Women’s Portraits of Rebetiko, “painted” with his excellent Art of Modulation, I used to send copies of my work to Amélia; she thanked me, and wished me well on my birthday, with this beautiful adaptation.

Our finale is a peculiar Bulería I composed in Sines in 2012. We had gone there to arrange for our performance, presenting Periplus in the Festival Músicas do Mundo. We played the Bulería in its initial form in that concert. Since then we have changed the interposed song; what we have now is more suitable for a bulería as it also has a Spanish flavour, and I consider it Pan-Iberian; that’s why I combine Ricardo Parreira’s guitarra portuguesa with Thomás Natsis’ guitarra flamenca. It is sung so beautifully by Catarina Moura and Teresa Campos, together with Maria Monda, Amélia and, at last, a children’s choir. As Maria Graciete Besse aptly remarked analyzing Archipelagos:

“The disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus designing an itinerary that is projected into the future.”

Enjoy!

27. Martín Codax (also adapted into Greek by Michales Loukovikas) | Panaiotis Tountas | Adapted by A. Muge. Arranged by M. Loukovikas (A major medieval Galician minstrel’s Cantiga de amigo combined with a melody by the greatest composer of the rebetiko of Smyrna)
28. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas, Portuguese traditional | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. Muge

October 2017

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/06/09

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Açores, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Andreas Karakotas, António José Martins, António Quintino, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Armando Soares, Arquipélago, Bulería, Canções hurritas, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cramol, Deleuze & Guattari, Dimitris Mystakidis, Etnomusicologia, Euripides, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Friedrich Hölderlin, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, J. M. Barrie, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Nisa, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Maria do Rosário Pestana, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Michales Loukovikas, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Périplo, Pedro Casaes, Periplus, Rebético, Retórica musical, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Safo, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Thanassis Tsipinakis, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Ugarit, Universidade de Aveiro, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Zeca Afonso. Leave a comment

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

/ENGLISH/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on ARCHiPELAGOS

Archipelagos – de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas

Um projecto musical de relacionalidade e convivialidade

Maria do Rosário Pestana, Universidade de Aveiro

Instituto de Etnomusicologia – Centro de Estudos em Música e Dança

Cinco anos depois de PERIPLUS deambulações luso-gregas, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas apresentam um novo projeto artístico intitulado ARCHiPELAGOS Passagens. Partem do território comum que ambos construíram em 2012 com Periplus, desde logo, ao proporem uma experiência musical assente na prática cognitiva da viagem, que desconstrói a referência ao mundo, ou seja, às visões unitárias da música local/nacional. Durante os quatro anos que medeiam os dois projetos artísticos, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas desenvolveram uma extensa investigação na música, na canção, na poesia, percorrendo pontes de coexistência, de conexão entre pessoas, de alteridade, de pertencimento e de identificação pela música que os levaram a outras cartografias fora das fronteiras territoriais e étnicas que definem os espaços hegemónicos contemporâneos. Assim, nos termos da música e da poesia, Archipelagos compromete a nossa experiência com evocações de diferentes geografias, domínios linguísticos e subjetividades, num possível novo humanismo.

O sentido do termo Archipelagos é ambivalente: por um lado, remete-nos para a ideia de “mar primordial”, grande mar ou mar fundador, do étimo Arkhi-Pelagos, um espaço líquido (por isso descentrado), flutuante, de travessia e imersão; por outro lado, refere o conjunto de sequências temporais, musicais (as faixas sonoras do CD), entendidas pelos músicos tanto como “ilhas” na relação entre si, como também outros arquipélagos.

O processo criativo parte frequentemente de um conceito. Arquipélago é um desses conceitos nucleares, patente na escolha dos versos de A Terceira Miséria de Hélia Correia, de O Arquipélago de Johann Hölderlin e nas referências musicais às ilhas da Macaronésia; utopia é outro conceito central que os compositores exploram a partir de Thomas More, dialogando com A Caixa de Ares Alexandrou, com Os Meninos Perdidos de James Matthew Barrie ou com a Utopia de Zeca Afonso. O diálogo criativo estende-se às vivências e às memórias de um e de outro compositor, aos poetas e músicos que definem a sua humanidade. Essas vivências e memórias referem-se a pessoas, a vidas sociais, a outros indivíduos. Assim, trazem para este arquipélago The Hours de Fernando Pessoa, Ondas do mar de Vigo de Martín Códax, Cantar da emigração de Rosalía de Castro e José Niza, o Hino a Nikkal encontrado em Ugarit, na Síria, os poemas de Safo, ou géneros musicais como o rebético grego. Estas presenças múltiplas ligam o passado remoto ao presente, o longe ao perto, os músicos a cada um de nós ouvintes. E em cada nova sequência, ou faixa, os músicos percorrem novas ‘passagens’ através de diferentes recursos composicionais como a citação de Acordai de Fernando Lopes-Graça e José Gomes Ferreira, ou de Rema, rema lanchinha popular dos Açores, entre tantas outras, o recurso à retórica musical como acontece na mimetização das ondas do mar pelo coro composto pelo Cramol, Maria Monda e Teresa Campos, a recitação poética, a distensão do ritmo da bulería, etc. Musicalmente este espaço é construído por um manancial de referências a paisagens sonoras, canções, instrumentos musicais, sonoridades, que desafiam a perceção e o conhecimento de cada um dos ouvintes. Estas referências são feitas de “passagem” e são postas em conexão ao longo de um processo criativo em que os dois músicos participam. Parafraseando Deleuze e Guatarri em Mil Planaltos, este projecto artístico é conectável em todas as suas dimensões, desmontável, invertível, tem entradas múltiplas e pode ser percebido como uma obra de arte e como uma mediação, mas também como uma ação política, uma dimensão que irei explorar adiante.

PERIPLUS deambulações luso-gregas

Em Archipelagos, percebe-se a intenção de criar um espaço ambivalente (líquido e sólido), com múltiplos e mutantes centros, onde os músicos reagregam memórias. O arquipélago foi a metáfora escolhida pelos músicos para representar uma visão-de-mundo, o projeto (materializado no CD) e o processo de criação dos dois indivíduos músicos. Neste sentido, podemos dizer que é um conceito fundador e nuclear, como referi atrás, ao mesmo tempo que é uma metodologia de trabalho criativo que permitiu aos dois músicos construir um espaço de ação horizontal inter-individual, ou seja, inter-subjetivo.

Amélia Muge refere-se a esse processo de construção de um território de conexão que é simultaneamente de partilha e de definição da expressão individual:

Nós criámos um território comum, aquilo que era o desconhecimento do outro. No início fazíamos tudo juntos, eu ia buscar uma frase dele e juntava com ele, era tudo em conjunto. [Neste novo projeto começámos por questionar] o que é isto de continuar a fazer um trabalho com um Outro com o qual já temos um terreno comum? Curiosamente, levou a que cada um de nós percebesse que precisava de mais espaço para si. Espaço para compreender que nos tínhamos transformado com esta experiência, que tínhamos adquirido coisas. A reação, a sensibilidade que tínhamos em relação à cultura do outro também já era diferente. Eu neste vou cantar em grego antigo uma composição de Michales para fragmentos de poemas de Safo. E, curiosamente, ele diz: “A Amélia é melhor do que eu a cantar em grego antigo!”

Criado este território comum, os compositores convidaram músicos para dar som a Archipelagos. São músicos de diferentes partes do globo cujos percursos se cruzaram em projetos e vivências anteriores de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas e que agora criam novas interdependências, compromissos, conexões. Devo referir que reunir os músicos e concretizar o projecto em estúdio de gravação implicou da parte de Amélia Muge um desdobramento a solicitar apoios e fundos parcelares a diferentes instituições públicas e privadas.

Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas com António Quintino contrabaixo, Catarina Anacleto violoncelo, José Salgueiro percussão, Manuel Maio violino e bandolim, Miguel Tapadas piano, Nikos Paraoulakis ney (flauta oriental) e flauta de bisel, apresentando Periplus no Festival Músicas do Mundo, Sines.

Atrás sustentei que este projeto pode ser percebido como uma ação política. Desde 2012, com Periplus que Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas definem um espaço crítico de produção artística, resistente às produções culturais de massa homogeneizantes, às geopolíticas do conhecimento e aos seus discursos dominantes. Na verdade, como referi noutro lugar, o acolhimento que Periplus teve por parte do público, tendo sido um assunto introduzido num congresso sobre a transposição das fronteiras do conhecimento, ilustra a possibilidade do poder criador e de participação dos indivíduos músicos na construção de um Outro conhecimento, um conhecimento sensível aberto ao diálogo, à partilha, assente no valor da alteridade, na ética do respeito pelo outro. Partindo de outro mapa conceptual, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas criam agora, em Archipelagos, um espaço sónico multicêntrico de relacionalidade e convivialidade musical, social, entre indivíduos, aberto a múltiplas focalizações.

Outubro de 2017
Maria do Rosário Pestana
etnomusicóloga

● Ver também: MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “PERIPLUS”
● Assim como: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/06/09

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Andreas Karakotas, António José Martins, António Quintino, Archipelago, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Armando Soares, Azores, Bulerías, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cramol, Dimitris Mystakidis, Ethnomusicology, Euripides, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Friedrich Hölderlin, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Hurrian songs, J. M. Barrie, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Maria do Rosário Pestana, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Michales Loukovikas, Musical rhetoric, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Pedro Casaes, Periplus, Plucked Strings Orchestra, Rebetiko, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Sappho, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Thanasis Thipinakis, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Ugarit, University of Aveiro, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Zeca Afonso. Leave a comment

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria do Rosário Pestana: professor in the University of Aveiro, and researcher of the Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance. She developed ethnomusicological studies on musical associativism, processes of documentation of music of rural matrix and music of local expression. She coordinated the book SINGING IN ALENTEJO – the land, the past and the present (2017).

Archipelagos – by Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas

A musical project of relationality and conviviality

Maria do Rosário Pestana, University of Aveiro

Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance

Five years after PERIPLUS Luso-Hellenic Wanderings, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas present a new artistic project entitled ARCHiPELAGOS Passages. They start off from the common territory that they both constructed in 2012 with Periplus, proposing right away a musical experience based on the cognitive practice of voyage, which deconstructs the reference to the world, that is, the unitary visions of local/national music. During the four years that separate the two artistic projects, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas embarked on an extensive research in music, songs, poetry, crossing bridges of coexistence, of connection among people, of alterity, of belonging and identifying with the music that took them to other cartographies outside the territorial and ethnic boundaries which define contemporary hegemonic spaces. Thus, in terms of music and poetry, the CD Archipelagos commits our experience to evocations from different geographies, linguistic domains and subjectivity, in a possible new humanism.

The meaning of the term Archipelagos is ambivalent: on the one hand, it leads us to the idea of “primordial sea”, grand sea or founder sea, from the etymon Arkhi-Pelagos, a liquid space (therefore off-centre), floating, to cross and immerse; on the other hand, it refers to the set of temporal, musical sequences (the CD tracks), regarded by the musicians as both “islands” in the relationship among themselves, as well as other archipelagos.

The creative process often starts off from a concept. Archipelago is one of those nuclear concepts, evident in the choice of verses from Hélia Correia’s The Third Misery, Johann Hölderlin’s The Archipelago and in the musical references to the Macaronesian islands; utopia is another central concept that the composers explore with Thomas More as a starting point, engaging in a dialogue with Ares Alexandrou’s Mission Box, with James Matthew Barrie’s Lost Kids, or with Zeca Afonso’s Utopia. The creative dialogue extends to the experiences and memories of each one of the composers, to the poets and musicians that define their humanity. These experiences and memories refer to people, to social lives, to other individuals. Thus, they bring to this archipelago Fernando Pessoa’s The Hours, Martín Códax’s Waves of the Sea of Vigo, Rosalía de Castro and José Niza’s Singing of Emigration, the Hymn to Nikkal found in Ugarit, in Syria, Sappho’s poems, or musical genres such as the Greek rebetiko. These multiple presences connect the remote past with the present, the distant with the near, the musicians with each of us listeners. And in each new sequence, or track, the musicians cross new ‘passages’ through different compositional resources such as the quotation from Fernando Lopes-Graça and José Gomes Ferreira’s Acordai, or from the Azorian popular song Rema, rema lanchinha (Row in a row, rowing boat), among many others, the recourse to musical rhetoric as it occurs in the mimicry of sea waves by the choir constituted of Cramol, Maria Monda and Teresa Campos, the poetic recitation, the distension of the rhythm of the bulería, etc. Musically, this space is constructed by a wealth of references to soundscapes, songs, musical instruments, sonorities, which challenge the perception and knowledge of each one of the listeners. These references are made in “passing” and are posted in connection along a creative process in which the two musicians participate. To paraphrase Deleuze and Guatarri in A Thousand Plateaus, this artistic project is connectable in all its dimensions, demountable, invertible, has multiple entries and can be perceived as a work of art and as a mediation, but also as a political act, a dimension that I will shortly explore.

PERIPLUS Luso-Hellenic Wanderings

In Archipelagos, there is an intention to create an ambivalent space (liquid and solid), with multiple and mutating centres, where the musicians reassemble memories. The archipelago has been the metaphor chosen by the musicians to represent a worldview, the project (materialized on the CD) and the creation process of the two individual musicians. In this sense, we can say that it is a founding and nuclear concept, as I mentioned before, at the same time that it is a methodology of creative work that allowed the two musicians to construct a space of horizontal inter-individual action, that is, inter-subjective.

Amélia Muge refers to this process of constructing a connecting territory that is simultaneously of sharing and of defining individual expression:

We have created a common territory out of what was the ignorance of the other. In the beginning we did everything together. I would get a phrase of his and we would conclude it together, everything was done in common. [In this new project we started off asking] why should we continue working with an Other with whom we have already a common ground? Curiously, we both realized that we needed more space for each one of us. Space to understand that we had been transformed through this experience, that we had achieved something. The reaction, the sensitivity we had towards the other’s culture was also different. I am going to sing in ancient Greek a composition by Michales on fragments of Sappho’s poems. And, curiously, he says: “Amelia is better than me in singing in ancient Greek!”

Having created this common territory, the composers invited musicians to give sound to the Archipelagos. They are musicians from different parts of the globe whose paths have crossed in previous projects and performances of Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas and who are now creating new inter-dependencies, commitments, connections. I need to say that bringing together the musicians and carrying out the project in a recording studio implied on Amélia Muge’s part a parallel task of soliciting several public and private institutions for sponsorship contributing funds.

Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas with Catarina Anacleto cello, Manuel Maio violin and mandolin, Nikos Paraoulakis ney and recorder, António Quintino double bass, José Salgueiro percussion, Miguel Tapadas piano, presenting Periplus at the Festival Músicas do Mundo, Sines.

Previously, I maintained that this project can be seen as a political act. Since 2012, with Periplus, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas have defined a critical space of artistic production, resistant to homogenizing productions of mass culture, the geopolitics of knowledge and its dominant discourses. In fact, as I mentioned elsewhere, the acceptance that Periplus enjoyed by the public, being a subject-matter introduced in a congress on broadening the frontiers of knowledge, illustrates the possibility of the creative power and participation of individual musicians in the construction of Another knowledge, a sensitive knowledge open to dialogue, to sharing, based on the value of alterity, on the ethics of respect for the other. Starting off from another conceptual map, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas now, in Archipelagos, create a multicentric sonic space of relationality and musical, social conviviality, between individuals, open to multiple focalizations.

October of 2017
Maria do Rosário Pestana
ethnomusicologist

INTRODUCTION to “ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/PORTUGUÊS/ INTRODUÇÃO a ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo, anthropologist and musician

● I feel obliged to thank the Galeria Porto Oriental Director, Dr Ana Maria Abrantes, who invited me to make this short introduction to “ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages” by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, presented as a continuation of another project, made seven years ago: “PERIPLUS / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings”.

● I would like to start expressing my congratulations to the two artists:

For selecting these two key concepts of the project that they defined very well;

And also for the quality of the choices and interpretation of the music and poems that so well give the artistic tone of the anthropological time, which triggered the project in 2016: Indigence, Nostalgia, Without Gods, Indignation, Lost Kids, Weariness of Being, etc.

● We can present it through António José Martins’ concise phrase as an “artistic endeavour of a possible historical voyage across the cultural heritage of the Mediterranean human being”.

● What do these words mean for me, as an anthropologist?

First of all. They challenge me to make the ethnography of the crisis that since 2008-2009 entailed the application of public economic-financial austerity policies to Greece and Portugal. I’m not going to talk about it now. All of us as European citizens know it, as well as its consequences. This crisis has already been the subject of texts I have published.

Secondly. I am intrigued by the virtual starting point of this project: the artists start by meeting on the Internet Sea to launch themselves onto “Mare Nostrum” they define as a “closed sea, but open to our common heritage, in dialogue with the cultures of the Black and Red Seas, of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans”, in their similarities and differences.

Thirdly. They reveal to me the processes by which this project was interwoven: from an “inner voyage” to “discover ourselves” in this “open sea voyage”, in the context of the Mediterranean. And how did this “inner voyage” took place in such a context? Through what “interactions”, what “channels of communication”, what “bridges”?

Fourthly. They lead me to an answer: with the “project’s compass” – made of Sappho’s, Hélia Correia’s and Hölderlin’s poetry, and Ludwig van Beethoven’s music, of Euripides’ chorus, of the 3500-years-old Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal, of Acordai!, by José Gomes Ferreira and Fernando Lopes-Graça, of the refugees’ tragedy – we arrive at the mythical islands of Ithaca, Utopia or Neverland and, across the Mediterranean, sailing through the Pillars of Heracles (Gibraltar), to the archipelagos of Macaronesia (Madeira and the Azores, the Canaries and Cape Verde).

Lastly. They make me ask the following questions:

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo

1. Is it possible for us to unite in fact with the Other or will there always be an “abyss” between us that makes “any relationship an emergency passage” (A. Muge)?

2. Faced with this beautiful and meticulous project that starts in Mare Internet in the direction of the artistic history of Mare Nostrum, where is the reality of the “Mediterranean human being”? Or, more broadly: What is reality, or: what is real?

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo
Galeria Porto Oriental / November 22, 2019

INTRODUÇÃO a “ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ENGLISH/ INTRODUCTION to ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens: Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo, antropólogo e músico

● O meu agradecimento à Directora da Galeria Porto Oriental, Dra Ana Maria Abrantes, pelo convite a fazer esta pequena introdução a “ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens” de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas que nos é apresentado como uma continuação de um outro projecto, realizado sete anos antes: o “PERIPLUS / deambulações luso-gregas”.

● Desejo começar por expressar as minhas felicitações a eles:

Pela escolha destes dois conceitos-chave do projecto, muito bem definidos no projecto;

E também pela qualidade da escolha e da interpretação das músicas e dos poemas que tão bem dão o tónus artístico do tempo antropológico que desencadeou o projecto a partir de 2016: a indigência, a nostalgia, sem deuses, a indignação, os meninos perdidos, o cansaço do ser, etc.

● Podíamos apresentá-lo, nas palavras sintéticas de António José Martins, como uma “tentativa artística de uma possível viagem histórica pela herança cultural do ser humano mediterrânico”.

● O que é que estas palavras significam para mim, como antropólogo?

Que, para mim:

Em primeiro lugar. Me desafiam a fazer a etnografia da crise que a partir de 2008-2009 implicou a aplicação de políticas públicas de austeridade económico-financeiras para a Grécia e para Portugal. Não vou aqui falar dela. Todos nós, como cidadãos europeus, a conhecemos e as suas consequências. Essa crise, foi já objecto de textos que publiquei.

Em segundo lugar. Me interpelam pelo ponto de partida virtual deste projecto: os seus autores começam por se encontrar no mare da internet para se lançarem no mare nostrum que definem como “mar fechado, mas aberto à nossa herança comum, em diálogo com as culturas dos mares Negro e Vermelho, dos oceanos Atlântico e Índico”, nas suas semelhanças e nas suas diferenças.

Em terceiro lugar. Me revelam os processos pelos quais foram entretecendo este projecto: os de uma “viagem interior” à “descoberta de si”, nesta “viagem em mar aberto” no contexto do mediterrâneo. E como foi acontecendo esta “viagem interior” em tal contexto? Através de que “interacções”, de que “canais de comunicação”, de que “pontes”?

Em quarto lugar: Me levam à resposta: com a “bussola do projecto” – feito da poesia de Safo, de Hélia Correia e de Hölderlin, da música de Ludwig van Beethoven, do coro de Eurípides, do Hino Hurrita a Nikkal com 3500 anos, do Acordai! de José Gomes Ferreira e Fernando Lopes-Graça, da tragédia dos refugiados – aporta-se às míticas ilhas de Ítaca, à Utopia ou Terra do Nunca e, do outro lado do mediterrâneo, atravessando os Pilares de Hércules (Gibraltar), aos arquipélagos da Macaronésia (Madeira e Açores, Canárias e Cabo Verde).

Em último lugar. Me suscitam as seguintes interrogações:

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo

1. É possível unirmo-nos na realidade ao Outro ou haverá sempre um “abismo” (A. Muge) entre nós que torna “qualquer relação com ele uma passagem de emergência” (A. Muge)?

2. Perante este belo e dorido projecto que começa no mare da internet em direcção à história artística do mare nostrum, onde fica a realidade do “ser humano mediterrânico”? Ou, dum modo mais abrangente: O que é a realidade, ou: o que é o real?

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo
Galeria Porto Oriental / 22 Novembro 2019

● Ver também: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/05/21

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Açores, Adriano Correia de Oliveira, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Ana Moura, Anatolia, Andreas Karakotas, António José Martins, António Quintino, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Aristóteles, Armando Soares, Arquipélago, Auschwitz, Ásia Menor, Édouard Glissant, Ítaca, Cabo Verde, Camané, Canárias, Cantiga de amigo, Caribe, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cesária Évora, Constantinopla, Cramol, Crime contra a humanidade, Cristina Branco, Democracia, Dimitris Mystakidis, Esmirna, Euripides, Fado, Fausto Bordalo Dias, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Friedrich Hölderlin, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Hinos hurritas, Holocausto, Hurritas, Ilhas Egeias, Istambul, João Afonso, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Mário Branco, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Mar Egeu, Marcha Fúnebre, Maria Graciete Besse, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martim Codax, Mísia, Mediterrâneo, Michales Loukovikas, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Odisseia, Odisseu, Orestes, Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Partenon, Périplo, Pedro Casaes, Periplus, Platão, Rebético, Revolução Francesa, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Safo, Saint-John Perse, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Sorbonne, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Terror, Thanassis Tsipinakis, Theodor W. Adorno, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Trácia, Ugarit, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Walter Benjamin, Zeca Afonso. Leave a comment

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ENGLISH/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on ARCHiPELAGOS
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria Graciete Besse: escritora e poetisa luso-francesa

Uma prática da Relação

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Maria Graciete Besse, Professeur émérite, Université de Paris IV – La Sorbonne

mariagraciete7@aol.com

Todo o pensamento arquipélago é pensamento do tremor, da não-presunção, mas também da abertura e da partilha.

Édouard Glissant

Autora, cantora e compositora, Amélia Muge é bem conhecida no panorama cultural português, pela beleza dos seus textos e composições musicais. Natural de Moçambique, a artista chegou a Portugal em 1984. O seu primeiro disco, intitulado Mugica, foi divulgado em 1992, seguido de Todos os dias (1994). Ao longo da sua carreira, Amélia Muge tem colaborado regularmente com José Mário Branco, Fausto, entre outros, e obteve em 1995 o prestigioso prémio Zeca Afonso com Maio maduro Maio (partilhado com José Mário Branco e João Afonso). De novo, este prémio foi-lhe atribuído em 1998, pelo álbum Taco a Taco, seguindo-se outros discos (A Monte, 2000; Não sou daqui, 2007) e numerosas participações em festivais nacionais e internacionais. Na actualidade, a autora continua a colaborar com diversos cantores, compondo também para fadistas bem conhecidos como Mísia, Camané, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, entre muitos outros.

Em 2009, Amélia Muge conheceu Michales Loukovikas, cantor, compositor e instrumentista, originário da Trácia e especialista de música grega contemporânea, em particular do Rebético.¹ Este encontro, sob os auspícios da Internet, revelou-se imediatamente fecundo pois concretizou-se em diversos projectos e na publicação de três discos: um CD-livro em português e em grego (2011), que celebra a obra do poeta Ares Alexandrou, desenvolvendo um trabalho precedente de Michales Loukovikas, intitulado O Ouro do Céu; em seguida surge Periplus / Deambulações luso-gregas (2012), considerado em Portugal como um dos melhores discos do ano; e mais recentemente Archipelagos / Passagens (2018), que inclui um CD e um eBook, onde descobrimos uma aventura musical e poética que se desenrola entre Portugal e a Grécia, mas que se abre também a um mundo mais vasto. Neste trabalho, os dois artistas celebram a temática da viagem através de diferentes culturas e paisagens, num tempo múltiplo e num espaço variado – Portugal, a Grécia, a Macaronésia, a América do Sul, as ilhas da utopia –, para nos propôr um olhar cruzado, dotado de uma sonoridade original que prolonga as fascinantes deambulações luso-gregas de Periplus, de forma a oferecer-nos agora algumas passagens que nos conduzem para além da errância, até novas dimensões do imaginário.

¹ Forma popular marcada pela herança musical de Istambul (Constantinopla) e de Esmirna, que se desenvolve sobretudo nos anos 1920, na sequência das vagas de refugiados da Ásia Menor.

Dotado de uma grande qualidade literária e musical, Archipelagos / Passagens é composto por 28 rotas, distribuídas em 10 sequências-ilhas distintas, apresentando-se como uma obra em forma de arquipélago. Este termo, explicitado no eBook (Archipédia) que acompanha o CD (com textos em português, inglês e grego), remete para o sentido que vigorava na Grécia antiga em que o arquipélago designava o mar Egeu, passando mais tarde a significar o conjunto de ilhas do Egeu e finalmente, qualquer agrupamento de ilhas. Mas o conceito de arquipélago apresenta uma grande densidade de conotações poéticas, sendo tributário, no imaginário colectivo ocidental, das utopias dos séculos passados em que a ilha aparecia isolada. Quando falamos de arquipélago, podemos também evocar a cultura antiga e, depois de Hölderlin, toda a riqueza cultural helénica, universal e imortal. Para Saint-John Perse (1887-1975), outro grande poeta fascinado pelo universo insular, por detrás do écran luminoso do espaço mediterrânico, existe um ambiente atmosférico e uma base psicológica, impregnada de história e de civilização antiga. É com esta dimensão encantatória que abre o disco de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, a partir da adaptação de um poema de Hölderlin.

Édouard Glissant, por Jennifer Dionisio

No centro do universo literário e musical oferecido por este trabalho, podemos facilmente identificar o conceito paradigmático de Relação, desenvolvido pelo poeta, romancista e filósofo francês Édouard Glissant (1928-2011) que propõe uma poética rizomática aberta ao Diverso enquanto travessia entre o lugar e o mundo.² Ao remeter para o entrecruzamento de culturas diversas, a Relação traduz um pensamento arquipélago, em que as ilhas deixam de significar isolamento, para se abrirem à totalidade-mundo, isto é, a uma força que irradia, opondo-se ao conceito totalitário de fechamento e intolerância.³ Apesar das diferenças geográficas e culturais, pensamos que em Archipelagos / Passagens existem efectivamente ecos da obra deste grande poeta das Caraíbas, sobretudo pelo sentido de um trajecto, de um precurso e de um cruzamento que se encontram na base de um pensamento que se opõe à visão de um mundo fechado, unitário, para nos propôr a presença estimulante do Diverso, marcado pela ideia do movimento. Mas, como sublinhou em várias ocasiões Édouard Glissant, a Relação não significa a mistura confusa e desordenada de culturas, na medida em que o Diverso compreende as diferenças que se encontram, se ajustam umas às outras, se harmonizam. Para o poeta, a Relação possui uma dimensão arquipélica aberta à passagem e à totalidade-mundo, noção que permite conceber tanto a política como a identidade, a ética, a língua e as diferentes modalidades do pensamento. Na opinião de Glissant, o esquema do pensamento arquipélago não conduz à noção de território que se define como uma noção continental, porque o arquipélago é discontínuo, descentrado. Nesta perspectiva, o poeta-filósofo distingue:

● o pensamento continental que se identifica com o sistema, arrogante, feito de lógicas causais que podem conduzir à guerra;

● e o pensamento arquipélago que é uma outra forma de pensar, mais intuitiva, mais frágil, rizomática, associada ao imprevisto do caos-mundo, neologismo que caracteriza não a desordem mas o imprevisível.⁴

O Dia de Deus, de Paul Gauguin

² Para Édouard Glissant, a Relação é tudo que “relie (relaie), relate”, in Poétique de la Relation. Poétique III, Paris, Gallimard, 1990, p. 187.

³ Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-monde. Poétique IV, Paris, Gallimard, 1997.

⁴ Segundo Édouard Glissant, a noção de “caos-mundo é bem precisa: trata-se da mistura cultural, que não se reduz simplesmente a um melting-pot, graças à qual a totalidade mundo hoje está realizada.”, in Introdução a uma poética da diversidade, trad. Enilce do Carmo A. Rocha, Juiz de Fora, editora UFJF, 2005, p. 98.

Para Glissant, o pensamento arquipélago é também um pensamento do tremor, que condiz com a errância e se abre ao futuro. Assim, o estremecimento ou o tremor é a qualidade do que se opõe ao pensamento brutal, unívoco, do eu sem o outro, escreve o poeta, sublinhando que precisamos de estremecimento, porque sufocamos no meio de pensamentos sistemáticos e arrogantes. Poderíamos acrescentar que precisamos também, cada vez mais, de espaços de epifania, como os que Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas nos dão a ouvir neste disco que desenha arquipélagos inéditos, mobiliza culturas misturadas, apelando a uma dinâmica de subjectivações inesperadas que designam um olhar, uma voz, um sopro, uma tradição atravessada por múltiplas passagens, memórias fluídas e estremecentes, para pensar a complexidade do mundo, convidando-nos também a imaginar o Encontro e a alimentar a esperança para além de todas as formas de utopia.

Uma visão surrealista do artista haitiano Vanex Florestant

Para Glissant, como para Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, a paisagem não é apenas um simples cenário, mas uma personagem activa da História. Assim, graças à poética da Relação, uma parte da natureza, vista pelo olhar humano, isto é, a paisagem escolhida em função de parâmetros subjectivos, emotivos e afectivos, não se encontra unicamente numa perspectiva horizontal, mas desenha uma profundidade vertical que nos convida à reflexão. Assim, o primeiro eixo temático do disco propõe-nos uma série de paisagens que remetem para a beleza da Grécia cantada por Hölderlin, postas em relação com fragmentos de Orestes, a tragédia de Eurípides, composta em 408 antes de Cristo, que evoca a dor, cantada em grego antigo por Michales Loukovikas e coro. Identificamos em seguida a presença de dois universos musicais distintos: o hino hurrita a Nikkal, datado de 1400 antes de Cristo – descoberto na Síria nos anos 50, num campo arqueológico (Ugarit) – e o Acordai, poema de José Gomes Ferreira, musicado por Fernando Lopes-Graça nos anos 40. A sequência começa como uma canção de embalar que vem da Antiguidade e chega aos nossos dias para despertar a nossa sensibilidade e inteligência, e se impôr como uma canção de luta. Paralelamente à pesquisa literária deste notável trabalho musical, podemos falar de uma dimensão ética e política no sentido mais nobre do termo.

Orestes matando Egisto e Clitemnestra, baixo relevo num sarcófago (ca 150 EC)

O disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de
Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro
infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro.

Archipelagos / Passagens convida-nos a viajar através de espaços reais e imaginários, propondo-nos um percurso geográfico, literário e cultural que convoca vozes tão diferentes como as de Safo, Eurípides, Hölderlin, Pessoa, José Gomes Ferreira, Saramago, ou ainda Hélia Correia, que se encontra no centro de todo o CD. É de notar também que o disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro. O mundo antigo e o espaço do Mediterrâneo, o mar fechado, abrem-se ao Atlântico e confundem-se com o universo da Macaronésia, introduzida através dum canto tradicional das Canárias posto em relação com um canto dos Açores e com ritmos caboverdianos numa belíssima homenagem a Cesária Évora.

Cesária Évora, por Sersun

Podemos ainda observar que todo este trabalho é atravessado por uma interrogação fundamental de Hölderlin, citado por Hélia Correia : “Para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência?”. Esta pergunta eivada de melancolia, colocada em 1800 pelo poeta do Romantismo alemão, sublinha a desilusão de todos aqueles que viam as luzes da Revolução francesa apagar-se no Terror. Contudo, Hölderlin não se dirige exactamente aos desiludidos da História mas aos “abandonados por Deus”, constatando a queda espiritual, o eclipse da transcendência. Convém no entanto lembrar que, três anos mais tarde, surge a resposta a esta pergunta quando Hölderlin sublinha o papel e a responsabilidade do artista, afirmando que “os poetas fundam tudo o que permanece”. Em meados do século XX, Adorno evoca o crime contra a humanidade e considera que seria bárbaro escrever poesia depois de Auschwitz. Mas a poesia permanece, como sabemos e como o demonstra também o trabalho de Archipelagos / Passagens que celebra as palavras vindas de diversos horizontes culturais, para nos lembrar que a pergunta de Hölderlin se pode colocar novamente nos nossos dias, perante a perda de muitos valores que tocam o mundo contemporâneo.

Estátua de Odisseu descoberta por colectores de esponjas nos destroços
do naufrágio de Anticítera entre outras estátuas, moedas e artefactos (sécs. IV
a I AEC), bem como o mecanismo de Anticítera, o mais antigo computador analógico conhecido.

Archipelagos / Passagens celebra portanto uma paisagem múltipla, cruza memórias, estabelece um diálogo com a tradição escrita e oral, traduz o ritmo das línguas (o português, o grego, o espanhol, o inglês, o crioulo), faz ouvir o sopro que revela a harmonia, a dor e a violência da História – é de notar que numa das sequências mais belas do disco, Amélia Muge mergulha justamente na memória das palavras e canta Safo em grego antigo, convidando-nos a viajar no tempo e a enfrentar a tentação do silêncio, antes de convocar um poema inglês de Fernando Pessoa para insistir na cadência das horas, mostrando-nos que o tempo nos conduz para o que Glissant chamava o caos-mundo, onde encontramos o choque dos contactos, as misturas entre realidades muito diferentes, as identidades e as culturas que entram em relação umas com as outras, sem nada perder da sua originalidade. Este caos-mundo é dominado pelo mar feiticeiro cantado em grego por um outro colaborador do CD, Andreas Karakotas, que convoca um excerto do já evocado hino hurrita a Nikkal e nos conduz até uma Odisseia onde Ulisses vai encontrar o caminho até à sua ilha, depois de uma longa viagem através de terras desconhecidas. Mas “Ítaca já não há”, diz o poema. Ulisses transformou-se num estrangeiro que toma a forma de um mendigo, de um refugiado – poderíamos nós acrescentar hoje –, de um emigrante, que a Europa insulta e deixa morrer nesse imenso cemitério chamado Mediterrâneo. E entramos em seguida num novo eixo temático do disco que vai opôr utopia e distopia, onde se inscreve o imprevisto aberto à errância e por vezes à morte, como a do pescador Nicolas cantado por Michales Loukovikas, esse pescador esperado pela sua mãe que não sabe que o filho se afogou no mar.

A jangada de Medusa, de Théodore Géricault (1818-19). O naufrágio chocou toda a gente porque as vítimas eram europeias; inspirou uma oratória de Hans Werner Henze e um filme
de Iradj Azimi. Agora que estes naufrágios são de não europeus, tornaram-se uma rotina…

O percurso poético e musical abre-se contudo à visão de uma utopia, remetendo para a famosa ilha inventada por Thomas More em 1516, e cujas raízes se encontram em Aristóteles e Platão. A utopia representa, como sabemos, algo de perfeito, indissociável da busca. O sentido político da utopia relaciona-se com um governo imaginário impossível de realizar. A transformação da utopia em distopia revela um tropismo melancólico que diz respeito à nossa representação do tempo e da História marcada pela catástrofe (essa catástrofe de que falava Walter Benjamin, o filósofo judeu alemão, no início dos anos 1930, pressentindo já o horror da Shoah). Assim, o sonho pode-se transformar em pesadelo, onde erram os meninos perdidos, cantados por Amélia Muge numa bela adaptação de um ritmo tradicional da Trácia, com um arranjo de António José Martins e de Michales Loukovikas.

A pergunta colocada por Hölderlin (“Para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência?”), ganha grande intensidade, como uma litania, quando se exprime na voz de Hélia Correia que evoca a ruína da Grécia, abandonada por todos os deuses (sobretudo os deuses da Finança no momento da crise recente). O pesadelo distópico é transmitido pela música de Beethoven, mais precisamente pelo 2o movimento da Terceira Sinfonia, a Marcha Fúnebre, adaptada por Michales Loukovikas, para exprimir o que Hélia Correia designa como a Terceira Miséria (título de um magnífico livro de poesia).⁵ A “terceira miséria” de que fala Hélia Correia, é “a de quem já não ouve nem pergunta” e que corresponde à desumanização do mundo em que vivemos, povoado de sombras, esse mundo que perdeu todo o sentido da hospitalidade – Falamos de sombras é justamente o título deste tema que pertence a uma das mais belas sequências do CD.

⁵ Hélia Correia, A Terceira Miséria, Lisboa, Relógio d’Água, 2012 (com o Partenon na capa).

O terceiro eixo temático deste trabalho aborda por fim a emigração feita da nostalgia que alimenta o cantar do emigrante, onde ouvimos ecos de outros ritmos bem conhecidos, a voz de Violeta Parra, ou os versos de Rosalía de Castro, musicados por José Niza e já cantados por Adriano Correia de Oliveira.

Ao longo do álbum, podemos verificar que a Relação se apresenta como algo de dinâmico que diz o mundo na sua transição entre o interior e o exterior, o subjectivo e o objectivo, o próximo e o distante. Esta Relação é, como afirmava Édouard Glissant, um conhecimento no sentido de um saber acerca de si mesmo e acerca dos outros, quando o artista se abre ao drama do mundo, mas pode também significar um universo onde se inscreve por vezes a Alegria, título de um poema de José Saramago, adaptado por Amélia Muge e António José Martins, baseado numa composição e arranjo de Giorgos Andreou.

A viagem poética e musical converge finalmente numa celebração do mar, espaço do encontro que vai revisitar uma célebre cantiga de amigo de Martim Codax, Ondas do mar de Vigo, cantada em grego por Michales Loukovikas e em português por Amélia Muge, com uma melodia de Rebético de Panaiotis Tountas, música da Relação por excelência. A última sequência de Archipelagos / Passagens projecta-se no futuro pois tal como canta Amélia Muge, “há sempre outro barco a chegar” e “tudo pode acontecer”.

Promenade à Utopia, de Igor Bitman

Para concluir, podemos afirmar que este notável trabalho de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas não pretende apresentar um mundo estático, de conhecimento formal, mas abre-se a um universo de relações e de revelações possíveis. Descobrimos assim o mundo na sua diversidade imprevisível através de uma viagem constituída por múltiplos itinerários que passam pelos lugares que povoam a nossa memória, desenhando um trajecto atento aos dramas da democracia contemporânea, mas também ao milagre sempre renovado da vida, do esplendor da paisagem, do estremecer da esperança. O album trabalha uma Relação constante entre o sujeito, o mundo, a escrita poética e musical, a utopia e a distopia, correspondendo a um percurso emblemático que nos leva a ultrapassar todas as fronteiras, todos os muros, para desenhar uma geopoética da insularidade arquipélica como um colar de ilhas que “estão por nós sempre a chamar” como podemos ouvir na última passagem do disco. Por todas estas razões, pensamos que Archipelagos / Passagens constitui uma bela ilustração do conceito glissantiano de Relação alimentada de mobilidade e de passagens, que incluem o descentramento, o estremecimento, a abertura ao Múltiplo e ao Diverso, mas também um convite à reflexão ética e política, projectando-nos num futuro possível, que deve ter em conta a generosidade da imaginação capaz de transformar o mundo.

● Apresentação de ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens em Paris, Fondation
Calouste Gulbenkian – Délégation en France, 7 de Novembro de 2018.
● Publicado em Limite, Revista de Estudios Portugueses y de
la Lusofonía, Universidad de Extremadura, vol 12.2 / 2018

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/05/20

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MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre ARCHiPELAGOS
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria Graciete Besse: a Portuguese-French writer and poet

Practice of Relation

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Maria Graciete Besse, Professor Emerita, University of Paris IV – La Sorbonne

mariagraciete7@aol.com

Every archipelago thinking is thinking of tremor, of non-presumption, but also of openness and sharing.

Édouard Glissant

Composer, songwriter and singer, Amélia Muge is well known in the Portuguese cultural panorama for the beauty of her lyrics and musical compositions. Born in Mozambique, the artist came to Portugal in 1984. Her first album, entitled Múgica, was released in 1992, followed by Todos os dias (1994). Throughout her career, Amélia Muge has regularly collaborated with José Mário Branco, Fausto, etc., and was awarded the prestigious Zeca Afonso Prize in 1995 for Maio maduro Maio (together with José Mário Branco and João Afonso). She received again this prize in 1998 for the album Taco a Taco, followed by other discs (A Monte, 2000; Não sou daqui, 2007) and numerous participations in national and international festivals. At present, the songwriter continues working with several artists, and composing for well-known fado singers such as Mísia, Camané, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, and many others.

In 2009, Amélia Muge met the singer, composer and instrumentalist Michales Loukovikas, born in Thrace, a specialist in contemporary Hellenic music, especially rebetiko.¹ This meeting, under the auspices of the Internet, proved immediately to be fruitful, actualized in several projects and three albums: a CD-book in Portuguese and Greek (2011), which celebrates the work of the poet Ares Alexandrou, based on a previous work by Michales Loukovikas, entitled O Ouro do Céu (The Gold in the Sky); then Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (2012), considered in Portugal as one of the best albums of the year; and more recently Archipelagos / Passages (2018), which includes a CD and an eBook, where we discover a musical and poetic adventure unfolding between Portugal and Greece, but also open to the wider world. In this work, the two artists celebrate the theme of voyage through different cultures and landscapes, in multiple time and varied space – Portugal, Greece, Macaronesia, South America, the islands of utopia –, proposing a crossed approach, endowed with an original sound that extends the fascinating Luso-Hellenic Wanderings of Periplus, to offer us now some passages that lead us beyond wanderings to new dimensions of the imagination.

¹ A popular genre, marked by the musical heritage of Smyrna (Izmir) and Constantinople (Istanbul), that mainly developed in Hellas during the 1920s, after the Greek refugee waves from Asia Minor.

Endowed with a great literary and musical quality, Archipelagos / Passages consists of 28 routes, distributed in 10 distinct island sequences, presenting itself as a work in the form of an archipelago. The term “archipelago”, as it is made explicit in the eBook (Archipedia) accompanying the CD (with texts in Portuguese, English and Greek), refers to a meaning prevailing in ancient Greece, where it designated the Aegean Sea, later denoting the Aegean Islands, and finally any island group. But the concept of an archipelago presents a high density of poetic connotations, being a tributary, in the Occidental collective imagination, to past centuries’ utopias in which the island appeared isolated. Talking about an archipelago, we can also evoke the ancient culture and, after Hölderlin, all the Hellenic, universal and immortal cultural richness. According to Saint-John Perse (1887-1975), another great poet fascinated by the island universe, there is an atmospheric environment and a psychological base behind the bright screen of the Mediterranean space impregnated with ancient history and civilization. The album of Amelia Muge and Michales Loukovikas opens with this enchanting dimension, emanating from the adaptation of a poem by Hölderlin.

Édouard Glissant, by Jennifer Dionisio

At the centre of the literary and musical universe this work offers, we can easily identify the paradigmatic concept of Relation, developed by the French poet, novelist and philosopher Édouard Glissant (1928-2011), who proposed a rhizomatic poetics open to Diversity as a crossing between a place and the world.² Referring to the crossroads of diverse cultures, the Relation reflects an archipelago thinking, in which the islands cease to mean isolation, opening themselves to the whole world, that is, to a radiating force, opposing the totalitarian concept of closure and intolerance.³ Despite the geographical and cultural differences, we think that in Archipelagos / Passages there are in fact echoes of the work of this great Caribbean poet, mainly due to the sense of a trajectory, a precursor and a crossing, which are at the base of a way of thinking that is opposed to a vision of a closed, unitary world, proposing the stimulating presence of the Diverse, marked by the idea of movement. But, as Édouard Glissant has stressed on several occasions, the Relation does not mean a confused and disorderly mixture of cultures, inasmuch as the Diverse understands the existing differences, adjusting to each other, harmonizing. According to the poet, the Relation has an archipelagic dimension open to passage and to the whole world, a notion that allows conceiving not only politics but also identity, ethics, language and different modes of thinking. In Glissant’s opinion, the scheme of archipelago thinking does not lead to the notion of territory that is defined as a continental notion, because the archipelago is discontinuous, decentralized. In this perspective, the poet-philosopher distinguishes:

● continental thinking identifying with the system, arrogant, made of causal logic that can lead to war;

● and archipelago thinking, which is another way of thinking, more intuitive, more fragile, rhizomatic, associated with the unpredictable of chaos-world, a neologism that characterizes not disorder but the unpredictability.⁴

² According to Édouard Glissant, the Relation is everything that “relates”, in Poétique de la Relation. Poétique III, Paris, Gallimard, 1990, p.187.

³ Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-monde. Poétique IV, Paris, Gallimard, 1997.

⁴ According to Édouard Glissant, the notion of “chaos-world is very precise: it is a cultural mixture, which is not simply reduced to a melting-pot, thanks to which the whole world is realized today.” Introdução a uma poética da diversidade, translated by Enilce do Carmo A. Rocha, Juiz de Fora, UFJF publishers, 2005, p. 98.

The Day of the God, by Paul Gauguin

Poetics of Relation: opacity has the radical potentiality for social movements to challenge and subvert systems of domination. Glissant demands for the “right to opacity”, indicating the oppressed can be opaque, not completely understood, and simply exist as different. The colonizer perceived the colonized as different and unable to be understood, thereby constructing the latter as the Other and demanding transparency so that the former could somehow fit them into their cognitive schema and dominate over them. However, Glissant rejects this transparency and defends opacity and difference because other modes of understanding do exist; he calls for understanding and accepting difference without measuring it to an “ideal scale”, and comparing and making judgments, “without creating a hierarchy” – as Western thought has done.

Rhizome is a philosophical concept developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in their Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972–80). They oppose it to an arborescent (hierarchic, tree-like) conception of knowledge, which works with dualist categories and binary choices. A rhizome works with planar-horizontal and trans-species connections, while an arborescent model works with vertical and linear ones. They use examples from the biological concept of mutualism, in which two different species interact to form a multiplicity. “The rhizome resists the organizational structure of the root-tree system which charts causality along chronological lines, looks for the original source of ‘things’ and towards the pinnacle or conclusion of those ‘things’. A rhizome, on the other hand, is characterized by ‘ceaselessly establishing connections between semiotic chains, organizations of power, and circumstances relative to the arts, sciences, and social struggles.’ Rather than narrativize history and culture, the rhizome presents history and culture as a map or wide array of attractions and influences with no specific origin or genesis, for a ‘rhizome has no beginning or end; it is always in the middle, inter-being, intermezzo.’ The planar movement of the rhizome resists chronology and organization, instead favouring a nomadic system of growth and propagation.”

A surrealistic vision by Haitian artist Vanex Florestant

According to Glissant, archipelago thinking is also thinking of tremor, which is consistent with wandering and open to the future. Thus, shivering or tremor is the quality of what is opposed to the brutal, univocal thinking of oneself without the other, writes the poet, stressing that we need to shiver, because we suffocate in the middle of systemic and arrogant thoughts. We could add that we also need, more and more, spaces of epiphany, as the ones that Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas give us to listen to in this disc that designs unprecedented archipelagos, mobilizes mixed cultures, appealing to a dynamic of unanticipated subjectivations that designate a glance, a voice, a breath, a tradition traversed by multiple passages, fluid and shivering memories, in order to think about the complexity of the world, also inviting us to imagine the Encounter and to foster hope beyond all forms of utopia.

According to Glissant, as well as to Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, the landscape is not just a simple scenario, but an active character in history. Thanks to the poetics of Relation, a part of nature, seen through the human eye, i.e. the landscape chosen according to subjective, emotional and affective parameters, is not only in a horizontal perspective, but designs a vertical profundity that invites us to reflection. Thus, the disc’s first thematic axis proposes a series of landscapes that refer to the beauty of Greece sung by Hölderlin, related to fragments of Orestes, the tragedy of Euripides, composed in 408 BC, evoking pain, sung in ancient Greek by Michales Loukovikas and chorus.

Orestes slaying Aegisthus and Clytemnestra, relief of a sarcophagus (ca 150 CE)

We then identify the presence of two distinct musical universes: the Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal, dating to 1400 BC – discovered in Syria in the 1950s, in the archaeological site of Ugarit – and Acordai (Wake Up), a poem by José Gomes Ferreira, set to music by Fernando Lopes-Graça in the 1940s. The sequence begins as a lullaby that starts from antiquity and reaches our days to awaken our sensitivity and intelligence, and imposes itself as a protest song. Parallel to the literary research of this remarkable musical work, we can speak of an ethical and political dimension in the noblest meaning of the term.

The disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus
designing an itinerary that is projected into the future.

Archipelagos / Passages invites us to a voyage through real and imaginary spaces, proposing a geographical, literary and cultural route that convokes voices as different as those of Sappho, Euripides, Hölderlin, Pessoa, José Gomes Ferreira, Saramago, or even Hélia Correia, which is in the centre of the entire CD. It should also be noted that the disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus designing an itinerary that is projected into the future. The ancient world and the space of the Mediterranean, the closed sea, opens up to the Atlantic and is confounded with the universe of Macaronesia, introduced through a traditional song of the Canaries connected with a song of the Azores and Cape Verdean rhythms in a beautiful tribute to Cesária Évora.

Cesária Évora, by Sersun

We can also observe that all this work is traversed by a fundamental question of Hölderlin, quoted by Hélia Correia: “What is the purpose of the poets in times of such indigence?” This melancholic question, posed in 1800 by the German Romantic poet, underlines the disillusionment of all those who saw the lights of the French Revolution go out in the Reign of Terror. However, Hölderlin does not exactly aim at the disillusioned with history but at those “abandoned by God”, bringing about the spiritual fall, the eclipse of transcendence. Anyway, we should remember that, three years later, the answer to this question arose when Hölderlin underlined the role and responsibility of the artist, stating that “the poets established everything that persists”. In the middle of the 20th century, Adorno evoked the crime against humanity and considered that it would be barbaric to write poetry after Auschwitz. But poetry persisted, as we know, and as is demonstrated by the work of Archipelagos / Passages that celebrates words coming from diverse cultural horizons, to remind us that Hölderlin’s question can be asked again in our days, due to the loss of many values that touch the contemporary world.

Odysseus’ marble statue (ca 1st century BCE) from the Anticythera (ship)wreck discovered by sponge divers near Anticythera in 1900. Statues, coins and other artifacts dating back to the 4th century BCE were found there, as well as the severely corroded remnants of the world’s oldest known analog computer, the Anticythera mechanism.

Archipelagos / Passages, therefore, celebrates a multiple landscape, crosses memories, establishes a dialogue with written and oral tradition, translates the rhythm of languages (Portuguese, Greek, Spanish, English, Creole), makes us listen to the breath that reveals the harmony, pain and violence of history – it is noteworthy that in one of the most beautiful sequences of the album, Amélia Muge dives right into the memory of the words and sings Sappho in ancient Greek, inviting us to travel through time and face the temptation of silence, before convoking an English poem by Fernando Pessoa to insist on the cadence of the hours, showing that time leads us to what Glissant called chaos-world, where we find the shock of contacts, the mixtures between very different realities, the identities and cultures that come into relationship with each other, without losing anything of their originality. This chaos-world is dominated by the sorcerer sea sung in Greek by another collaborator of the CD, Andreas Karakotas, that convokes an excerpt from the already evoked Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal and leads us to an Odyssey where Odysseus is on his way to his island, after a long journey through unknown lands. “Ithaca was everything”, says the poem, but it no longer exists. Odysseus has become a foreigner who takes the form of a beggar, a refugee – we might add today –, a migrant, whom Europe insults and lets him die in this immense cemetery called the Mediterranean. Then we enter a new thematic axis of the disc opposing utopia and dystopia, where the unforeseen, open to wanderings and sometimes to death, is inscribed, like that of Nicolas the fisherman, sung by Michales Loukovikas – the fisherman his mother is waiting for, as she does not know that her son drowned in the sea.

The Raft of the Medusa, by Théodore Géricault (1818-19). The shipwreck shocked everyone as the victims were Europeans (French); it became an oratorio by Hans Werner Henze, and a film by Iradj Azimi. Now that these wrecks concern non-Europeans, they became a routine…

The poetic and musical route opens up, nevertheless, to the vision of a utopia, referring to the famous island invented by Thomas More in 1516, and whose roots are found in Aristotle and Plato. Utopia, as we know, represents something perfect, inseparable from the quest. The political meaning of utopia is related to an imaginary government that is impossible to achieve. The transformation of utopia into dystopia reveals a melancholic tropism that concerns our representation of time and history marked by catastrophe where the dream can be transformed into a nightmare (this catastrophe of which Walter Benjamin, the German Jewish philosopher, spoke in the early 1930s, already sensing the horror of the Holocaust); or into Neverland’s lost kids, sung by Amélia Muge, in a beautiful adaptation of a traditional Thracian rhythm, arranged by António José Martins and Michales Loukovikas.

The question posed by Hölderlin (“What is the purpose of the poets in times of such indigence?”), gains great intensity, like a litany, when it is expressed with Hélia Correia’s voice that evokes the ruin of Hellas, abandoned by all the gods (above all the gods of Finance in the moment of the recent crisis). The dystopian nightmare is transmitted with Beethoven’s music, more precisely the 2nd movement of the Third Symphony, the Funeral March, adapted by Michales Loukovikas, to express what Hélia Correia describes as the Third Misery (title of a magnificent book of poetry).⁵ The “third misery” mentioned by Hélia Correia, is “that of those who just don’t listen nor ask questions… don’t remember”, and corresponds to the dehumanization of the world in which we live, populated by shadows, that world that has lost every sense of hospitality – We Talk About Shadows is rightly the title of this song, in one of the most beautiful sequences in the CD.

⁵ Hélia Correia, A Terceira Miséria, Lisbon, Relógio d’Água, 2012 (with Parthenon on the front cover).

The next thematic axis of this work finally addresses the issue of migration with the nostalgia that fuels the singing of the migrant, where we hear echoes of other well-known tunes, Violeta Parra’s voice, or Rosalía de Castro’s verses, set to music by José Niza and sung by Adriano Correia de Oliveira.

Throughout the album, we can see that the Relation presents itself as something dynamic that reveals the world in its transition between interior and exterior, subjective and objective, near and distant. This Relation, as Édouard Glissant certifies, is a knowledge in the sense of knowing about oneself and about others, when the artist opens himself up to the drama of the world, but it can also mean a universe where Alegria (Jubilation) is sometimes inscribed – it’s the title of a poem of José Saramago, adapted by Amélia Muge and António José Martins, based on a composition and arrangement by Giorgos Andreou.

The poetic and musical voyage finally converges in a celebration of the sea, a meeting space to revisit a celebrated cantiga de amigo (a friend’s song) of Martín Codax, Waves of the Sea of Vigo, sung by Michales Loukovikas (in Greek) and Amélia Muge (in Portuguese), with a melody of rebetiko by Panaiotis Tountas – a music of Relation par excellence. The last sequence of Archipelagos / Passages is projected into the future because, as Amélia Muge sings, “there is always a boat to appear” and “everything will soon converge”.

Promenade à Utopia, by Igor Bitman

In conclusion, we can certify that this remarkable work by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas does not intend to present a static world of formal knowledge, but opens up to a universe of relationships and possible revelations. Thus we discover the world in its unpredictable diversity through a voyage made up of multiple itineraries that pass through places that populate our memory, designing a trajectory attentive to the dramas of contemporary democracy, but also to the ever renewed miracle of life, of the splendour of a landscape, the shivering of hope. The album works on a constant Relation between the subject, the world, poetic and musical writing, utopia and dystopia, corresponding to an emblematic route that leads us to overcome all borders, all walls, to design a geopoetics of archipelagic insularity like a necklace of islands that “are there always calling us”, as we listen to in the last passage of the disc. For all these reasons, we think that Archipelagos / Passages constitutes a beautiful illustration of the Glissantian concept of Relation fed by mobility and passages, which include decentralization, shivering, openness to the Multiple and the Diverse, but also an invitation to an ethical and political reflection that projects us into a plausible future, which must take into account the generosity of an imagination capable of transforming the world.

● Presentation of ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages in Paris, Fondation
Calouste Gulbenkian – Délégation en France, November 7, 2018.
● Published in Limite, Revista de Estudios Portugueses y de
la Lusofonía, Universidad de Extremadura, vol 12.2 / 2018
● Adapted into English: Michales Loukovikas

● See also: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”
● as well as: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “PERIPLUS”

AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens

III. MACARONÉSIA
(Macárōn Nẽsoe: Ilhas afortunadas)

● Ali no meio do mar ● Dança do trigo
● Um gingado lamento

/ENGLISH/ ARCHiPELAGOS • III. MACARONESIA

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ • III. ΜΑΚΑΡΟΝΗΣΙΑ

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens: AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

04. Ali no meio do mar

– Tradicional das Canárias e Açores, Amélia Muge
• Arranjo: António José Martins, A. Muge

“Yo fui nacido en el mar / y mi padrino fué un sargo
y si yo bargo o no bargo / mi padrino lo dirá.”

Parecem sair do nada / ali no meio do mar
traçadas p’la mão das ondas / o que estarão a contar
bailando constroem rondas / de partir e de chegar.

Macaronésia …

É terra que se dizia / estar p’ra lá do fim do mundo
arquipélagos de lava / de medos, sustos, segredos
mas também terra de amores / com seus ais e seus calores.

Mariana da Madeira / sua mãe é argentina
quando visita as Canárias / traz pulseira marroquina.

“Rema que rema / lanchinha dos Açores
Rema para lá lanchinha.
Rema que rema / lanchinha de quatro remos.”

• Canto: A. Muge / Coro: Maria Monda, A. Muge • Braguesa: A. Muge
Clarino: Manos Achalinotópoulos / Contrabaixo: António Quintino / Ney: Harris Lambrakis
Percussão: José Salgueiro, A. Muge / Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violino: Kyriakos Gouventas

●

● Macaronésia: região que resulta do agrupamento de quatro arquipélagos do Atlântico norte, situados frente às costas africana e europeia; é constituída por Açores e Madeira (Portugal), Canárias (Espanha) e Cabo Verde; o nome, que deriva do termo helénico Μακάρων Νῆσοι (Macárōn Nẽsoe, Ilhas Afortunadas ou Ilhas dos Bem Aventurados, presentes nas mitologias grega e céltica), é usado pelos antigos geógrafos para designar as ilhas a oeste do Estreito de Gibraltar (Pilares de Hércules), também chamadas de Elísias; para o poeta grego Hesíodo, estas ilhas eram a materialização dos Campos Elísios, um paraíso na terra, sem inverno, habitado pelos heróis; constava que estes campos se situavam no Oceano ocidental, perto da circular do Rio Oceano (na antiga cosmogonia grega, um extraordinário fluxo de água que circundava o disco plano da terra, fonte de toda água); estas illhas são mencionadas como correspondendo àquela descrição; Estrabão identificou-as como sendo as ilhas das Hespérides (deusas primitivas primaveris, que representam o espírito fertilizador da natureza, donas do jardim com o seu nome, situado no extremo ocidental do mundo).

O Jardim das Delícias Terrenas, de Hieronymus Bosch (tríptico)

05. Dança do trigo

– Tradicional das Canárias, Amélia Muge
• Arranjo: António José Martins, A. Muge

“Don Juan Periñal tiene un arenal
un grano de trigo lo quiere sembrar
lo siembra en la cumbre lo coge en la mar.”

Macaronésia …

“Ansina lo siembra lo labra lo carga
y ansina me enseña mi amor a danzar,
ansina lo aventa lo muele lo come
y ansina me enseña mi amor a danzar.”

Um dragoeiro perdido / no coro da ventania
voou afundou no mar / sabe-se lá o que ouvia
será que foi a Cesária / a razão de querer voar.

Macárōn Nẽsoe…

• Canto: Rita Maria, A. Muge / Coro: Maria Monda, A. Muge, Michales Loukovikas •
Clarino: Manos Achalinotópoulos / Contrabaixo: António Quintino / Ney: Harris Lambrakis
Percussão: José Salgueiro, A. Muge / Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violino: Kyriakos Gouventas

Dragoeiro (Dracaena draco)

●

● Dragoeiro – do grego δράκαινα/δράκος (dragão fêmea/macho), árvore do dragão, dracaena draco (nome científico): planta nativa dos arquipélagos da Macaronésia, de origem antiquíssima (considerada um fóssil vivo); chega a viver centenas anos e a atingir grandes dimensões; a sucessiva destruição do seu habitat torna-a cada vez mais rara sobretudo na Madeira e nos Açores, embora ainda seja relativamente comum nas Canárias (é símbolo da ilha de Tenerife); em Cabo Verde existe sobretudo na ilha de S. Nicolau. As cascas e as folhas, quando cortadas, secretam uma resina translúcida que, ao oxidar, fica cor de sangue e que é uma das fontes de dracenina – sangue de dragão – substância usada para diversos fins como por exemplo para tingir a madeira dos violinos Stradivarius. Diz uma antiga lenda que os dragões, ao morrer, se transformavam nestas belas e misteriosas árvores, que assim deles herdavam os seus místicos poderes. ● Cesária Évora (1941-2011): a mais famosa cantora cabo-verdiana; conhecida como Rainha da Morna e também, por cantar sem sapatos, Diva dos pés descalços; actua desde muito jovem, mas faz uma interrupção de dez anos logo a seguir à independência de Cabo-Verde; aos 47 anos, depois da gravação de um segundo álbum em Paris, torna-se conhecida e reconhecida em todo o mundo; grava cerca de 25 álbuns e colabora noutros; entre as várias homenagens que recebeu destaca-se a medalha portuguesa da Grã-Cruz da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique, um Grammy (2004, melhor álbum de world music contemporânea) e a medalha da Legião de Honra francesa (2009). ● Morna: considerada símbolo nacional de Cabo Verde, é o único género de música e de dança tradicional que consegue ser largamente transversal a grupos etários, época, ilha de origem, classe social ou gosto pessoal; é muitas vezes acompanhada de cavaquinho, clarinete, acordeão, violão, piano e guitarra.

Cesária Évora numa nota de 2000 escudos de Cabo Verde

06. Um gingado lamento

– Amélia Muge
• Arranjo: Michales Loukovikas, António José Martins

Sempre que a morna soa / há uma voz que vem
cantar a terra como magoa / estar longe dela também.

Sempre que a morna soa / há uma voz que vem
cantar a terra, sua beleza / essa riqueza que tem.

Cesária canta na chuva, / e a terra seca sonha,
Cesária canta no vento, / o seu gingado lamento.

Deixai passar…

• Canto: A. Muge / Coro: Maria Monda, A. Muge • Contrabaixo: António Quintino
Guitarra: Dimitris Mystakidis / Ney: Harris Lambrakis / Percussão: José Salgueiro, A. Muge
Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violino: Kyriakos Gouventas

A espiral e a estrela, símbolos dos Guanches, habitantes aborígenes das Canárias relacionados com os berberes

>> ARCHiPELAGOS • IV. PENAS DE AMOR O QUE SÃO?

<< ARCHiPELAGOS • II. CANTOS DA ARGILA

AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages

III. MACARONESIA
(Macárōn Nẽsoe, Fortunate Isles)

● Out There Amid the Sea
● Wheat Dance ● Swinging Lament

/PORTUGUÊS/ ARCHiPELAGOS • III. MACARONÉSIA

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ • III. ΜΑΚΑΡΟΝΗΣΙΑ

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

04. Out There Amid the Sea

– Traditional songs of the Canaries and the Azores, Amélia Muge
• Arranged by António José Martins, A. Muge

“Well, I was born in the sea / and my godfather was a sargo
and if I matter or don’t matter / my godfather’s here to say.”

It seems they came out of nowhere / out there amid the vast sea
drawn by the hand of big waves, / I wonder what they would say,
while dancing they love to make rounds / to depart and to return.

Macaronesia…

A land that people say / is beyond the end of the world,
archipelagos of lava / of fears, frights and enigmas,
but also a land of lovers / with their sighs and affections.

Mariana from Madeira, / her mother’s from Argentina,
when visiting the Canaries / Moroccan bracelets she carries.

“Row in a row, / rowing boat from Azores,
Row far, my little rowing boat.
Row in a row, / rowing boat with four oars.”

• Adapted into English by Michales Loukovikas

• Voice: A. Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda, A. Muge • Braguesa guitar: A. Muge
Clarino: Manos Achalinotópoulos / D. Bass: António Quintino / Ney: Harris Lambrakis
Percussion: José Salgueiro, A. Muge / Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violin: Kyriakos Gouventas

●

● Macaronesia: a group of four archipelagos in the North Atlantic off the coast of Africa and Europe. It consists of the Azores and Madeira, belonging to Portugal, the Canaries, being a part of Spain, and Cape Verde. The name is derived from the Hellenic term Μακάρων Νῆσοι (Macárōn Nẽsoe, or Fortunate Isles, Isles of the Blessed), used by geographers for the Elysian islands to the west of the Pillars of Heracles (Strait of Gibraltar). They were semi-legendary isles in the Western (Atlantic Ocean) near the encircling River Oceanus, a winterless earthly paradise, which for the poet Hesiod were the Elysian Fields, inhabited by Greek heroes. Strabo identified them with the isles of the Hesperides.

The Garden of Earthly Delights, by Hieronymus Bosch (triptych)

05. Wheat Dance

– Traditional song of the Canaries, Amélia Muge
• Arranged by António José Martins, A. Muge

“Don Juan Periñal’s got a sandy land,
a grain of wheat he wishes to sow,
he sows on the hilltop, he reaps in the sea.”

Macaronesia…

“That’s how he sows it, and tills it, and loads it,
and that’s how my love teaches me how to dance.
That’s how he sifts it, and grinds it, and eats it,
and that’s how my love teaches me how to dance.”

A dragon tree that was lost in / the chorus of blowing wind
sprang up and fell in the sea / hearing perhaps, well, who knows,
maybe the voice of Cesária / was the reason why he fell.

Macárōn Nẽsoe…

• Adapted into English by Michales Loukovikas

• Voices: Rita Maria, A. Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda, A. Muge, Michales Loukovikas •
Clarino: Manos Achalinotópoulos / D. Bass: António Quintino / Ney: Harris Lambrakis
Percussion: José Salgueiro, A. Muge / Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violin: Kyriakos Gouventas

Dracaena draco (Dragon tree)

●

● Dragon tree or Dracaena draco (from the Greek δράκαινα δράκος, female/male dragon): a plant native to the archipelagos of Macaronesia. It can live for hundreds of years, producing large trees, but it is vulnerable, due to the destruction of its habitat: it is relatively common in the Canaries, but rare in Madeira and most of the Azores. It is a symbol of the island of Tenerife. ● Cesária Évora (1941 – 2011): a singer from Cape Verde, known as the Queen of Morna and also nicknamed the Barefoot Diva for performing without shoes. She has been the best internationally famous singer of morna, a music and dance genre considered as her homeland’s national music, often played with cavaquinho, clarinet, accordion, violin, piano, and guitar.

Cesária Évora on a 2000 escudos banknote of Cape Verde

06. Swinging Lament

– Amélia Muge
• Arranged by Michales Loukovikas, António José Martins

While listening to a morna / a voice will set the tone
singing of our land and how it feels / to be away from home.

While listening to a morna / a voice will set the tone
singing of our land, her awesome beauty, / her only real gemstone.

Cesária sings while raining, / this arid land starts dreaming,
Cesária sings, winds blowing, / her moving swinging lament.

Oh, let them pass…

• Adapted into English by Michales Loukovikas

• Voice: A. Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda, A. Muge • D. Bass: António Quintino
Guitar: Dimitris Mystakidis / Ney: Harris Lambrakis / Percussion: José Salgueiro, A. Muge
Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violin: Kyriakos Gouventas

The spiral and the star, symbols of the Guanches, the Berber-related aboriginal inhabitants of the Canaries

>> ARCHiPELAGOS • IV. WHAT IS TO SUFFER FROM LOVE?

<< ARCHiPELAGOS • II. SONGS OF CLAY

Navegando para o Rio de Janeiro!

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2013/05/09

Posted in: Voyaging PERIPLUS. Tagged: Açores, Alceu, Alexandria, Amélia Muge, Anatolia, Andaluzia, Andréia Pedroso, Antônio Jardim, Anticítera, Apolo, Artur Gouvêa, Atlântico, Atlântida, Ásia Menor, Índico, Ítaca, Báltico, Brasil, Bretanha, Bronze, Bronzes de Riace, Cabo Verde, Calabria, Calipso, Canárias, Canção, Cassiterides, Cádis, Chipre, Ciência, Cidade, Civilização, Classe social, Cobre, Colombo, Computador analógico, Cornualha, Creta, Cultura, Dante, Divisão do trabalho, Eduardo Gatto, Egipto, Egito, Elísio, Epitáfio de Seikilos, Escandinávia, Escrita, Estanho, Fala, Faraó, Fenícia, Flamenco, Galiza, Gália, Gibraltar, Grécia, Guadalquivir, Hades, Heracles, Heródoto, Hesperides, Hino Délfico, Homero, Iberia, Idade do Bronze, Ideal, Ideia, Ilhas Afortunadas, Ilhas Britânicas, India, Inferno (Divina Comédia), Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Lisboa, Macaronesia, Madeira, Magalhães, Mar Negro, Marselha, Máquina de Anticítera, Música, Música instrumental, Música Surda, Mediterrâneo, Melcarte, Mesomedes, Mesopotamia, Michales Loukovikas, Minoico, Moçambique, Mona Lisa, Nau Victoria, Nemesis, Odisseia, Odisseu, Ortelius, Píteas, Píxis, Púnico, Peloponeso, Pilares de Hércules, Poesia, Portugal, Pyxis, Relógio astronômico, Rio de Janeiro, Roque Gameiro, Safo, Sociedade, Talassocracia, Tartessos, Tecnologia, Tradução, Triângulo das Bermudas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Vikings. Leave a comment

Navegando para o Rio de Janeiro!

/ENGLISH/ Sailing to Rio de Janeiro!
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Πλώρη για Rio de Janeiro!

Museu Afro-Brasileiro

ΙΙΙ Festival

TÃO LONGE, TÃO PERTO

Música e Poesia em Língua Portuguesa

(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Maio de 2013)*

Testemunho para debate de Michales Loukovikas

* O Festival Tão Longe Tão Perto foi organizado em colaboração com o grupo Música Surda: Andréia Pedroso, Antônio Jardim, Artur Gouvêa e Eduardo Gatto.

Quando Amélia Muge e eu começámos a trocar e pesquisar material relacionado com as nossas tradições, a lusitana-portuguesa e a helénica-grega, muitas pessoas ergueram as sobrancelhas com ironia e descrença:

“Ah, eles são loucos”, pensaram, outros até disseram: “Portugal e Grécia são tão distantes, é impossível encontrar uma base comum”…

Imaginem o que dirão estas pessoas de “sobrancelha erguida” agora que estamos falando num triângulo, não o das… Bermudas, mas de Portugal, Brasil e Grécia. Bom, Portugal e Brasil, tudo bem, a relação é evidente: antiga colónia e metrópole. Mas… a Grécia?!!

Flamenco (de Hyatt Moore):
uma arte ligando a Iberia e a India

Posso dizer que os resultados de nossa colaboração até a nós surpreenderam! Devo acrescentar que mesmo a alguém que como eu tem vindo a pesquisar neste campo há muitos anos, concluindo que civilização e cultura são o
resultado do dar e receber, de trocas. Também provei nos meus programas de rádio que lugares tão distantes como Índia e Ibéria por exemplo têm estado interconectados faz milhares de anos, desde os tempos antigos… Bem, quando nós, gregos, dizemos “antigos” significa AEC (antes da era comum) ou AC (antes de Cristo), se preferirem.

Todas essas ideias foram ainda mais reforçadas quando Amélia e eu começamos a trabalhar no Periplus. Claro que mesmo agora ainda há alguns “pontos obscuros”; questões que permanecem sem resposta. É por exemplo uma questão intrigante para mim: como pode a Amélia, uma portuguesa nascida em Moçambique, compor em estilo antigo? Isto porque todos os três temas gregos antigos que temos no Periplus (o Epitáfio de Seikilos, o Primeiro Hino Délfico dedicado a Apolo e o Hino a Némesis de Mesomedes) foram incluídos por causa das composições dela, que me lembraram as canções gregas antigas supra mencionadas. É muito estranho.

Pyxis (Píxis): uma pequena caixa cilíndrica andalusa, de marfim, para cosméticos ou joalharia (séc. X)

Mas fora esses “pontos obscuros”, que sempre nos irão desafiar a encontrar respostas satisfatórias, fomos capazes de organizar o resto do puzzle com algum conforto. E quando o nosso Periplus foi lançado, eu pude dizer:

“As conexões estão aí, esperando por nós para serem descobertas. Só é necessário pesquisar metodicamente, é claro, e com uma bússola adequada” – como vocês dizem, bússula, como nós dizemos.

^(a) Temos a mesma palavra vinda do grego (pyxos > pyxis-pyxida > buxis-buxida > box, boîte, e bussola), com o nome dado à planta pyxos (> buxo) como ponto de partida; é um arbusto de madeira muito dura, compacta e durável que tem sido usada desde a antiguidade para construir recipientes, tais como pyxides (pequenas caixas), e instrumentos musicais de corda e sopro. As suas sementes estão dentro de uma cápsula que também se chama pixídio. De facto, quem dentro dos não-especialistas poderia imaginar que a inglesa box (caixa) tinha tido uma origem grega?

●

Mecanismo de Anticítera

A península grega e o seu arquipélago não foram um começo da história da civilização. Os gregos receberam a sabedoria do Oriente (Ásia Menor, Egipto e Mesopotâmia) e transformaram-na em ciência;^(b) foi um grande feito! E deixaram uma literatura maravilhosa! A civilização helênica tornou-se por isso a base fundadora das culturas ocidentais.

^(b) Não pode existir uma grande civilização sem a tecnologia equivalente. Uma maravilha neste domínio é o Mecanismo de Anticítera, o mais antigo computador analógico, concebido para calcular as posições dos astros. Datado de 100 AC, foi recuperado em 1901 de um navio naufragado perto da Anticítera entre o Peloponeso e Creta, mas o seu significado e complexidade só foram compreendidos um século depois. Dispositivos de um nível correspondente reaparecerão na Europa no séc.14, com a construção dos relógios astronómicos. O professor Michael Edmunds da Universidade de Cardiff, que dirigiu em 2006 um estudo sobre este mecanismo, refere:
“Este mecanismo é simplesmente extraordinário, único dentro deste género. O design é maravilhoso, a astronomia exacta. A forma como foi concebido deixa-nos de queixo caído… Em termos de valor histórico e raridade, sou obrigado a olhar para este mecanismo como sendo mais valioso que a Mona Lisa.”

Victória, a única nau da frota de F. Magalhães que completou o periplus ou circum-navegação à volta da terra (detalhe de um mapa de Ortelius, 1590)

Os periploi (plural de periplus) que chegaram até nós ocorreram no mar Mediterrânico e nos oceanos Índico e Atlântico. Heródoto também escreveu sobre um périplo por África feito pelos fenícios em nome de um faraó egípcio. Um grego de Alexandria (Egipto) descreveu as costas do Oceano Índico na África do leste e Índia. Píteas, da colónia grega de Massália (moderna Marselha, França) viajou pelo norte até às Ilhas Britânicas e Escandinávia e concluiu um periplus europeu navegando através dos rios da Europa do Báltico ao Mar Negro, voltando ao Mediterrâneo. Há também quem acredite que os minoicos cretenses, os gregos, os egípcios, os púnicos e outros povos da antiguidade navegaram até ás Américas antes dos vikings ou de Colombo – ou, é claro, de Fernão de Magalhães que tentou um periplus à volta da terra mas não teve a sorte de concluí-lo.

Mas essas viagens começaram na Idade do Bronze, muito antes dos registos históricos. Há muitos indícios de que os minóicos na época do seu domínio marítimo (talassocracia) viajaram até á Cornualha (Bretanha) à procura de estanho, ou obtinham-no no sul da Gália. O estanho é um componente necessário ao fabrico do bronze (10% de estanho com 90% de cobre). Havia naquela época muito cobre no Mediterrâneo. Chipre por exemplo estava cheio de cobre e o nome desta ilha tem origem nesta palavra. Mas estanho? Não havia muitos lugares no Mediterrâneo que o tivessem e os que o tinham era em pouca quantidade.

Andaluzia com Tartessos e Gadir-Gadeira-Gades-Cádis, uma colónia fenícia em três ilhas com nomes gregos: Erytheia, Kotinoussa e Antipolis, enquanto Melcarte, o deus tutelar, se assemelha a Héracles, o fundador da cidade segundo um mito grego…

Os minoicos e mais tarde os gregos e os fenícios, navegaram até á Ibéria que era rica em minerais. Muito provavelmente teriam sido os andaluzes a levar os cretenses até à Galiza, Bretanha e Cornualha: eles sabiam o caminho… Todos esses lugares, especialmente a Cornualha, possuíam grandes depósitos de estanho. Lá, perto da Galiza, ou talvez da Cornualha, estariam as chamadas Cassitérides Nesoi, as Ilhas de Estanho (cassiteros significa estanho em grego). Heródoto e outros historiadores escreveram também sobre as ligações dos gregos e fenícios com Tartessos na Andaluzia, na foz do Guadalquivir, e há quem nos dias de hoje correlacione Tartessos com a misteriosa Atlântida…

●

Uma das duas famosas estátuas gregas de tamanho inteiro de guerreiros barbudos despidos, as chamadas Bronzes de Riace, fundidas em cerca de 460-450 AC, redescobertas em 1972 e consideradas como um dos símbolos da Calábria

A minha investigação começou com algumas perguntas muito simples:

• Aonde é que a Idade do Bronze Mediterrânica encontrou estanho para produzir o bronze?

• Quem foram os comerciantes marítimos desse tempo a trazer este metal crucial para o Mediterrâneo e onde é que o encontraram?^(c)

^(c) Podem consultar detalhes desta saga no blogue de Periplus, na categoria Once Upon a… Wave, nas Crónicas de 1 a 10: tendo como ponto de partida um Périplo mediterrânico; deambula-se pela Creta minóica, pela Grécia micénica, pela Fenícia; desvenda-se o Enigma dos Povos do Mar; descobre-se o “El Dorado” na Ibéria; Revivendo um Périplo ibérico; e observa-se os esforços para Restringir a liberdade de pensamento, bem como a catástrofe de Tartesso e Cartago (“Carthago Delenda Est”), enquanto se vê a Ibéria com olhos imparciais, e se tiram conclusões a partir de um Waterloo arquelógico.

A conclusão é que certas necessidades levam as pessoas a viver em conjunto, a comunicar, a fazer trocas entre elas. Foi assim que a sociedade nasceu, as cidades foram criadas, apareceram as classes e a divisão social do trabalho, e a escrita foi inventada. A interacção embora ligada a necessidades materiais transformou os que trabalharam em conjunto também pela troca de ideias e ideais, processo que está na base do nascimento da civilização e da cultura.

Safo e Alcaeu, de Lawrence Alma-Tadema

Não é assim tão óbvio, mas temos também coisas como um “periplus” noutros empreendimentos humanos. A música nasceu em conjunto com a fala. Num estado mais avançado, na Grécia antiga, música significava quer o instrumental quer a canção. A poesia na Grécia clássica era inconcebível sem música. As duas artes acabaram… por divorciar-se mais tarde, no séc. 4 AC. Contudo, quer antes, quer depois, foi necessário (e ainda é) um “periplus” para combinar sons e palavras, e para expressar o significado das palavras através dos sons. Algo parecido acontece na tradução: neste caso, o “periplus” diz respeito a duas linguagens. É a viagem do texto, o seu sentido e estilo, conteúdo e forma, ao ser adaptado para que comece a respirar num outro ambiente linguístico…

●

A Odisseia é uma espécie de “periplus” poético. De acordo com os Lusitanos, as deambulações de Odisseu( Ulisses) foram também luso-gregas: ele fundou Lisboa e teve um filho de uma princesa Ibérica: Calipso. Homero descreveu a descida de Odisseu ao Hades, o mundo dos mortos, que estava para lá dos Pilares de Hércules, quer dizer, o Estreito de Gilbraltar. Os gregos localizaram na mesma área o Jardim das Hespérides e as Ilhas Afortunadas (Makaron Nesoi), as Ilhas Bem Aventuradas ou o Elísio, onde hoje se pensa ser a Macaronésia (Açores, Madeira, as Canárias e Cabo Verde).

Dante, no seu Inferno, cita outra versão da descida sem retorno de Odisseu ao mundo dos mortos. Segundo ele, o rei de Ítaca passou os Pilares de Hércules e velejando para sul, atravessou o Equador e continuou a viajar durante meses, até chegar a uma baía com uma grande montanha. Nessa altura, um tornado afundou o seu barco…

Não sei porquê, mas acho que essa baía com uma grande montanha é… o Rio de Janeiro! Eu gostaria de poder confirmá-lo…

Chronicle 15. SAILING TO RIO DE JANEIRO!

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2013/04/19

Posted in: CASSITERIDES archipelago. Tagged: Achaeans, Acheron, Aeaea, Aegean, Aeneas, Aeolis, Aeolus, Albert Lord, Albion, Alcinous, Altiplano, Amazon, Amélia Muge, Analog computer, Anatolia, Andalusia, Andréia Pedroso, Antônio Jardim, Antikythera mechanism, Antikythera wreck, Apollo, Apollodorus, Apollonius of Rhodes, Archipelago, Argonauts, Aristotle, Armin Wolf, Artur Gouvêa, Asia Minor, Astronomical clock, Athena, Athenaeus, Azores, Balearics, Baltic, Bay of Fundy, Bergen, Brittany, Bronze, Bronze Age, Brutus, Cadiz, Calabria, Calypso, Canaries, Cape Maleas, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Cassiterides, Catanzaro, Cephalonia, Charybdis, Chios, Christine Pellech, Cicones, Circe, Colchis, Columbus, Copper, Cornwall, Crete, Critias, Cyclades, Cyclopes, Cythera, Dante, Dardanelles, Delos, Delphic Hymns, Demetris Michalopoulos, Diana, Diodorus Siculus, Dulichium, Ecumene, Eduardo Gatto, Egypt, Elysium, Enrico Mattievich, Epic of Gilgamesh, Epitaph, Erich von Däniken, Euhemerism, Euhemerus, Eumaeus, Euxine, Exchange, F. J. Wil, Faroe Islands, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Felice Vinci, Flanders, Florida, Fortunate Isles, Frisia, Gaius Julius Solinus, Galicia, Gaul, Geoffrey of Monmouth, German nationalism, Gilgamesh, Gog Magog, Golden Fleece, Gorgon, Gothicism, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Greek, Guadalete, Gulf of Finland, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf Stream, Hades, Hans Steuerwald, Hebrides, Heinrich Schliemann, Heligoland, Helios, Hellenes, Hellenic, Henriette Mertz, Hermes, Herodotus, Hesiod, Hesperides, Historia Regum Britanniae, Homer, Hyperborea, Iberia, Iliad, Iman Wilkens, Indian subcontinent, Inferno, Ioannis Kakridis, Ionia, Ios, Isaac Newton, Ismarus, Ithaca, Jerez de la Frontera, Johannes Kepler, John Bennett, John Milton, Julius Caesar, Jurgen Spanuth, Jutland, Karel Jozef de Graeve, Karl Bartholomäus, Karl Penka, Karlskrona, Kutaisi, Laestrygonians, Levant, Lofoten, Lotus, Lotus-eaters, Louis XIV, Luís de Camões, Lusitania, Lusitanic, Macaronesia, Madeira, Magellan, Magna Graecia, Mallorca, Marañon, Marcellinara, Marseille, Martin West, Música Surda, Mediterranean, Menestheus, Mesomedes, Mesopotamia, Michael Edmunds, Michales Loukovikas, Milman Parry, Minoan, Minyans, Moly, Mona Lisa, Montesquieu, Mycenae, Nausicaa, Nemesis, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Odysseus, Odyssey, Ogygia, Olaus Rudbeck, Orpheus, Otto Zeller, Pactolus, Pelasgians, Peloponnese, Pere Antoni Beuter, Periplus, Phoenicia, Pillars of Hercules, Pindar, Plato, Plutarch, Polyphemus, Portuguese, Poseidon, Ptolemy, Puerto Rico, Punic, Pytheas, Pyxis, Río de la Plata, Republic of Letters, Rhapsode, Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta, Rhodes, Rioni, Robert Charroux, Roque Gameiro, Royal Society, Rungholt, Sargasso, Scheria, Scylla, Scythia, Sea peoples, Seikilos epitaph, Sesostris, Shetland, Sicily, Siduri, Siegfried Petrides, Silius Italicus, Siren, Smyrna, Solon, South Funen, Spanish colonization of the Americas, St Michael’s Mount, Star chart, Strabo, Strait of Gibraltar, Strait of Magellan, Tacitus, Tagus, Tartessos, Telemachus, Telepylos, Thalassocracy, Thames, Thamyris, Théophile Cailleux, Thrinacia, Thule, Tin, Tiresias, Tiriolo, Titicaca, Tiwanaku, Tiwanaku empire, Trojan War, Troy, Ucayali, Uppsala, Ursa Major, Vikings, Virgil, Where Troy Once Stood, Wilhelm Dörpfeld, William Bedell Stanford, Zakynthos, Zeus. Leave a comment

ii) INTERLUDE

Crossing the Atlantic

Chronicle 15. SAILING TO RIO DE JANEIRO!

● Periplus: (Luso-Hellenic Wanderings) ● An Atlantic Odyssey

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΠΛΩΡΗ ΓΙΑ RIO DE JANEIRO!
/PORTUGUÊS/ NAVEGANDO PARA O RIO DE JANEIRO!

Afro-Brazilian Museum

ΙΙΙ Festival

SO DISTANT
SO NEAR

Music and Poetry in the
Portuguese Language

Federal University of
Rio de Janeiro, May 2013

Tão Longe Tão Perto Organized in collaboration with the ensemble Música Surda: Andréia Pedroso, Antônio Jardim, Artur Gouvêa and Eduardo Gatto.

Michales Loukovikas

WHEN AMÉLIA MUGE AND I BEGAN researching and exchanging recorded material from our traditions, the Lusitanic–Portuguese and the Hellenic–Greek, several people raised ironically their brows:

“Oh, they are loucos”, they thought – some even said. “Portugal and Greece are so far apart. Impossible to find common ground”…⁽¹⁾

⁽¹⁾ Imagine what people with “raised brows”, just like them, will say now that we are talking about a triangle (not that of… Bermuda): Portugal, Brazil and Greece. Well, Portugal and Brazil, OK, the relation is too obvious: former metropolis and colony; but what about Greece?(!)

● This text was presented during the festival Tão longe, tão perto, in Rio de Janeiro.

I confess that our collaborative results astonished even us! Or even me, I should add, that I have been researching this field for years, arriving to the conclusion that civilization, culture, is the result of give and take, of exchange. I have also shown during my radio program (Mediterranean periplus, 9.58 fm, ERT3) that lands located so far apart, like, say, India and Iberia, have been interconnected for thousands of years, since ancient times…⁽²⁾

⁽²⁾ “Ancient” for the Hellenes means BCE (before the Common Era), or BC (before Christ), if you like.

Flamenco (by Hyatt Moore): an exciting art
interconnecting Iberia and India

All these ideas were further reinforced when Amélia and I started working on Periplus.⁽³⁾ For sure, there are some “dark spots” still now; questions that remain unanswered. A big question for me e.g. is: how can Amélia, a Portuguese born in Mozambique, compose in an ancient style? You see, all three themes of ancient Grecian music and poetry we have in Periplus (Seikilos’ Epitaph, the First Delphic Hymn to Apollo, probably by Athenaeus, and Mesomedes’ Hymn to Nemesis) were included after certain compositions of hers reminded me of these ancient Hellenic songs. It’s very strange, indeed.

⁽³⁾ It’s not so obvious but there is something like a “periplus” in different human endeavours, too. Music was born together with speech. In an advanced stage, in ancient Hellas, music was either instrumental or song. Poetry was inconceivable without music in classical Greece. The two arts got… divorce later, in the 4th century BCE. However, either before or after, a “periplus” was (and still is) needed to combine sounds with words, and express the meaning of the words through sounds. Something similar happens in a translation: then the “periplus” concerns two tongues. It is the voyage of a text, of its meaning and style, content and form, while it is adapted in order to start breathing in another language environment.

Andalusian ivory cylindrical pyxis,
i.e. a box to keep precious cosmetics
or jewelery (10th century)

However, apart from these “dark spots”, which will always challenge us to come up with some satisfactory answers, we were soon able to assemble the rest of the puzzle rather easily. And when our Periplus was released, I could say:

“You know, the links are there, waiting for us to bring them to light. One only needs to search, of course, methodically, with a proper compass – a bússula, as we say in Greek, or bússola, as you say in Portuguese”.⁽⁴⁾

⁽⁴⁾ We have the same word coming from Greek (pyxos > pyxis-pyxida > buxis-buxida > box, boîte, and bussola), with the plant pyxos (> boxwood) as a starting point; this hard, compact, durable wood has been used since ancient times to construct vessels, such as pyxides, and also musical (string and wind) instruments. Note that its seeds are kept in a capsule also called pyxis. Indeed, who among the non-specialists would ever imagine that the English box is of a Greek origin?

Anticythera Mechanism

The Mediterranean and the Oecumene beyond

THE GREEK PENINSULA AND ARCHIPELAGO was not a beginning in world history. The Hellenes received much wisdom from the Orient (Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Egypt) and turned it into science;⁽⁵⁾ it was a great feat! What they left behind was a marvelous literature – uma literatura maravilhosa, indeed! Thus the Hellenic civilization became the foundation of the Occidental cultures.

⁽⁵⁾ There can be no great civilization without equivalent technology. A marvel in this domain is the Anticythera mechanism, the earliest analogue computer designed to calculate astronomical positions. Dated to c. 100 BCE, it was recovered in 1901 from a wreck between the Peloponnese and Crete, but its significance and complexity were not understood until a century later. Devices of a comparable level would reappear in the 14th century CE in Europe, with the construction of astronomical clocks. Professor Michael Edmunds of Cardiff University, who led a 2006 study of the mechanism, said:

“This device is just extraordinary, the only thing of its kind. The design is beautiful, and the astronomy is exactly right. The way the mechanics are designed just makes your jaw drop. In terms of historic and scarcity value, I have to regard this mechanism as being more valuable than the Mona Lisa.”

Victoria, the sole ship of Magellan’s fleet to complete the world’s periplus (detail from a map of Ortelius, 1590)

The extant peripli took place on the Mediterranean, the Indian and the Atlantic Oceans. Herodotus wrote about a periplus of Africa by Phoenicians on behalf of an Egyptian pharaoh. Some Greek from Alexandria, Egypt, described the Indian Ocean coasts of eastern Africa and India. Pytheas, from the Hellenic colony of Massalia (modern Marseille, France), voyaged north to the British Isles and also Scandinavia, and concluded a periplus of Europe sailing via European rivers from the Baltic to the Black Sea and back to the Mediterranean. There are people who believe that the Minoan Cretans, the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Phoenicians and Punics, and other ancient peoples, such as the Chinese, sailed to the Americas long before the Vikings, Columbus – or, of course, Magellan, who attempted a periplus of the Earth but was not fortunate enough to conclude it.

Hence these voyages started long before recorded history, in the Bronze Age. There are historical clues that the Minoans, in the time of their Thalassocracy, travelled as far as Cornwall, Britain, in search of tin – or else, they obtained this important metal at harbours in southern Gaul. Tin is a necessary component of bronze (±90% copper plus ±10% tin). There were vast quantities of copper in the Mediterranean. Cyprus e.g. was full of copper and the name Cyprus comes from copper (and vice versa). But tin? There were very few places with tin in the Mediterranean and in limited quantities.

The Minoans, and later the Greeks and Phoenicians, sailed initially to Iberia that was rich in these minerals. The Andalusians probably led the Cretans to Galicia, Brittany and Cornwall: they knew the way… These places, especially Cornwall, had massive tin deposits. There, close to Galicia, or even Cornwall, were the so-called Cassiterides Nēsoe, the Tin Isles (tin is cassíteros in Greek). Herodotus and other historians wrote also about the links of the Hellenes and Phoenicians with Tartessos, at the mouth of the Guadalquivir, and several people now correlate the legendary Andalusian city with the elusive Atlantis.

Tartessos – identified here with Sanlúcar de Barrameda (?) – and Gadeira-Gadir-Gades-Cádiz, on three islets with Greek names (Erytheia, Kotinoussa and Antipolis), outside the Pillars of Heracles,
the Strait of Gibraltar, in the Sea of Darkness, the Atlantic

Critical questions as the starting point of the research

MY RESEARCH, in the first part we have already voyaged, aimed at that complacent Greek highbrow “hot air”, summed up in the phrase “our own Orient” (see Chronicle 6, footnote 1). So, I raised that vast “Indo-Iberian arc” to demarcate the Mediterranean historical and cultural space. The starting point in the second part was these simple questions that had to be answered:

● Where did the Bronze Age Mediterranean find tin to produce bronze?

● Who were the established maritime traders of the time to bring this most crucial metal to the Mediterranean, as tin was rare around the basin?

I attempt to give some answers in the 2nd part, Cassiterides Archipelago: sailing to Tartessos, following the 1st part, Mediterranean Periplus: in Search of Orpheus. (Hellenic) music is my focus in the 1st part; (Mediterranean) history in the 2nd.

One of the Riace Bronzes, two Greek full-size nude warriors (ca 460–450 BCE), recovered in 1972, considered as a symbol of Calabria.

Α. Mediterranean Periplus, in Search of Orpheus

Prologue. Before Sailing Off
1. The Universal Mediterranean
2. It All Started Here…
3. A Chronicle of the Humans
4. On Democracy
5. Iberia’s Odyssey
6. Indo-Iberian Arc (Jondo)
7. Indo-Iberian Arc (Duende)
8. A Hybrid’s Hybris…
9. The Celebrated Tríchordon
10. The… “Sun Language”
11. “Music Is Thracian and Asian”
12. “Do Not Maltreat Our Music!”
13. Professionals or Amateurs?
14. Music Made of Body and Soul

Β. Cassiterides Archipelago, Sailing to Tartessos

15. Sailing to Rio de Janeiro!
16. Mediterranean Periplus-Paraplus
17. Minoan Cretan Thalassocracy
18. Aegean: Knossos, Mycenae, Troy
19. Phoenicia’s Stroke of Fortune
20. The Enigmatic Sea Peoples
21. Iberian “El Dorado”
22. Iberian Periplus Revival
23. The Genocide of the Hellenes
24. The Triumph of Cretinism
25. “Carthago Delenda Est!”
26. Iberian Cross-Check
27. An Archaeologist’s Waterloo

Appendix: 28. The Making of the Mediterranean Periplus | 29. Biblio – Disco – Graphy | 30. Michales Loukovikas – bio.

A general conclusion is that certain needs motivated humans to live together, to communicate, to exchange. That’s how society was born, the cities were created, the classes and division of labour emerged, and writing was invented. People’s coordinated interaction concerned material needs but transformed at the same time all those who worked together, exchanging ideas or ideals; it was a process that led to the birth of culture, of civilization.

Homer’s Odyssey periplus

HOMER’S ODYSSEY IS A POETIC PERIPLUS. According to the Lusitanians, Odysseus’ wanderings were Luso-Hellenic, as well: he founded Lisbon and had a child with the princess of Iberia, Calypso. Homer described Odysseus’ descent into the Hades, the underworld, which was outside the Pillars of Heracles, that is, the Strait of Gibraltar. The Hellenes located in the same area the Garden of the Hesperides or the Makarōn Nēsoe, i.e. the Fortunate Isles, the Islands of the Blessed, or Elysium, what today is thought to be Macaronesia (the Azores and Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde).

Strabo and Solinus said that Odysseus, after the fall of Troy, navigated westward to Lusitania, founded Lisbon, and then desired to try his fortune on the Atlantic – where he disappeared, with no trace left behind. This is a version of Odysseus’ story mentioned also by Pere Antoni Beuter, a Valencian historian, who referred to Dante Alighieri, saying he shared this view. Indeed, in his Inferno, the Italian poet described Odysseus’ descent into the underworld with no return. The king of Ithaca, he wrote, went out of the Pillars of Hercules, sailed south, crossed the Equator, and then continued voyaging for months, until he reached a bay with a big mountain. Then, a tornado sank his boat; everybody drowned there.

I really don’t know why, but I feel this bay with the big mountain is… the River of January: Rio de Janeiro! I would really love to confirm that…

Aquarela de Alfredo Roque Gameiro (1864-1935) lisboa antiga

The siege of Lisbon, by Roque Gameiro (1917)

Appendix: An Atlantic Odyssey

● A modern Greek Homerist, Iohannis Kakridís, argues that the Odyssey is a work of poetry and not a travel log (i.e. a navigator’s periplus). According to W. B. Stanford, Cape Maleas and the nearby island of Cythera, where Odysseus met storms (see the Odyssey, book 9), are “the last clearly identifiable places in his wanderings. After this he leaves the sphere of Geography and enters Wonderland” – a wander in wonders!

Nevertheless, due to the great impact of the Homeric epics, the attempt to work out “a Geography of the Odyssey” started as early as Hesiod, a Homer’s contemporary most probably, and by the Hellenistic period, the literature on the subject had really thrived. There were even passionate debates among the scholars whether Odysseus’ wanderings were confined within the Mediterranean, or if they indeed expanded into the Atlantic – indicating that for them the ocean was not a “terra” (mare) incogita.

Sappho and Alcaeus, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema

Despite that, other scholars, turned against this euhemerism –⁽⁶⁾ or even against the great rhapsode. The mythographer-grammarian Apollodorus of Athens (2nd century BCE) wrote that Homer imagined the wanderings as having taken place in a kind of fairyland in the Atlantic. Strabo (1st centuries BCE-CE) thought that at least Ogygia and Scheria, the islands of Calypso and Nausicaa respectively, were “imagined in fantasy” as being in the Atlantic – so, they both mentioned the Atlantic! In addition, he insisted that any hypothesis at all, no matter how outrageous, is more plausible than saying “I do not know”… Yet, Eratosthenes (3rd – 2nd centuries BCE) remarked rather sarcastically: “You will find the scene of the wanderings of Odysseus when you find the cobbler who sewed up the bag of the winds.”

⁽⁶⁾ Euhemerism: from the mythographer of Sacred History, Euhemerus: a view that the gods have been deified humans and that the myths have a historical basis.

Plutarch (1st – 2nd centuries CE) was sure Ogygia was in the Atlantic, and specifically west of Britain. Additionally, he repeated what Plato had described as a continent on the other side of the Atlantic, claiming that from this continent Ogygia was about 900 kilometres distant. The German astronomer Kepler (1571 – 1630) estimated that this “great continent” was America and attempted to locate Calypso’s island.

Map of Rio de Janeiro (Dutch Atlas 1600)

● In her research entitled The Wine Dark Sea (1964), the American Henriette Mertz argued that Circe’s island was Madeira, Calypso’s island one of the Azores, while the intervening voyages recorded a discovery of North America: Scylla and Charybdis were in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, Canada, while Scheria, the Phaeacians’ land, was in the Caribbean, in the Gulf of Mexico, possibly in Florida. Such travels were done with the help of sea currents she studied. It was them, mainly the (Mexican) Gulf Stream, which took Odysseus to the Sirens (Haiti or Cuba, and to the Island of the Sun, of Helios (Nova Scotia or Newfoundland).

Enrico Mattievich, an Italian-Peruvian retired Professor of Physics from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (where our festival took place), “brought” Odysseus to South America, proposing that his journey to the Underworld actually took place there. The river Acheron is the Amazon, he argued in his Journey to the Mythological Inferno (1992). After a long voyage upstream, Odysseus met the spirits of the dead at the confluence of the rivers Marañon and Ucayali – i.e. at the starting point of the Amazon.

Another study connected to that of Mertz’s is Siegfried Petrides’ Odyssey – a Naval Epic of the Greeks in America (1994). Grecian literature is full of references about the geographical and astronomical knowledge of the Hellenes, which allowed them to use the constellations for directions. Petrides’ long experience as a sailor allowed him to confirm, or even clarify, Mertz’s conclusions, providing extra details on the wind directions, sea routes, islands, etc. A clarification is that ancient Greek sailors did not rely on mere chance to reach America but had fast and versatile vessels that could easily cross the Atlantic. They also knew perfectly well how to combine and take advantage of both the sails and the rows, thus covering very long distances.

Demetris Michalópoulos, of the Institute of Hellenic Maritime History, described a Peripeteia [Adventure] in the Atlantic: Ulysses’ voyages between Europe and America – referring also to Petrides. His anything but controversial starting point is the coast of Libya, the land of the Lotophagi. His next stop, the land of the Cyclopes, seems to be nearby: Sicily or somewhere in Magna Graecia, according to the prevailing opinion in late antiquity. All the same, there is no mention to Italy in the Homeric text. The only information given by Homer is that, in the past, the Cyclopes were neighbours of the Phaeacians in the “immense Hyperia”. Yet, the latter were compelled to migrate to Scheria, because the Cyclopes were anything but friendly… But where was Hyperia located? If we now accept what we have just rejected, i.e. the prevailing opinion in late antiquity, the Cyclopes lived in the Mediterranean near the Laestrygonians. In the Homeric text, there are some indications about the Laestrygonians’ land: “the outgoings of the nights and of the days are close together”… Michalópoulos supposes that the Laestrygonians lived in a region where, in summer, the days are very long and the nights very short, that is, in Scandinavia. He also refers to Tacitus, who wrote that Odysseus reached at least Germany. Hence Hyperia was somewhere there. Yet, there is a “little problem”: between the Cyclopes and the Laestrygonians, Odysseus voyaged to Aeolia that, although “floating”, is identified most possibly with Mallorca. But a return trip between Scandinavia and the Balearics is… a little too much!

Then we set sail to America. Circe’s Aeaea, the Underworld, the Hesperides and the Gorgons were all in the “remote West”, according to Hesiod. Ogygia, wrote Plutarch, was five days away from Britain. Arriving there, one must navigate through “a heavy sea, muddy and agitated by currents”. Such a place can be the Sargasso Sea, in the North Atlantic Ocean, where Bermuda may be the location of the isle of Calypso. The nymph instructed Odysseus to sail with the Ursa Major constellation on his left. After eighteen days, he reached Scheria, possibly in Iberia. Ithaca’s king and other Trojan War heroes had made their presence felt in the peninsula. According to Strabo, even a town therein was named after Odysseus. There is a tradition, as well, adopted by Camões, that the etymon of Lisbon is Ulysses, i.e. the Latin form of the name of our hero. Hence the “Homeric” river of the Phaeacians is the Tagus, whose bed was so rich in precious metals that it was described as “equivalent to the Pactolus”, the well-known gold river of Asia Minor (Silius Italicus).

Odysseus may not have been the first Greek (or European) to step on American soil: according to Mertz, some time before the Trojan War and the Odyssey, circa 1300 (or 1225) BCE,⁽⁷⁾ the Argonauts travelled across the Atlantic Ocean, thanks to the Gulf Stream, crossed the Sargasso Sea (Apollonius of Rhodes’ “floating islands”) and then touched at Puerto Rico. They sailed southwards by South America, past the mouth of the Amazon and Rio de Janeiro until the Río de la Plata of Argentina, and, following it upstream, reached the altiplano of Bolivia arriving at Colchis, or Tiwanaku, where the Golden Fleece was kept. Centuries later Tiwanaku became the cultural, religious, cosmological and commercial centre of a pre-Columbian Empire extending around Lake Titicaca in present-day western Bolivia, southern Peru and northern Chile from 300 to 1150 CE. But this area must have been inhabited as early as 1500 BCE.⁽⁸⁾

⁽⁷⁾ Michalópoulos (The Argonauts in the Black Sea) moves the expedition to a distant past in the first half of the 19th century BCE. In very ancient times, he says, “voyages were longer and more venturesome than those in late antiquity”, while “the Euxine had been a center of international trade”. The Argonauts were Minyans, the most prominent tribe of the Pelasgians. The latter are presented as ancestors of the Hellenes, colonizers of the Black Sea, and also of Italy, inventors of the alphabet – a civilizing people.

⁽⁸⁾ Both the expedition of the Argonauts and the Trojan War that followed aimed at the control of the Black Sea by the Hellenes. The legend of the Golden Fleece was based on a practice of the local tribes: they would place a lamb’s fleece at the bottom of a stream to entrap gold dust that was washed down from upstream. In some regions this practice is still now in use. The capital of Colchis, Aea (Kutaisi), is said to have been one of many cities that were founded in Eurasia by Egyptians. This account is combined with one by Herodotus, citing Egyptian priests. Their story was about the legendary pharaoh Sesostris, who once led an army north through the Levant and Asia Minor, all the way to Colchis. He settled colonists there, at the river Phasis (modern Rioni), and then he turned westward across southern Russia, and south through Romania and Bulgaria, until he reached eastern Hellas, from where he returned home. Herodotus cautioned that much of this account came second hand via Egyptian priests, but also noted that the Colchians were commonly known to be Egyptian colonists. According to Strabo and Diodorus Siculus, Sesostris conquered the whole world, from Ethiopia in the South, to Scythia in the North – or, who knows, even South America in the West!

● Some writers interpret the Homeric epics as “British ballads” or “Viking sagas”, and in this way pass off their North-to-South cultural-transmission theory. Such pseudo-theories are centuries older than German nationalism, and definitely inspire all the Northerners – who may figure out they are descendants of the “Hyper-Northerners”, the Hyperboreans!⁽⁹⁾ The idea that the inspiration for Plato’s Atlantis can be found in the Baltic was the… “grandfather” of all these books. In the “heroic” 17th century of Sweden, the foremost champion was the all-round Renaissance scholar (astronomer, physician, “archaeo-historian”, and even more) Olaus or Olof Rudbeck, who caused consternation with his mammoth, 2,500-page work, Atland eller Manheim, translated into Latin for scholarly use as Atlantica. He claimed there, among other things, that the oldest district of his home town, Uppsala, was the centre of “lost Atlantis”; thus – by the extravagant logic of cultural diffusion – Sweden was the cradle of western civilization going back to Adam and Eve! Despite ridicule from his local university colleagues (who also accused him of forgery), he was turned into a national icon – and not only: he was admired at the court of Louis “l’état c’est moi!”, proposed as a member of the Royal Society in London, celebrated in cafés, salons, and academies across the cosmopolitan “Respublica literaria”, and read avidly by Montesquieu and Leibniz, while Isaac Newton wrote to request… a personal copy of Atlantica! After his death, Swedish monarchs would be crowned over his grave! He had fanatic followers and became the subject of a satiric illustration, captioned: “The archaeologist Olof Rudbeck (1630-1702) reveals his ‘Predecessors’ – Hesiod, Plato, Aristotle, Apollodorus, Tacitus, Odysseus, Ptolemy, Plutarch and Orpheus – the ‘Truth’ about Atlantis”…

⁽⁹⁾ Along with Thule, the Hyperborean land was among several terrae incognitae to the ancients. The Hyperboreans were a race of giants, three metres high, enjoying lives of sheer happiness and living to the age of one thousand! The sun was supposed to rise and set there only once a year – hence living a thousand days would be the same as living a thousand years! This also, to modern ears, suggests a possible location within the Arctic Circle. They were the most blessed of peoples, living in a perfect land, located “beyond Boreas”, the North Wind. The coldness of the northern countries was due to the cold breath of this wind. Thus the land “beyond Boreas” was a warm and sunny land! Besides, the only one among the Olympians, who was venerated there, was Apollo: the Hellenes thought he spent his winter there. The giants reciprocated by sending their delegation and offerings to his sacred Aegean island, Delos! Pindar sang of “the marvellous road to the assembly of the Hyperboreans: Never the Muse is absent | from their ways: lyres clash and flutes cry | everywhere maiden choruses whirling. | Neither disease nor bitter old age is mixed | in their sacred blood; far from labour and battle they live.”

Arctic continent on the Gerardus Mercator map (1595)

● “Northerners and Hyper-Northerners”: I started with wordplay, but we ended up filled up with swastikas! Northerners, mainly Scandinavians, wishing to counter the Graeco-Roman Mediterranean culture, identified themselves with the Hyperboreans. This trend was very strong in the 17th century in Sweden, when it was a great power, where the champions of the ideology of Gothicism declared Scandinavia to be both the Hyperborean land and lost Atlantis! After all, the Arctic Circle is their land… Generally, European culture self-identified as Hyperborean. Inevitably, adaptations followed by the ethnologist Karl Penka (Origins of the Aryans, 1883), John Bennett (The Hyperborean Origin of the Indo-European Culture, 1963), and several others. According to some esotericists, the Hyperboreans were part of the Golden Race (where, of course, all these “thinkers” belong, for sure), and their land was the Golden Age polar centre of civilization and spirituality. Mankind, they claim, does not rise from the ape, but devolves progressively into an ape-like condition, as it strays physically and spiritually from its mystical otherworldly homeland in the Far North, succumbing to the South Pole’s daemonic energies… Some outright charlatans, like Robert Charroux, the alter ego of Erich von Däniken, relate the Hyperboreans to an ancient astronaut race of “very large, very white people”, who arrived here and selected “the least warm area on the earth because it corresponded more closely to their own climate on the planet from which they originated”…

● Except perhaps the last ones, who profit out of their… charlatanism, all the rest are racists and fascists. The Nazis e.g. considered Hyperborea as the cradle of the “Aryan race”, while their party was hatched within the “Thule Society”. Let’s remind them (pulling their legs) that Hyperborea, as a terra incognita, was located by ancient writers in the far North, of course, but all across Eurasia, from NW Europe to NE Asia. So, some “Chinks” claimed that the Hyperboreans were Chinese – a view that would be strongly disputed especially in Japan, but also in Mongolia and Siberia!

None of Rudbeck’s descendants ever achieved such a Triumph. Most unlucky was a Belgian lawyer, named Théophile Cailleux (Pays atlantiques décrits par Homère: Ibérie, Gaule, Bretagne, Archipels, Amériques; Théorie nouvelle. Atlantic lands described by Homer: Iberia, Gaul, Britain, Archipelagos, the Americas; New Theory. 1878). Troy, he claimed, was situated in East Anglia, on the heights outside Cambridge, known as the Gog Magog Hills (rather far from the sea); while Ithaca, he believed, should be sought in southern Andalusia, between Jerez and Cádiz, in the Delta of the Guadalete (where a Trojan War hero, Menestheus, allegedly settled: see Chronicle 22). Yet, some time after Cailleux’s book was published, Heinrich Schliemann triumphantly proved that Troy and Mycenae existed as powerful cities, at the right time and in the right place to have fought a Trojan War such as the epics describe. As a result, there was no thirst for geohistorical speculation then in the market…

Homère, L’Odyssée; lithographies by Marc Chagall

More than a century later, the Dutch Iman Wilkens presented the same idea again. His book, Where Troy Once Stood (1990), takes us to the same hills that Cailleux pinpointed, but with a scenario somewhat modified: the Trojan War was fought c. 1200 BCE between groups of Celts. Those living in Cambridgeshire were attacked by fellow Celts from the Continent to win access to the profitable tin mines in Cornwall. Wilkens further suggests that the Sea Peoples (see Chronicles 18, 19, 20) were Celts who settled in Greece and the Aegean as Achaeans and Pelasgians, bringing with them the oral poems that were translated and written down in Hellenic around 750 BCE, forming the basis of the Homeric epics. He locates Scylla and Charybdis at present day St. Michael’s Mount, at the tip of the Cornish peninsula, moves a bit Ithaca from the Guadalete to Cádiz, while the topography of the Laestrygonian capital, Telepylos (“Far-off port”), looks to him similar to that of Havana, Cuba. But he’s got an Achilles’ heel; he (too) is a nationalist:

“It appears that Homer’s Greek contains a large number of loan words from western European languages, more often from Dutch rather than English, French or German”, he thoughtlessly wrote, speaking of tongues that have not existed until at least 1000 years after Homer!⁽¹⁰⁾

⁽¹⁰⁾ If one takes Cailleux and Wilkens for granted, the Trojans left Britain after the war to settle in Italy. Anyway, three generations later they returned to found the “British nation”. Historia Regum Britanniae (The History of the Kings of Britain), written around 1136 by Geoffrey of Monmouth, begins with the Trojan Aeneas who, according to Roman legend, settled in Italy after the war. But his great-grandson Brutus was banished, started wandering and was finally directed by the goddess Diana (Artemis) to settle in the western ocean, on the island of Albion, which he named Britain after himself. He then defeated the giants who were the only inhabitants there, and on the banks of the Thames he established his capital, Troia Nova, renamed later as London.

A variation of this North-to-South cultural transmission is that early Grecian sailors might have come for long-distance trade in tin etc. and also took this wonderful epic tale back with them, transforming it into an “ethnic” epic when it was written down in verse. The northern peoples preferred not to write out their compositions, relying on prodigious feats of memory (as Caesar said of the Celtic bards). However, over time the original northern version could have been lost in wars and migrations. Another North-to-South cultural-transmission theory is that the northern tribes were the Sea Peoples who swept south to attack also Hellas, around 1200 BCE. The Greeks that survived assimilated the northerners’ campfire tales and made them their own when they flourished again, also thanks to these tales, after their Dark Ages.

Atlantis, Poseidonis: the last remnant of the lost continent (imaginary reconstruction)

This “theory” was foreshadowed in several books by Jurgen Spanuth (1907-1998), a German pastor, classical scholar, and amateur archaeologist. He maintained that all these events survive in distorted version not just in Homer but also in Plato’s Atlantis parable. Spanuth compared Homer’s and Plato’s descriptions on a point-for-point basis, and suggested both derived from a common origin. This was the rise and fall of a mighty Bronze Age seafaring nation living in the Jutland area, which fell when an “Atlantean” North Sea flood drove them southward into the Mediterranean; they were the Sea Peoples that the Egyptians defeated in the Nile Delta. Their tale of how their vast empire collapsed in a flood was recorded by the Egyptians, and then Plato picked it up through Solon, who was briefed by priests when he visited Egypt (Das Entratselte Atlantis; Atlantis – The Mystery Unraveled; 1953, all through Die Atlanter; Atlantis of the North; 1976). German nationalism was all too clear in these inflated claims – in effect assuming credit for another people’s cultural foundations – and the reception of the books was rather cold in the reviews. Rebuffed by the mainstream, the pastor turned to some right-wing German magazines, which marginalized him further. If he succeeded in something indirectly is that he rekindled interest for new excavations in sunken North Sea ports, e.g. Rungholt, where ceramics were recovered evidencing trade between Frisia and Minoan Crete dating back to 1600-1400 BCE!

The other variant of the North-to-South cultural-transmission “theory”, with a largely Scandinavian setting, has a certain peculiarity: the storyteller is an Italian, the nuclear engineer Felice Vinci – probably the only Mediterranean accepting that his ancestors received the “lights of civilization” from the North. The reception was dismissive, as usual, and the Finns were quick to label it “an interesting joke”! The book is entitled Omero nel Baltico (Homer in the Baltic, 1998), or The Baltic Origins of Homer’s Epic Tales: The Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Migration of Myth. The Achaeans were a Baltic people at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE, coming to Greece around the 16th century (after the Trojan War that took place in the 18th century), bringing their traditional oral sagas to the Aegean. Odysseus himself, claims Vinci, was Dutch(!); the islands of his kingdom, Ithaca, Dulichium, Cephallenia, and Zacynthus, correspond to islands in the Danish archipelago of South Funen, and Troy to Toija in SW Finland; the Hellespont could not be identified with the Dardanelles, but the Gulf of Finland; Mycenae stood in the same place as modern Copenhagen; and Odysseus’ voyage would have taken place along the coasts of Norway: Ogygia could be identified with one of the Faeroe Islands (among Britain, Scandinavia and Iceland); the Phaeacian land, Scheria, with Bergen’s environs; Circe’s island, and the places she describes (the Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis) may be placed in the Lofoten archipelago of northern Norway; and Aeolus’ island in the Shetland archipelago, NE of Scotland. The same region is the setting of other Hellenic mythological tales such as the Argonauts, adds Vinci. Referring to Plato’s dialogue Critias, he claims that Athens rose formerly on a flat fertile zone in the Baltic, perhaps near Karlskrona in southern Sweden.

Il Ritorno di Ulisse (Odysseus’ Return), by Giorgio De Chirico (1968)

● Regarding Homeric epics’ background, the Flemish Karel Jozef de Graeve, in his République des Champs Elysées (Republic of the Elysian Fields, 1806), pointed out the area around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt Delta.

Finally, the French Gilbert Pillot, in Le Code Secret de l’Odyssée (The Secret Code of the Odyssey, 1969), “saw” Odysseus crossing the Pillars of Heracles and voyaging on the Atlantic, initially to Morocco, the Canaries and Madeira, and then heading north to Ireland, Scotland and Iceland. He most probably thought – quite rightly – that “secret codes” are… sold out, and claimed he discovered “a secret message in the Odyssey”, with a “hidden” itinerary over the Atlantic, from the Canaries to Iceland through the British Isles. The verse epic, he argued, was a Hellenic syndicate’s way of concealing navigation data inside an “entertainment” – acting as an elaborate mnemonic. The Greek mariners could thus remember, yet protect, the key details (sailing directions, times, dangers) of their all-important northern trade route, leading to the sought-after sources of tin: the Cassiterides, or Tin Isles – a terra incognita, as Herodotus complained, impossible to locate, but a key to prosperity mainly in the Bronze Age.

Eternally mapping Homer’s Odyssey

MAPPING HOMER’S ODYSSEY, Armin Wolf concluded that Scheria-Phaeacia should have been in Calabria, Italy, as it is located between two seas: the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian Seas. The capital of the Phaeacians stood at the Tiriolo and Marcellinara region, in the Catanzaro province, he claimed. Additionally, he referred to the dozens (or hundreds?) of attempts to map the Odyssey; several of them we have already presented; but he added some more:

In 1898, an anonymous author with the pseudonym Eumaeus claimed that Odysseus had completed a periplus of Africa (centuries before the Phoenicians, mentioned by Herodotus), and had even discovered America. Pseudo-Eumaeus (the real one was Odysseus’ swineherd and friend) was the first to use the ocean currents to trace the route of the king of Ithaca. In 1925, even the distinguished archaeologist Wilhelm Dörpfeld drew a map of Homer’s world in which, apart from the “established” stops of the Odyssey, he pinpointed the southernmost tip of Africa, and there he located Telepylus of the Laestrygonians and also – like “Eumaeus” – Aeaea, Circe’s island.

After World War II, several maps placed the Odyssey on the Atlantic and North Sea: British Isles, Iceland, Norway. The Swiss F. J. Wil, in 1950, added Faeroes in the list, while the German Otto Zeller, in 1959, expanded the map from Gibraltar and the Azores to Norway and Heligoland. Karl Bartholomäus, professor of archaeogeodesy, in 1977, tried to prove by astronomical calculations that the track from Calypso to Nausicaa leads from the Azores to Heligoland. The German judge Hans Steuerwald, in 1978, “sent” Odysseus to Cornwall and Scotland. The wine produced on Circe’s isle (identified with one of the Hebrides), he added, was in fact Scotch whisky…

Incan Golden Solar disc, used as a star map.
It was lost during the Conquista.

A multitude of writers have created fantastic routes on the oceans of the earth. This mania of inventing “theories” probably reached its climax in 1983, with the Austrian ethnologist Christine Pellech, who argued that Odysseus had sailed right around the earth – before Magellan! She saw no difficulty in the great hero taking just seven days to row from the Mediterranean to Norway, and then in a single day the whole way from Norway to Canada! It goes without saying, of course, that he discovered the Strait of Magellan and Australia…

● More extreme views about the geography of the Homeric epics keep on surfacing, either centered on the Atlantic, or extending all over the globe. Some others turned their eyes to the sky arguing that the Homeric geography is to be found there, and that the Iliad and Odyssey can be decoded as a star map. What we will hear next, I suppose, is that the Trojan War was actually a… Star War!

LABYRINTH OF MAPS

● TROY. NW Asia Minor, Turkey: Hisarlık || E England: Cambridgeshire || SW Finland: Toija.
● LOTUS EATERS (LOTOPHAGI). Libya: a headland in the Gindanes area | Gulf of Sidra || Tunisia: Djerba (Meninx) island.
● CYCLOPES. Italy: SE Sicily, near Etna and Lentini (Leontini) | Marsala, W Sicily | Gulf of Naples || Spain: Balearics archipelago || Scandinavia.
● AEOLIA. Italy, N Sicily: Aeolian Islands (Lipari [Meligounis], or Stromboli [Strongule], or Ustica) || Spain: Balearics archipelago (Mallorca) || Scotland: Shetland archipelago.
● LAESTRYGONIANS. Italy: SE Sicily | N Sardinia || France: S Corsica || Scandinavia || Cuba: Havana || S African tip.
● CIRCE’S AEAEA. Italy: Monte Circeo, Lazio-Latium (< Latinus, Circe’s son) | Ischia, Gulf of Naples || Portugal: Madeira || Norway: Lofoten archipelago || S African tip || Scotland: Hebrides archipelago.
● HADES, UNDERWORLD. NW Hellas: Acheron river || Italy: lake Avernus (< Greek Aornos = with no birds), near Cumae, Campania, where Aeneas also found it || Peru: Amazon River.
● SIRENS. Italy: Cape Faro, by the Strait of Messina | Sirenuse archipelago, or a headland between the Gulfs of Naples and Salerno | Naples itself | Lucanian coast || Haiti or Cuba || Norway: Lofoten archipelago.
● SCYLLA & CHARYBDIS. Italy: Strait of Messina || Canada, Nova Scotia: Bay of Fundy || SW England: St. Michael’s Mount, Cornwall’s tip || Norway: Lofoten archipelago.
● THE SUN (HELIOS) ISLAND. Italy: Sicily || Canada: Nova Scotia or Newfoundland.
● CALYPSO’S OGYGIA. Maltese archipelago: Gaudos, modern Gozo || Morocco-Spain: Pillars of Heracles (Ceuta) || Portugal: Azores || Bermuda || Denmark: Faeroes.
● NAUSICAA & PHAEACIANS’ SCHERIA. NW Hellas: Corcyra (Corfu) || Cyprus || Carribean-Gulf of Mexico-Florida, USA || Portugal: Lisbon || Norway: Bergen || Germany: Heligoland || Italy: Calabria.
● ITHACA. W Hellas: Ithaca, or Cephallenia, or Leucas || Andalusia, Spain: Guadalete Delta or Cádiz || Denmark: S Funen.

Celestial map by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de Wit (17th century)

Homer’s mystery: the epimyth of a myth

ANY HYPOTHESIS AT ALL, NO MATTER HOW OUTRAGEOUS, is more plausible than saying “I do not know”… After all, what do these stories show, even those that are crazy and nuts? What else but the greatness of Odysseus and Homer, the creator of the Iliad and the Odyssey; two wonderful epics that the classicists initially treated as written poetry and also the rhapsode as a writer. Until Milman Parry (1902–1935) appeared in the 1920s, and indicated it was oral musical-poetic tradition. His research on the process of oral poetry improvisation through “stock epithets” and “reiteration” (words, phrases, stanzas) established that these formulae were artifacts easily applied to the hexametric lines of oral tradition. A two-word stock epithet (e.g. “the resourceful Odysseus”) is reiterated, permitting the rhapsode to improvise and complete the verse. This research by Parry and his assistant, Albert Lord, was conducted in Yugoslavia.

Homer (a Hellenic name in Aeolis) was born in Smyrna (Ionia’s northern limit), or on the island of Chios, and died on the Cycladic island of Ios. His name means hostage, follower, or blind (ὁ μὴ ὁρῶν: “he who does not see”). Like Thamyris or Hesiod, Homer was a wandering minstrel, who hanged around with ordinary people – fishermen, sailors, potters, shoemakers, or elderly men – at harbours.⁽¹¹⁾ This image, of course, is far from that of a court musician-poet. Rapidity-ease of movement and plainness of expression-thought do not distinguish the great epic poets Virgil, Dante, or Milton. They rather distinguish the humbler epico-lyrical school. But Homer does not belong to that school, neither his poetry is in any sense ballad poetry. This is apparent through the higher artistic structure and value of his poems. It is his noble and powerful style that eventually separates Homer from all forms of ballad poetry and popular epic. His art is distinguished from the works of Virgil, Dante, and Milton, due to the comparative absence of underlying motives or sentiments. In Virgil’s poetry, a sense of the greatness of Rome is the leading motive of a passionate rhetoric, veiled by the considered delicacy of his language. Dante and Milton are still more faithful exponents of the religion and politics of their time. French epics display sentiments of fear or hatred of the Saracens. In Homer’s work, the interest is purely dramatic. There is no antipathy of race or religion. He is principally interested in human feeling or emotion, and also drama. Indeed, his poems are often referred to as dramas.

Above all, we need to remember that Homer recited his epics; Virgil, Dante, and all the rest wrote them down…

⁽¹¹⁾ An elderly Homer, it is said, was going around Ios, the last stop of his life’s voyage, together with children, singing the carols of the day.

● Influences from the mythology and literature of Near East have been seen in the Odyssey. Martin West has noted some parallels between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Odyssey. Both Odysseus and Gilgamesh travel to the ends of the earth, and even to the underworld. Odysseus follows instructions given to him by Calypso, or Circe, a daughter of the sun-god Helios. Their islands are located at the edges of the world. Gilgamesh also gets directions from the goddess Siduri, who also dwells by the sea at the ends of the earth. Others correlate Homer with Hittite epics. It seems that the great epic poet was equally “resourceful” with his protagonist, Odysseus.

THE “CLASSICAL” MEDITERRANEAN ODYSSEY

● [1] TROY. Setting sail, Odysseus and his men were greeted by friendly and calm waters. He had not committed hubris yet…
● [2] ISMARUS, LAND OF THE CICONES. Odysseus and his men looted the city and robbed it of all its goods. The crew refused to leave quickly and fell asleep on the beach. The next morning the Cicones returned with their fierce kinsmen from the mountains. Odysseus escaped but lost many men. On leaving, his twelve ships were driven off course by fierce storms.
● [3] THE LOTUS EATERS’ ISLAND. Odysseus’ scouting party ate lotus fruit with the natives. This caused them to fall asleep and stop caring about ever going home.
● [4] THE CYCLOPES’ ISLAND. The giant one-eyed Cyclops Polyphemus devoured two of Odysseus’ men each day. Odysseus gave Polyphemus intoxicating wine and then blinded him with a wooden stake. As a result, Odysseus was haunted by the wrath of Poseidon, the Cyclops’ father, who cursed Odysseus to wander the sea for years.
● [5] AEOLIA, LAND OF AEOLUS, GOD OF THE WINDS. Aeolus gave Odysseus hospitality for a month and then a leather bag containing all the winds, except the west wind, so as to return safely home. However, the crew foolishly opened the bag while Odysseus slept, just as Ithaca came into sight, thinking that it contained gold. The resulting storm drove the ships back to Aeolia, but Aeolus refused to provide any further help.
● [6] TELEPYLOS, IN THE LAND OF THE LAESTRYGONIANS. These man-eating giants attacked the fleet with boulders, sinking all the ships but one and killing hundreds.
● [7] AEAEA, CIRCE’S ISLAND. Circe turned all of Odysseus’ men into pigs after feeding them cheese and wine. Hermes gave Odysseus a drug called moly in order to resist Circe’s magic. She agreed to change Odysseus’ men back to their human form in exchange for his love. They remained on the island for one year feasting and drinking.
● [8] HADES, THE UNDERWORLD. Guided by Circe’s instructions, Odysseus crossed the ocean and reached a harbour at the western edge of the world where he sacrificed to the dead and summoned the spirit of the prophet Tiresias to advise him.
● [9] SIRENS. Odysseus escaped by having all his men plug their ears with beeswax and tie him to the mast. When he heard their beautiful song he begged the men to untie him but they ignored him.
● [10] SCYLLA & CHARYBDIS. Circe advised Odysseus to sail closer to the six-headed monster Scylla, for the whirlpool Charybdis could drown the ship. However, Scylla devoured six of his men.
● [11] THRINACIA, HELIOS’ SACRED ISLAND. Though Odysseus warned his men not to kill any of Helios’ sacred cattle, they disobeyed. Helios’ daughters told their father and he destroyed the ship and all men save Odysseus.
● [12] OGYGIA, CALYPSO’S ISLAND. The nymph made him her lover for seven years. On behalf of Athena, Zeus sent Hermes to tell Calypso to let Odysseus go.
● [13] SCHERIA, THE PHAEACIANS’ ISLAND. Washed up on the shore, Odysseus was found by Nausicaa, daughter of King Alcinous, who entertained him and escorted him to Ithaca.
● [14] ITHACA. On the twentieth day of sailing Odysseus finally arrived home.

>> Chronicle 16. MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS-PARAPLUS

<< Chronicle 14. MUSIC MADE OF BODY AND SOUL

Next Chronicle 16. MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS-PARAPLUS ● Periplus: Circumnavigation or Log ● Navigators and Intellectuals ● The Peloponnesian War and Euripides ● Nomos (Law Song)

MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS – bio

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2013/04/01

Posted in: About Us. Tagged: Aegean Islands, Aegean Sea, Agora, Aktis Aeliou, Alexandria, Algarve, Alte, Amália Rodrigues, Amélia Muge, Andalusia, Andreas Karakotas, António Quintino, Archipelago, ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, Archipelagus, Ares Alexandrou, Argonauts, Aristotle University, Armando Zeferino Soares, Athenian democracy, Athens, Azores, Benfica, Bulerías, Canaries, Cape Verde, Carlos Paredes, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Centro Cultural Vila Flor, Cesária Évora, Chile, Constantine Cavafy, Cramol, Crónicas da Terra, Culturgest, Delphi, Dimitria Festival, Donn Pohren, Eleni Tsaligopoulou, Elysium, Euripides, Eurydice, Fernando Pessoa, Festival Músicas do Mundo, Festival Tão Longe Tão Perto, Filipe Raposo, Film score, Flamenco, Friedrich Hölderlin, fRoots, Galicia, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Gold in the Sky, Guimarães, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation, Hurrian songs, Ianos, INATEL, International Delphi Meeting on Musicology, Ithaca, João de Deus, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Kostas Theodorou, Kostis Palamas, Kyriakos Gouventas, Lisbon, Ludwig van Beethoven, Macaronesia, Madeira, Makedonia (newspaper), Manos Achalinotopoulos, Manuel Maio, Marcia funebre, Martin Codax, Música Surda, Mediterranean, Michales Loukovikas, Miguel Tapadas, Modal music, Mundofonias, Neverland, Nikos Paraoulakis, Nikos Vergitsis, Nostos, Orestes, Ouro do Céu, Outra Voz, Pan, Panagiotis Tountas, Parallel Lives, Paris Paraschopoulos, Penelope, Pericles, Periplus, Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas, Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings, Pillars of Hercules, Plucked Strings Orchestra of Patras, Polis, Puppetry, Rebetiko, Ricardo Parreira, Rio de Janeiro, Rita Maria, Rock, Rosalía de Castro, Ross Daly, RTVE, Sappho, Shadow play, Sines, Smyrna, Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores, Songwriter, Sopa da Pedra, SPA, Teatro São Luiz, Teresa Campos, Thanasis Tsipinakis, Theatre music, Theme music, Thessaloniki, Thomas Korovinis, Thrace, Thracian, Uma Autora - 202 Canções, University of Brazil, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Violeta Parra, Womex, World music. 4 Comments

MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS – bio

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΜΙΧΑΛΗΣ ΛΟΥΚΟΒΙΚΑΣ – βιογραφικό

photoMICHALES-light MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS, born in a Thracian musical family, was taught music by his father, with whom he made his first professional steps at 15, as a musician (accordion, guitar) and singer, taking an interest in various genres: varied world music, rock, music based on poetry, songwriting, theatre and film music, rebetiko, especially the school of Smyrna, and modal music.

Studying in Thessaloniki, he directed student musical ensembles, and later participated in rebetiko and popular musical groups. He was a member of the Eurydice company, writing and producing plays for various genres (theatre, puppetry, shadow plays), where he also composed or selected musical themes. Besides, he contributed to the soundtrack of the film Stories of a Honeycomb (1981), by Nikos Vergitsis, as a composer (theme music), singer and musician.

He graduated in English Language and Literature from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and worked as a teacher and translator of English, publisher (Research publishers), and journalist (Macedonia, Thessaloniki, and Angeliophoros newspapers, Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) radio stations), specializing on the international arena, and culture (news, analyses, chronicles, music, art, education, and editorials). He wrote texts on music for special publications, and collaborated on radio educational programs (texts, selection of music, presentation).

Wishing to delve into the differences between the Oriental and Occidental music, he focused on the modal tradition, folk or classical. Turning points in his research were his acquaintance with Ross Daly in 1987, and his participation in the International Musicological Symposium at Delphi on Mediterranean music in 1988.

A series of articles on cultural exchange in the Mediterranean, entitled Mediterranean Paraplus (a term similar to Periplus, Thessaloniki newspaper), evolved into a successful radio program lasting for more than twelve years (1998-2010, 9.58 fm, ERT3). It followed programs such as Flamenco: the Rebetiko of Andalusia, where he adapted Donn Pohren’s The Art of Flamenco, indicating the similarities between the two genres. In addition, he took part, together with other musical producers of the radio station, in the album Radio… com+positions (2002).

He worked as a musician with the composer and musical producer Paris Paraschópoulos for the theatrical play Alexandria–Athens (2003), on the Parallel Lives of the poets Constantine Cavafy and Kostís Palamás, produced by the art company Aktis Aeliou, Thessaloniki. He also teamed up with the writer, researcher and songwriter Thomás Korovinis in concerts.

A result of his research in modal music was The Gold in the Sky (2008), a West-to-East musical voyage based on Ares Alexandrou’s poetry, featuring 35 distinguished musicians (such as Manos Achalinotópoulos, Giorgos Andreou, Ross Daly, Kyriakos Gouventas, Andreas Karakotas, Harris Lambrakis, Kostas Theodorou, and Eleni Tsaligopoulou). He presented the Gold (voice, piano, accordion) in the Small Theatre, Thessaloniki, in company with K. Theodorou (double bass, guitar, percussion).

His meeting with Amélia Muge in the “Internet sea” led to a productive partnership, initially with his English adaptation of her songs in Uma Autora, 202 Canções (2009), and then with her Portuguese version of The Gold in the Sky poems, in the bilingual book-disc O Ouro do Céu / Ares Alexandrou por Michales Loukovikas (2011), presented in the bookstores Buchholtz, Lisbon. Amélia and Michales appeared for the first time together in the same hall, playing in company with the pianist Filipe Raposo in 1910.

Adapting ancient and traditional songs, as well as composing originals on line, Amélia and Michales carried out their Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas (Luso-Hellenic Wanderings in the international edition, 2012), with the poetess Hélia Correia, the singer E. Tsaligopoulou, and the vocal ensemble Outra Voz, as special guests. Periplus was presented in Guimarães (Centro Cultural Vila Flor), Lisbon (Culturgest), Sines (Festival Músicas do Mundo), Thessaloniki (Demetria Festival, Womex), Athens (Ianos bookstores), and Rio de Janeiro (Festival Tão Longe, Tão Perto, on music and poetry, at the University of Brazil, in four concerts, two of them together with the ensemble Música Surda.

Michales participated in Amélia’s work on Amália Rodrigues’ verses, Amélia com versos de Amália (2014), as artistic co-director, composer, arranger, and with Amália’s verses adapted into an English version. He also took part as a guest in Amélia’s concerts in Alte (Algarve), Auditório Carlos Paredes (Benfica, Lisbon), and City of Traditions (INATEL, Lisbon).

Amélia and Michales’ latest project, ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages (2017), was premiered at the Sãο Luiz Theatre, Lisbon, in November 2017, with excellent reviews in the press. In Greece, it was presented at Ianos, Athens, in May 2018, with equal reception. Special guests in this venture were the poetess H. Correia again, the composer G. Andreou, the singers Teresa Campos, A. Karakotas, Catarina Moura and Rita Maria, the women’s traditional vocal ensemble Cramol of the Workers’ Library in Oeiras, and the Plucked Strings Orchestra Thanasis Tsipinakis of the Municipality of Patras.

The voyage goes on…

● With Friedrich Hölderlin’s Archipelago (i.e. the Aegean) as a starting point, and deeply moved with Euripides’ tragedy Orestes (408 BCE), we voyage to Syria to listen to an ancient hymn (1400 BCE) as a lullaby of… awakening, or as a lament on the Sorceress Sea and the refugees’ drama. Crossing the Mediterranean and the Pillars of Heracles, we sail around Macaronesia (Macárōn nẽsoe, or Elysium: the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde) in search of Cesária Évora.

We sail back to Greece, with Sappho singing about love (Eros) and loneliness, or to Portugal, with Fernando Pessoa’s weariness of being. From a harbour’s tavern, where João de Deus, Giorgos Mitsakis and Vasilis Tsitsanis sing of voyages with no return, we fly to imaginary islands: Utopia, Ithaca of Penelope, and Neverland, where lost kids dance a… Thracian traditional dance!

Hélia Correia “takes us down to earth” in times of indigence, without gods or Argonauts, polis or agora, with Pan dead on the Aegean islands, in the ruin of Hellas, or in Alexandria engulfed in flames, in the antipode of Pericles’ democracy, to the accompaniment of Ludwig van Beethoven’s Marcia funebre.

In the songs of nostalgia, Tsitsanis meets Rosalía de Castro, José Niza, Armando Soares, and Violeta Parra, as Greece, Galicia, Portugal, Cape Verde, and Chile are joined together. Joys and dances of nostos follow, with José Saramago and Giorgos Andreou. Another meeting, on the sea waves, is that between the medieval minstrel Martín Codax and the rebetiko composer Panagiotis Tountas, concluding the voyage in a feast with a peculiar Greco-Portuguese and Afro-Andalusian bulería: o come, all ye faithful (to art) – you are all welcome!

●

Some concerts and festivals

• February 2012: Centro Cultural Vila Flor (Guimarães, Portugal).
• February 2012: Culturgest (Lisbon, Portugal).
• July 2012: Festival Músicas do Mundo (Sines, Portugal).
• October 2012: Womex (Thessalonica, Hellas).
• October 2012: Ianos (Athens, PERiPLUS).
• May 2013: Festival Tão Longe, Tão Perto (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
• October 2013: Demetria Festival (Thessaloniki, Hellas).
• November 2017: Teatro Sãο Luiz (Lisbon, ARCHiPELAGOS).
• May 2018: Ianos (Athens, ARCHiPELAGOS).

Periplus in Guimarães with: Manos Achalinotopoulos (folk clarinet, voice), Kyriakos Gouventas (5-string violin, mandolin), Harris Lambrakis (ney, blockflute), Ricardo Parreira (guitarra portuguesa), António Quintino (double bass), Filipe Raposo (piano), José Salgueiro (percussion), and the choir Outra Voz participating en masse.

Periplus distinctions

• The Society of Portuguese Authors (SPA) selected the disc among the three best albums of 2012.
• The jury of the Sopa da Pedra blogspot elected it as the best album of the year.
• The Expresso newspaper as the 2nd best disc.
• Crónicas da Terra of Terra Pura radio as the 2nd best folk album in Europe.
• Mundofonias of RTVE selected it among the best discs of 2012 in the world.
• Periplus was also nominated for the British fRoots charter with the ten best albums of the year.

●

Discography

Lullaby’s Intro from The Gold in the Sky

• 2002: Radio… com+positions, 9.58 fm music producers
• 2003: Alexandria – Athens, Paris Paraschopoulos, Actis Aeliou theatrical company
• 2008: The Gold in the Sky, Michales Loukovikas, Ares Alexandrou
• 2009: Uma Autora, 202 Canções, Amélia Muge
• 2011: O Ouro do Céu / Ares Alexandrou por Michales Loukovikas
• 2012: Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas, Amélia Muge, Michales Loukovikas
• 2012: Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (international edition)
• 2014: Amélia com Versos de Amália, Amélia Muge, Amália Rodrigues
• 2017: ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, Amélia Muge, Michales Loukovikas

Periplus at Sines Músicas do Mundo with: Catarina Anacleto (cello), Manuel Maio (violin, mandolin), Nikos Paraoulakis (ney, blockflute), António Quintino (double bass), José Salgueiro (percussion), Miguel Tapadas (piano).

>> AMÉLIA MUGE – bio

AMÉLIA MUGE – bio

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2013/04/01

Posted in: About Us. Tagged: A Monte, A Presença das Formigas, Académie Charles Cros, Aegean Islands, Aegean Sea, Agora, Aigues-Mortes, Alexandria, Algarve, Almada, Amancio Prada, Amália Rodrigues, Amélia com Versos de Amália, Amélia Muge, Amilly, Amsterdam, Ana Laíns, Ana Moura, Archipelago, ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, Archipelagus, Ares Alexandrou, Argonauts, Armando Zeferino Soares, Athenian democracy, Aveiro, Azores, Évora, Barcelona, Barnasants, Blitz, Bourg-en-Bresse, Brigada Víctor Jara, Bulerías, Calenzana, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Camané, Camerata Meiga, Canaries, Cape Verde, Casa da Música, Córdoba, Centro Cultural Olga Cadaval, Centro Cultural Vila Flor, Cesária Évora, Cité de la Musique, Coimbra, Coliseu, Concertgebouw, Corsica, Cristina Branco, Cultural Centre of Belém, Culturgest, Dimitria Festival, Elena Ledda, Eleni Tsaligopoulou, Elysium, Ester Formosa, Euripides, European Capital of Culture, Expo '98, Expresso, Fado, Faro, Fausto Bordalo Dias, Fernando Alvim, Fernando Pessoa, Festival Músicas do Mundo, Festival Tão Longe Tão Perto, Friedrich Hölderlin, fRoots, Gaiteiros de Lisboa, Galicia, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Gold in the Sky, Guimarães, Habelas Hailas, Hélia Correia, Hurrian songs, Institut du Monde Arabe, Irmãs Muge, Ithaca, Júlio Pereira, João Afonso, João de Deus, José Barros, José Mário Branco, José Saramago, Kronos Quartet, Lucilla Galeazzi, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lusophone, Macaronesia, Madeira, Madrid, Mafalda Arnauth, Maio Maduro Maio, Maputo, Martin Codax, Mísia, Múgica, Michales Loukovikas, Montpellier, Mozambique, Mundofonias, Não Sou Daqui, Neverland, Nostos, Novas vos Trago, O Dono do Nada, O Ouro do Céu, Orestes, Outra Voz, Pan, Panagiotis Tountas, Paris, Público, Pedro Moutinho, Penelope, Pericles, Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas, Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings, Pillars of Hercules, Pirin, Pirin Folk Ensemble, Polis, Porto, Prague, Rennes, Ricardo Tesi, Rio de Janeiro, Rosalía de Castro, Rouen, RTVE, Ruelles, Rui Júnior, Sappho, Sérgio Godinho, Seixal, Sicily, Sines, Sintra, Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores, Sopa da Pedra, Taco a Taco, Teatro Aveirense, Teatro Garcia de Resende, Teatro Lethes, Teatro Sá da Bandeira, Teatro São Luiz, Teatro Viriato, Terras de Canto, Thessaloniki, Thracian, Todos os Dias, Uma Autora - 202 Canções, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Violeta Parra, Viseu, Zeca Afonso. 2 Comments

AMÉLIA MUGE – bio

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ AMÉLIA MUGE – βιογραφικό

Amélia Muge started singing and composing while studying piano, guitar and music education in Mozambique where she was born. She also studied History, communication and training for development in the University of Maputo, as well as music for animation, design, drawing and audio-visual arts in Portugal where she moved in 1984.

She has participated in projects related to music, poetry, dance, theatre, animation, multimedia, visual arts, training for local development, and also written and drawn books for children. She has worked with musicians such as José Mário Branco, Fausto, Júlio Pereira (Portugal); Amancio Prada, Ester Formosa, Camerata Meiga (Spain); Elena Ledda, Lucilla Galeazzi, Riccardo Tesi (Italy); and Pirin Folk Ensemble (Bulgaria). She has composed for other artists such as Mísia, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, Camané, Pedro Moutinho, Gaiteiros de Lisboa, Mafalda Arnauth, Ana Laíns, and produced other artists’ discs.

Múgica, her first solo album, was released in 1992, followed by Todos os Dias two years later. The latter was included in the “100 best Portuguese music albums ever” by the Público newspaper; she was also nominated for the Blitz review prizes as best female singer. Around that time she started directing and adapting TV cartoon soundtracks into Portuguese – a work that lasted for almost ten years.

Taco a Taco

She was awarded the Zeca Afonso Prize twice: in 1995 for Maio Maduro Maio, dedicated to Zeca’s work and presented together with J.M. Branco and João Afonso, and for her new disc, Taco a Taco, in 1998. That year she also collaborated in Novas Vos Trago, where traditional romances were recreated, in Terras de Canto with E. Ledda and L. Galeazzi, and in As vozes embarcam with the Pirin Bulgarian Voices in the Lisbon Expo ’98. In 2002 she released A Monte in Portugal and Germany.

Her children’s play O Dono do Nada was staged in Sintra in 2003 and three years later in Lisbon. Her album Não Sou Daqui was released in 2007, followed by the disc-book Uma Autora, 202 Canções – as many as her songs registered in the Society of Portuguese Authors (SPA) in 2009. The next year she was invited by the Guimarães European Capital of Culture 2012 to direct the vocal group Outra Voz, while in 2011 she was honoured as one of the most important fado lyricists and composers by SPA.

Working with Michales Loukovikas, she adapted into Portuguese his book-disc The Gold in the Sky (O Ouro do Céu), based on Ares Alexandrou’s poetry, and published in Portugal in 2011. This partnership continued with Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas, released in February 2012, featuring music and poetry from Portugal and Hellas, with Hélia Correia, Eleni Tsaligopoulou and Outra Voz as special guests. Its international edition, Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings, was released in Greece in October. In the meantime, Amélia participated in the production of Ruelles in France, where children interacted with guest artists from Lusophone countries and sang their songs.

Her next work Amélia com versos de Amália, based on Amália Rodrigues‘ verses, was released immediately after her collaboration with Kronos Quartet in their Lisbon concert in November 2014. It was presented in Culturgest in January 2015, and rated as the best album of 2014 in Portugal (Expresso and Público).

Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas’ latest project, ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages, issued in November 2017, was premiered at the Sãο Luiz Theatre, Lisbon, with excellent reviews in the press. In Greece, it was presented at Ianos, Athens, in May 2018, with equal reception. The voyage goes on, with stops at several other places in Portugal, including Madeira, in Paris, France, and – who knows? – maybe elsewhere in Greece, as well.

● With Friedrich Hölderlin’s archipelago (i.e. the Aegean) as a starting point, and deeply moved with Euripides’ tragedy Orestes (408 BCE), we voyage to Syria to listen to an ancient hymn (1400 BCE) as a lullaby of… awakening, or as a lament of the Sorceress Sea about the refugees’ drama. Crossing the Mediterranean and the Pillars of Heracles, we sail around Macaronesia (Macárōn nẽsoe, or Elysium: the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries and Cape Verde) in search of Cesária Évora.

We sail back to Greece, with Sappho singing about love (eros) and loneliness, or to Portugal, with Fernando Pessoa’s weariness of being. From a harbour’s tavern, where João de Deus, Giorgos Mitsakis and Vasilis Tsitsanis sing of voyages with no return, we fly to imaginary islands: Utopia, Ithaca of Penelope, and Neverland, where lost kids dance a… Thracian traditional dance!

The voyage goes on…

●

Some Festivals and Venues

• Portugal, Lisbon: Misty Fest; Culturgest, Centro Cultural de Belém, Gulbenkian Grande Auditório, Teatro São Luiz. Sintra: Centro Cultural Olga Cadaval. Almada: Solar dos Zagalos, Auditório Lopes Graça. Seixal: Festival Cantigas do Maio. Porto: Festival Inter-Céltico; Teatro Sá da Bandeira, Palácio de Cristal, Casa da Música, Coliseu. Coimbra: Festival Zeca Afonso; Teatro Gil Vicente. Guimarães: Centro Cultural Vila Flor; European Capital of Culture final show. Viseu: Teatro Viriato. Aveiro: Teatro Aveirense. Évora: Teatro Garcia de Resende. Sines: Festival Músicas do Mundo. Algarve: Encontros do DeVIR; Faro: Teatro Lethes.
• France, Paris: Cité de la Musique, Institut du Monde Arabe, Méditerranée, Méditérranées. Bourg-en-Bresse: Les Temps Chauds. Rouen: Tranches d’Europe Express. Rennes: Les Tombées de la Nuit. Aigues-Mortes: 7 Nuits d’Encens. Montpellier: Les Voix du Sud. Amilly: Fête de l’Europe. Corsica: Rencontres de Musiques Classique et Contemporaine de Calenzana.
• Netherlands, Amsterdam: Concertgebouw; Wereldmuziek, Musical Meetings of the European Tradition.
• Spain, Madrid: Festival Folk. Barcelona: Barnasants. Córdova: Grande Teatro de Córdova.
• Italy: Sete Sóis, Sete Luas; Itinerari Folk. Sicily: Festival Novas Musicas.
• Czech Republic, Prague: Lusophony meetings.
• Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Festival Tão Longe, Tão Perto.
• Greece, Thessalonica: Demetria Festival, Womex. Athens: Ianos.

●

Main Distinctions

• 1994-1995: Todos os Dias was included in the “100 best Portuguese music albums ever” by the Público newspaper; Amélia was also nominated for the Blitz review prizes as best female singer.
• 1995/1998: she was awarded the Zeca Afonso Prize twice: for Maio Maduro Maio and Taco a Taco.
• 2011: she was honoured as one of the most important fado lyricists and composers by SPA.
• 2013: SPA selected Periplus among the three best albums of 2012; the jury of the Sopa da Pedra blogspot elected it as the best album of the year; Mundofonias of RTVE selected it among the best discs of 2012 in the world; Periplus was also nominated for the British fRoots charter with the ten best albums of the year.
• 2013: Amélia won the Académie Charles Cros Award for Ruelles.

●

Selected Discography

• 1992: Múgica, Amélia Muge
• 1994: Todos os Dias, Amélia Muge
• 1995: Maio Maduro Maio, Amélia Muge, João Afonso, José Mário Branco
• 1996: Ó Tambor, Rui Júnior
• 1997: Rosas a Rosalía, Amancio Prada
• 1998: Taco a Taco, Amélia Muge
• 1998: Novas Vos Trago, Amélia Muge, Brigada Victor Jara, Gaiteros de Lisboa, João Afonso, Sérgio Godinho
• 1999: Habelas Hailas, Camerata Meiga
• 2002: A Monte, Amélia Muge (Πορτογαλία και Γερμανία)
• 2003: A Ópera Mágica do Cantor Maldito, Fausto
• 2006: O Dono do Nada, Amélia Muge
• 2007: Não Sou Daqui, Amélia Muge
• 2008: Meu Bem, Meu Mal, José Barros e Navegante
• 2009: Uma Autora, 202 Canções, Amélia Muge
• 2011: Os Fados e as Canções do Alvim, Fernando Alvim
• 2011: Ciclorama, A Presença das Formigas
• 2012: Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas (Luso-Hellenic Wanderings), Amélia Muge, Michales Loukovikas (Portugal-Greece)
• 2012: Ruelles, Amélia Muge, Teófilo Chantre, Magna Fereira, Roda do Cavaco, Choeurs d’enfants de l’Ain
• 2014: Canto & Autores 06, Amélia Muge
• 2014: Amélia com Versos de Amália, Amélia Muge, Amália Rodrigues
• 2017: ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, Amélia Muge, Michales Loukovikas (Portugal-Greece)

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>> MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS – bio

Chronicle 21. IBERIAN “EL DORADO”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2013/03/17

Posted in: CASSITERIDES archipelago. Tagged: Abidas, Abjad, Acra Leuca, Acrisius, Aegean civilizations, Aegle, Aerobic, Aeschylus, Aethiopia, Agrigento, Albania, Alcinous, Alebion, Alentejo, Alesia, Alessio Surian, Algarve, Alicante, Almería, Amarna, Andalusia, Andromeda, Archipelago, Arethusa, Arganthonios, Argar, Aristotle, Armorica, Astigi, Astorga, Asturias, Atlantic Bronze Age, Atlantis, Atlas, Attica, Augusto Barreto, Avienus, Azores, Baal, Baal-zephon, Baalshamin, Balares, Balearics, Balsa, Basques, Bastetani, Beira, Bergion, Bithia, Black Sea, Boeotia, Bohemia, British Isles, Brittany, Bronze, Cabo Espichel, Cadiz, Cagliari, Calypso, Campidanese, Canaries, Cantabria, Cantu a tenore, Cape Verde, Carthage, Castro Zambujal, Cávado, Celtiberians, Ceos, Cerberus, Cetus, Chalcolithic, Chania, Charites, Chrysaor, Cicero, Circular breathing, Cist, Copper, Corfu, Cornwall, Corsi, Corsica, Crete, Cronus, Cydonia, Cynetes, Cyprus, Daedalus, Dan Stanislawski, Danaë, Dardanus, Deucalion, Devon, Diodorus, Douro, Dragon, Drone, Ebro, Egypt, El Dorado, Elysium, Emporion, Emporium, Ephorus, Epirus, Erytheia, Eryx, Europa, Eurystheus, Extremophile, Fado, Fortunate Isles, French Riviera, Gadeira, Gadir, Gaia, Galicia, Gallaeci, Gallurese, Gaul, Gárgoris, Geometric art, Geryon, Golden apple, Gorgon, Graces, Greco-Iberian alphabet, Greece, Greek alphabet, Greeks, Griffin, Guadalquivir, Guadiana, Gulf of Cádiz, Gulf of Mexico, Habis, Helios, Hellas, Hellenes, Hellespont, Hera, Heracleidae, Heracles, Herodotus, Hesiod, Hesperides, Hesperus, Hittites, Homer, Huelva, Iberia, Iliad, Iliensi, Intangible cultural heritage, Iolaus, Iolei, Italy, Ithaca, Jerónimo de Arbolanche, Jupiter, Justin, Knossos, Labours of Hercules, Labyrinth, Lake Superior, Launeddas, Lead, Libya, Liguria, Lisbon, Livy, Logudorese, Lusitania, Macaronesia, Madeira, Maghreb, Mainake, Mare Nostrum, Mars, Massaliote Periplus, Mauritania, Málaga, Mediterranean, Medusa, Megalith, Mesopotamia, Michales Loukovikas, Millares, Minoan, Minoan colonization of Spain, Mississippi River, Moirai, Monaco, Monte d'Accoddi, Moors, Morocco, Moses, Moura Encantada, Murcia, Mycenae, Mycenaean, Nîmes, Nile, Nora, Norax, Nuraghe, Nuragic, Oceanid, Oceanus, Odysseus, Odyssey, Oecumene, Oestriminis, Ogyges, Ogygia, Olbia, Olisipo, Ophiussa, Ora Maritima, Orientalizing period, Paleohispanic scripts, Parallel Lives, Pausanias, Pegasus, Periplus, Perseus, Philip, Phocaea, Phoenicia, Pillars of Hercules, Pithos, Plato, Plutarch, Polyphony, Pompeius Trogus, Porto, Portugal, Portus Cale, Poseidon, Potter's wheel, Punics, Pyrene, Pyrenees, Reed pipe, Reggio, Rhys Carpenter, Rio Tinto, Rome, Romulus and Remus, Sado, Santarém, Sardinia, Sardus, Sassari, Saxony, Scalabis, Scandinavia, Scheria, Scotland, Sea peoples, Sefes, Semites, Setúbal, Sherden, Sicily, Simonides, Spain, Stesichorus, Strabo, Strait of Gibraltar, Sulcis, Sumerian, Tagus, Tartessian script, Tartessos, Tavira, Tharros, Theogony, Thera, Tholos, Thrace, Tin, Tin sources and trade, Tiryns, Titan, Trojan War, Turdetani, Valencia, Venus, W. Sheppard Baird, Western Sahara, Woodwind, Zenobius, Zephyr, Zeus. 1 Comment

Chronicle 21. IBERIAN “EL DORADO”

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Χρονικό 21. ΙΒΗΡΙΚΟ “EL DORADO”

● Minoans, Mycenaeans, Phoenicians
in Iberia ● Fortunate Isles, Hesperides
● Sardinia ● Odysseus, Calypso,
Ophiussa ● Tartessos

Michales Loukovikas

“ONE FREQUENTLY MEETS CLAIMS that there was contact between the far western coasts of present Spain and Portugal, and Crete of Minoan times”, comments Dan Stanislawski in his Study in Historical-Political Geography: The Individuality of Portugal, and specifically in Chapter 7 about Contacts Βetween the Ancient Civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean and Iberia.

“It is not only a seductive idea but it makes a reasonable hypothesis, for the Minoans were good navigators, traders, and seekers of metals. Had they known anything of the Iberian Peninsula they might well have been attracted; however, while it is quite possible that the Mediterranean island route to the west was used by them (Rhys Carpenter,

The Greeks in Spain), as yet there is no convincing evidence that it was. The excavations of Almerían culture at Los Millares, which may be dated as of 2000–1800 BC, presented certain items reminiscent of Aegean cultures, but there is no evidence that would clearly demonstrate connection. Such items may represent nothing more than casual parallelism. Other finds of a somewhat later period in Spain make better evidence of contact with the eastern Mediterranean lands, for they can be neatly equated with materials of the Egyptian Tell-el-Amarna of 1400–1200 BC. The Egyptian trade items of this period of time are well known to Spanish archaeology and almost surely may be associated with Phoenician intermediaries. As of the present date, such items may be taken as the earliest evidence of direct contact between Iberia and the eastern Mediterranean navigators.”

Where did the Bronze Age Mediterranean find tin to produce bronze?
Who transported this rare and precious metal to the Mediterranean?

A model of Los Millares with its walls

Voilà! Here is a “neat” example of the established historians’ “classic” mentality: reserved if they write or talk about Minoans, even Hellenes, but garrulous when they lecture about Phoenicians. Indeed, why was it so difficult for t

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