Ludwig van Beethoven

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ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/07/25

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Agora, Alexandria, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Andreas Karakotas, Antígona, Antístrofe, António José Martins, António Quintino, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Argonautas, Armando Soares, Arquipélago, Atenas, Ítaca, Balcãs, Bouzouki, Bulería, Campos Elísios, Cantiga de amigo, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cesária Évora, Christos Megas, Corifeu, Coro, Cramol, Cristiana Serejo, Democracia, Diatónico e cromático, Dimitris Mystakidis, Eros, Escala diatônica, Esmirna, Estásimo, Estrabão, Estrofe, Euripides, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Flamenco, Flauta doce, Friedrich Hölderlin, Gênero cromático, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Heavy metal, Helena, Hesíodo, Hesperides, Hino Hurrita, Homero, Hurritas, Ilhas AfortunadasIlhas Afortunadas, Ilhas Egeias, J. M. Barrie, Jasão, Jónia, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Katolophyromai, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Luís de Camões, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lusofonia, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Manos Hadjidakis, Mar Egeu, Marcia funebre, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Medeia, Meninos Perdidos, Michales Loukovikas, Mikis Theodorakis, Modulação, Ney, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Odisseia, Odisseu, Orestes, Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Partenon, Pã, Pedro Casaes, Penelope, Pericles, Peter Pan, Pilares de Hércules, Pink Floyd, Polis, Povos do Mar, Prémio Camões, Queima de livros, Rebético, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Safo, Salonica, Segue-me à Capela, Sines, Sininho, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Sofia Vitória, Sopa de Pedra, Sotto voce, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Terra do Nunca, Thanassis Tsipinakis, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Trácia, Transilvânia, Ugarit, Ulisses, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Violeta Parra, Zonaradiko. Leave a comment

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Δίαυλοι (Χρονικό)
/ENGLISH/ ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

Sobre as ilhas do Egeu | – vem cá fora e vê! –
os anjos batem as asas | espalhando rosas…

Michales Loukovikas

I. REVISITANDO O ARQUIPÉLAGO
1. O arquipélago
(a. Está a Jónia em flor? / b. Onde está Atenas?)
2. Κατολοφύρομαι (Katolophýromae: É tão profunda a dor)

Hélia Correia está nos nossos corações; e no coração deste Archipelagos. A nossa sequência mais longa é quase toda baseada no seu extenso poema A Terceira Miséria, que começa com uma citação de Friedrich Hölderlin do seu poema Pão e Vinho: Para que servem os poetas em tempos de indigência? Seguindo os passos de Hélia, o nosso ponto de partida foi O arquipélago, também deste poeta. Durante uma viagem ao norte de Portugal, onde vivia sua mãe, Maria José, já com 96 anos, Amélia Muge convenceu-a a recitar com ela alguns excertos deste poema. José Martins lá estava para as gravar. Começámos bem… Agora que penso nisso, sinto que foi uma pena que a filha de Amélia, Cristiana, não tivesse participado também: teríamos três gerações a recitar em conjunto!

O arquipélago, como nos lembrou Hölderlin, era originalmente o Mar Egeu e as suas ilhas. Como introdução, acho que não podíamos encontrar melhor melodia para evocar a música do Egeu do que a desta bela canção tradicional, em versão instrumental, mas cuja primeira estância se pode ler acima. Faltava o “toque” português: ao lado do violino de Kyriakos Gouventas, convocámos a guitarra portuguesa de Ricardo Parreira. Excelente combinação!

Depois havia que resolver o problema do mar. Inicialmente, adicionei sons do mar (ondas, gaivotas, etc.), mas Amélia reagiu: Demasiado realista, disse. Então teve uma ideia fantástica: E se fossem vozes em vez de ondas? Eu e José respondemos em coro: Vamos a isso! Esse coral das ondas, concebido pelo José e cantado em coro por Maria Monda (Sofia, Susana, Tânia), Cramol e Teresa Campos, fez-me sentir que não são apenas ondas do mar, mas também esses anjos voando sobre o Egeu espalhando rosas…

Eurípides

Este foi o primeiro, brilhante, florido excerto do poema (Está a Jónia em flor?). Para o segundo, escuro e sombrio (Onde está Atenas?), fiz novo arranjo de uma antiga composição minha (no Ouro do Céu, para poesia de Ares Alexandrou), que abre caminho a Eurípides e à sua tragédia, Orestes. O stasimon Katolophýromae, introduzido por Harris Lambrakis no ney e flauta de bisel, é cantado em grego antigo por um coro composto por Amélia, Andreas Karakotas, Manos Achalinotópoulos, e eu próprio no papel de corifeu. (Escrevemos sobre Eurípides e Orestes na nossa Arquipédia, uma das secções do eBook que acompanha o CD, onde se pode encontrar muita informação complementar sobre o ARCHiPELAGOS. Muito desta informação é também apresentada aqui no nosso blog, se seguirem os links que estão nos títulos de cada sequência).

1. Friedrich Hölderlin (Der Archipelagus, 1800-1801, excertos, adaptação para português: Amélia Muge) | a. Tradicional do Egeu / b. Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins
2. Eurípides (Orestes, 408 AEC, fragmentos: estrofe e antístrofe) | Adaptação-Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

II. CANTOS DA ARGILA
3. Embalar meninos, acordar adultos
11. Μάγισσα Θάλασσα (Νέοι Λαοί τής Θάλασσας) | Mar feiticeiro (Novos Povos do Mar)

Hino hurrita a Nikkal, Ugarit (séc. XIII AEC)

Num navio do tempo /espaço, viajámos um milénio para trás, de Atenas do séc. V AEC. até Ugarit, Síria, c. 1400, para ouvir um Hino hurrita. Na verdade, depois de Eurípides, não fiquei assim tão fascinado quando o ouvi; mas Amélia quedou-se espantada, pela semelhança com um outro hino, anti-fascista, Acordai!, de José Gomes Ferreira e Fernando Lopes-Graça, escrito por volta de 1946, uma década antes da publicação do hino hurrita. O meu coração oriental, por outro lado, foi sendo tocado por algumas versões do hino no género cromático. O problema era que as mesmas o afastavam de Acordai. Por isso, fizémos duas variações: uma, diatónica, próxima de Acordai (Canção de embalar meninos e acordar adultos), e outra, como lamento diatónico-cromático sobre a tragédia dos refugiados (Mar feiticeiro).

Cabeça de mulher chorando com lenço (1937, possivelmente um estudo para Guernica),
de Pablo Picasso

Foi para mim um choque tremendo ver, na orla de uma praia, a foto do corpo de uma criança que se afogou quando a família tentava passar da Turquia para a Grécia. Os meus versos começam com uma frase que ouvi a outro refugiado, em Marrocos, que não conseguiu atravessar o Estreito de Gibraltar para a Espanha: Quando miro o mar, os meus olhos ficam cheios d’água… Que tocante é a interpretação do meu amigo Andreas Karakotas, tele-dirigido por mim: eu em Lisboa, ele em Salónica! Ana Dias, na harpa, criou o pano de fundo apropriado tanto aqui como no tema Utopia (Ilhas Imaginárias).

3. Amélia Muge / José Gomes Ferreira (Acordai!, excerto) | Anónimo (Hino hurrita antigo, fragmento) / Fernando Lopes-Graça (Acordai!, excerto) | Adaptação: A. Muge. Αrranjo: A. J. Martins
11. Michales Loukovikas | Anónimo (Hino hurrita antigo, fragmento) | Adaptação-Αrranjo: M. Loukovikas

III. MACARONÉSIA (Macárōn Nẽsoe: Ilhas Afortunadas)
4. Ali no meio do mar
5. Dança do trigo
6. Um gingado lamento

Cesária Évora

A Macaronésia é composta por quatro arquipélagos no Atlântico norte: Açores e Madeira (Portugal), Canárias (Espanha) e Cabo Verde. O nome deriva do termo grego Μακάρων Νῆσοι (Macárōn Nẽsoe, Ilhas Afortunadas ou Ilhas dos bem aventurados), usado pelos geógrafos para as ilhas Elísias, ilhas a oeste dos Pilares de Hércules (Estreito de Gibraltar), um paraíso terrestre sem inverno. De acordo com Hesíodo, eram os Campos Elísios, habitados por heróis. Estrabão identificou-as com as ilhas das Hespérides.

Gingado Lamento, de Amélia, dedicado a Cesária Évora, tem este toque mágico. Encantou-me, desde a primeira vez que o ouvi. Assim, como o finale da saga da Macaronésia, que é ainda melhor! Nesta sequência são solistas Amélia e Rita Maria (que canta a Dança do Trigo em castelhano) sendo os coros feitos por Maria Monda e por mim.

4. Amélia Muge / Tradicional (Canárias, Açores) | Arranjo: A. J . Martins, A. Muge
5. Amélia Muge / Tradicional (Canárias) | Arranjo: A. J. Martins, A. Muge
6. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins

IV. PENAS DE AMOR O QUE SÃO?
7. A tentação
8. Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα / Lua desceu, mergulhou
(a. A lua mergulhou / b. Sentidos divididos / c. Eros)

Safo de Ereso, cópia romana de
um original grego (séc. V AEC)

A Tentação, é, a meu ver, uma das melhores composições de Amélia, feita para este poema de Hélia. Disse-lhe muitas vezes ser uma pena não estar num dos seus álbuns. Pronto, aqui está ela! E em boa companhia: a de Safo.

Graças a Amélia, que teve a ideia de a incluir, pesquisei bastante, lendo a poesia Sáfica; para compor, acabei por combinar três fragmentos:(*) A Lua baixou, Sentidos divididos, e Eros. Além do mais convenci Amélia que conseguiria cantar em helénico antigo – experiência que descreveu depois como… um salto sobre o abismo! Neste “salto” é acompanhada por Rita Maria, Catarina Anacleto e Maria Monda.

(*) Embora a sua poesia fosse bem conhecida e grandemente admirada na antiguidade, quase toda chegou até nós em fragmentos, principalmente por a Igreja cristã desaprovar a sua moral e as autoridades eclesiásticas adorarem queimar as suas antologias…

7. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo
8. Safo (em grego antigo e português – adaptação: Amélia Muge) | Michales Loukovikas | Adaptação-Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

V. CANSAÇO DE SER
9. Sono de ser
10. The Hours (As horas)

Fernando Pessoa

Esta sequência é dedicada a Fernando Pessoa. Começa com Sono de ser, outro dos meus temas favoritos, que já tinha sido editado, com outro ambiente musical, no seu CD A Monte. Aqui, o canto de Amélia cria um daqueles raros momentos. É excelentemente acompanhada por Filipe Raposo.

The Hours, um dos Poemas Ingleses de Pessoa, destaca-se também. Compus o tema para Sofia Vitória (CD Echoes, dedicado aos poemas ingleses de Pessoa). Como acabou por não entrar no seu trabalho pude, felizmente, tê-lo aqui com o meu arranjo… heavy metal, reforçado pelo vibrafone de Kostas Hanís e o contrabaixo de António Quintino! Amélia e eu sincronizámos as nossas vozes e o coro (Maria Monda) sintonizou-se connosco.

O modo como compus esta canção foi, para Amélia, fascinante. Durante um dos meus passeios de fim da tarde pela vizinhança, com o The Hours sem me sair da cabeça, lembrei-me do Time dos Pink Floyd com os relógios a tocar logo que a música começa. Decidi então ter um clique de relógios marcando os segundos, os minutos, As horas… Fui acelerando o passo, murmurando as palavras de Fernando e, de repente, a linha do baixo apareceu! Continuei a repetir esta linha até chegar a casa, pois não tinha nada aonde apontar e iria esquecer. Ao chegar, Fernando também me ofertou a linha melódica básica! Trabalhei furiosamente durante… Horas; Só parei quando até o arranjo ficou pronto. Mandei-o imediatamente, felicíssimo, para Amélia…

9. Fernando Pessoa | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo
10. Fernando Pessoa | Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

VI. NA TAVERNA DO PORTO
12. Versos quaisquer (Pedidos com instância)
13. Ο Νικόλας ο ψαράς (Nicolas, o Pescador)

É a sequência do… fadobetiko (termo cunhado por Amélia). O seu tema, à la fado corrido, é baseado num poema satírico de João de Deus, um dos maiores poetas portugueses do séc. XIX. A introdução, feita por Kyriakos Gouventas, tem um sabor a norte dos Balcãs, em acordo com a referência poética à Transilvânia.

Giorgos Mitsakis (E) and Vasilis Tsitsanis (D)

O trágico Nicolas, o pescador, combina dois dos maiores compositores de rebético: Vasilis Tsitsanis, um dos fundadores do rebético moderno (abrindo o caminho a grandes compositores como Manos Hadjidakis e Mikis Theodorakis); e Giorgos Mitsakis, um hábil compositor e letrista, apelidado de o mestre como tocador de bouzouki.

Muito emocionado (desfiz-me em lágrimas ao cantá-la no estúdio; Amélia e o engenheiro de som, Christos Megas, pensavam que eu me estava a rir…), descrevo a trágica figura de uma mãe vestida de negro que durante meses, de pé, em frente ao mar, aguardava a chegada da pesca de seu filho, Nicolas, sem que ninguém tivesse coragem de dizer-lhe que se tinha afogado… Esta canção também comoveu os portugueses. Falaram-me de outras mulheres vestidas de negro que ainda permanecem de pé, à beira-mar, fixando o longe de olhos vazios…

12. João de Deus | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. J. Martins
13. Giorgos Mitsakis | Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS
14. Uma ilha, Utopia
15. Penélope de Ítaca
16. Meninos perdidos

Ulisses entre os Feácios, de Jean Broc. Odisseu mostra seu areté físico ao vencer o concurso de arremesso de disco depois de ser desafiado por um atleta Feácio. Muito antes de Platão, Homero
é o primeiro a descrever a Utopia, ou até a Atlântida, que ele chama Esquéria, a terra dos Feácios.

O nosso fascínio pelos lugares míticos e imaginários. Fico contente que acabe musicalmente na Trácia, onde nasci, com esta dança lendária, zonarádikos, onde se destacam Amélia e Maria Monda (vozes), Manos Achalinotópoulos (clarino/clarinete folk) e Harris Lambrakis (ney). Viajamos antes disso pela Utopia de Thomas More (onde Amélia evoca a Caixa vazia de Ares Alexandrou) e ainda por Ítaca de Penélope e Ulisses, para, finalmente, encalharmos na Terra do Nunca, de J. M. Barrie, encontrando não Peter Pan ou Sininho, mas uns muito especiais Meninos Perdidos.

VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA
17. Sem Deuses
18. Nós
19. Feitiço / Experimentos
20. As ilhas do Egeu
21. A ruína da Grécia
22. Falamos de sombras (Democracia)
23. Um início

Esta sequência tem por base excertos dos poemas de Hélia: Indignação (Nós e Feitiço) e A Terceira Miséria (restantes excertos). N’A Terceira Miséria, poema dedicado à Grécia,(*) começa por citar, como já foi dito no início, Hölderlin: Para quê, para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência? O poeta alemão é referido várias outras vezes, especialmente quando ela fala de Atenas. Senti-me lisonjeado quando vi o Partenon na capa do livro. Ficou Amélia sem palavras, quando leu o poema. Por tudo isto, esta é a nossa sequência principal.

(*) Como expliquei ao falar de Periplus, nosso trabalho anterior, Hélia é uma entusiástica helenista e filelena, reinterpretando os mitos helénicos e dando destaque a heroínas como Antígona, Helena, e Medeia. Tanto no seu poema maior, A Terceira Miséria, como também na Indignação, ela refere-se aos Argonautas de Jasão, à antiga Ágora das poleis helénicas, à Odisseia de Homero, às Ilhas do Egeu e Ruína da Grécia, aos deuses antigos, Pã e Alexandria, a Péricles e à democracia. Quando foi galardoada com o Prémio Camões (2015), a mais prestigiada distinção do mundo Lusófono, dedicou-o à Grécia, de onde vem a poesia, sem a qual não seríamos nada, nem teríamos nada, como disse na cerimónia de entrega do prémio, exclamando no final: Viva a Grécia! Por tudo isto, é uma tristeza que ninguém tenha publicado A Terceira Miséria na Grécia. Enfim, é a quarta miséria da parte da Grécia moderna…

Friedrich Hölderlin, o poeta fileleno, por Johanna Ebertz (1979)

A citação de Hölderlin em Sem Deuses é repetida em Ilhas do Egeu, numa paisagem sonora completamente diferente. Aqui, depois de muitas experiências, usei como modelo a introdução a Eco, composição de Manos Achalinotópoulos, desenvolvendo-a mais no sentido uma improvisação livre. Como Manos está na nossa equipa, foi possível trabalhar com ele esta ideia, que também teve improvisos de Harris Lambrakis, Amélia e Kyriakos Gouventas. Que prazer, ter aqui Hélia recitando a sua própria poesia!

Nós e A Ruína da Grécia são duas canções gêmeas; os poemas da Hélia são aqui gémeos também! Lembro-me de ouvir dentro de mim a melodia da Ruína desde a primeira vez que li Nós, os ateus, nós, os monoteístas… Depois, mudando o compasso de cinco para seis tempos, rearranjei-a para os versos de Nós.

Para ser sincero, não conhecia quase nada sobre Hölderlin. Tentando saber mais, leio na ficha de informação básica da Wikipedia: “Nascimento – 20 de Março…” (Oh, pensei, no mesmo dia que eu!); “… 1770” (Ena! No mesmo ano de Ludwig!!) Imediatamente a seguir tive uma ideia completamente louca: Bem, e depois? Terceira miséria… Terceira sinfonia! Deixa-me ver… Na verdade, não tinha grandes expectativas. Comecei a entoar a Miséria com a melodia da Marcia funebre de Beethoven no Segundo movimento da Eroica. Principiei com a 25ª parte do poema, “Sim, falamos de sombras”… que me pareceu mais adequada. Fiquei espantado! Mas havia mais melodia. Então, agora vamos voltar atrás e tentar a 23ª parte, “A terceira miséria é esta”… Impressionante! Um pouco mais e terminamos a primeira parte da Marcia, pensei. Esse pouco mais foi encontrado na 32ª parte da Miséria: “Estão as praças como ágoras de outrora”… E o mais fantástico de tudo isto: a melodia de Ludwig acabava com a frase de Hélia: “fervilhante palavra própria da democracia” – Inacreditável!!! UM MILAGRE!..

Procurei a partitura de Beethoven. Tinha adaptado de memória a mesma melodia no meu trabalho O Ouro do Céu; mas desta vez queria ser rigoroso. Meticulosamente rearranjei a partitura, atribuindo as linhas melódicas a outros instrumentos, sem deixar nada de fora (espero). O confronto final veio quando apresentei a minha loucura à Amélia. Como não falo português, só então percebi que várias palavras ou frases estavam fora do lugar, não muito bem adaptadas à música. A ajuda dela neste aspecto foi crucial. Depois, foi a minha vez de a convencer de que não queria aqui uma voz operática – talvez até nem Ludwig a quisesse, ou então, porque teria ele acrescentado Sotto voce sob o título? Queria ter a voz dela habitual. Feito! E estou muito orgulhoso do resultado – mesmo que alguns puristas se possam vir a queixar…

Posso dizer aqui o que disse anteriormente a propósito de Eurípides: Se Ludwig nos pudesse ouvir, espero sinceramente que tivesse sorrido e aplaudido aprovadoramente, apesar das pedradas dos puristas! Participaram também, para lá de Maria Monda, Rui Vaz, José Manuel David e Pedro Casaes no coro, Filipe Raposo ao piano, bem como o meu amigo Kosmás Papadópoulos no clarinete.

O que é que alguém poderia compor depois de tal música? Acho que a Amélia nem sequer pensou nisso – e fez ela muito bem; apresentou uma melodia tão primorosa para Um início, que a coloco ao lado de Ludwig! Considero esta sua composição como a melhor do nosso Archipelagos.

17. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. Muge, A. J. Martins, M. Loukovikas
18. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
19. Hélia Correia / A. Muge | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. J. Martins, F. Raposo
20. Hélia Correia | Manos Achalinotópoulos, Amélia Muge | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
Improvisos: H. Lambrakis, M. Achalanitópoulos, A. Muge, K. Gouventas
21. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
22. Hélia Correia | Ludwig van Beethoven (Terceira Sinfonia, Eroica, 1804, Segundo movimento, primeira parte: Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce) | Adaptação-Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
23. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: A. J. Martins, F. Raposo

IX. JÁ SE DÃO AS VOLTAS TODAS
24. Νοσταλγία: Το παράπονο του μετανάστη | Nostalgia: A queixa do emigrante
25. Nostalgia: Cantar de emigração
(a. Sodade / b. Run-Run se fue pa’l norte / c. Cantar de emigração / d. A queixa do emigrante)
26. Alegria

Rosalía de Castro (E) and Violeta Parra (D)

É a nossa sequência sobre migrações e regressos a casa (nostalgia e nostos). Abraçando várias ideias da Amélia, combinei um rebético de Vasilis Tsitsanis (também conhecido pelo título de Como um banido, à deriva), com Cantar de emigração de Rosalía de Castro e José Niza, Run-Run se fue pa´l norte de Violeta Parra e Sodade de Armando Soares. Amélia tinha-me escutado, tempos atrás, a cantar o referido rebético e enviou-me uma adaptação que me lembrou o fado, também aqui incluída como instrumental. Além disso, estou muito feliz por ter connosco representantes dos quatro coros femininos que Amélia convidou para o projeto De Viva Voz (emocionei-me tanto neste concerto!): Cramol, Maria Monda, Catarina Moura (Segue-me à Capela) e Teresa Campos (Sopa de Pedra). Ainda Rita, Rui, David, e Pedro, Paló e Mariana Abrunheiro, Amélia e eu próprio – começando esta aventura Como um banido, à deriva…

José Saramago, por Carlos Botelho

A sequência termina com outra adaptação de Amélia, onde combina a Alegria de José Saramago com uma excelente melodia do nosso amigo Giorgos Andreou, que aqui também dirige a Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas de Patras.

24. Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
25. a. Armando Soares (adaptação: M. Loukovikas) / b. Violeta Parra / c. Rosalía de Castro (adaptação para português: J. Niza) | José Niza / d. Vasilis Tsitsanis (adaptação: A. Muge) | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. Muge
26. José Saramago | Giorgos Andreou | Adaptação: A. Muge, A.J. Martins. Arranjo: G. Andreou

X. O QUE AS ONDAS CONTAM
27. Κύματα μύρια τού πελάγου / Ondas do mar de Vigo
28. Contas do mar (Bulería de Sines)

Exuberância, de Penny Warden

A nossa última sequência começa com outra adaptação de Amélia, combinando uma Cantiga de amigo de Martín Codax, com um rebético de Esmirna de Panaiotis Tountas e que cantamos aqui nas duas línguas. Como na altura estava a trabalhar nas canções de Tountas, Retratos de Mulheres do Rebético, “pintados” com a sua excelente Arte de Modulação, costumava enviar cópias do meu trabalho para a Amélia; no dia dos meus anos, agradeceu-me desta forma, com esta excelente adaptação em forma de presente de aniversário.

O finale é uma peculiar Bulería que compus em Sines, em 2012, quando lá fomos preparar o nosso concerto de apresentação de Periplus, no Festival Músicas do Mundo. Nesse concerto, tocámos esta bulería na sua forma inicial. Daí para a frente mudámos a canção tradicional portuguesa interposta; a que temos agora é mais adaptada à bulería, com um certo sabor espanhol. Eu chamo-lhe pan-ibérica, daí ter combinado a guitarra portuguesa de Ricardo Parreira com a guitarra flamenca de Thomás Natsis. E que bem cantada por Catarina Moura e Teresa Campos, juntamente com Maria Monda, Amélia e, por fim, um coro de crianças. Como Maria Graciete Besse acertadamente comentou analisando o ARCHiPELAGOS:

“O disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro.”

Desfrutem!

27. Martín Codax (adaptação em grego: Michales Loukovikas) | Panaiotis Tountas | Adaptação: A. Muge. Arranjo: M. Loukovikas (Cantiga de amigo de um dos melhores trovadores medievais combinada com a melodia do maior compositor do rebético de Esmirna)
28. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas, Tradicional Português | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas, A. Muge

Outubro 2017

● Ver também: PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (Chronicle) | GIORGOS ANDREOU on ARCHiPELAGOS
| MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on ARCHiPELAGOS | MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on ARCHiPELAGOS

ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Δίαυλοι (Χρονικό)

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/07/11

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, António José Martins, António Quintino, ARCHiPELAGOS, Armando Soares, Bulería, Cantiga de amigo, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cramol, Cristiana Serejo, Eπτατονική κλίμακα, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Festival Músicas do Mundo, Filipe Raposo, Friedrich Hölderlin, Hélia Correia, Heavy metal, Άρης Αλεξάνδρου, Έρως, Έφοροι, Όμηρος, Αρχιπέλαγος, Αργοναύτες, Αγορά, Αζόρες, Αθήνα, Αιγαίο πέλαγος, Αλεξάνδρεια, Αντιστροφή, Αντιγόνη, Ανδρέας Καρακότας, Βραβείο Καμόες, Βίγο, Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης, Βαλκάνια, Βιολέτα Πάρα, Γιώργος Ανδρέου, Γιώργος Μητσάκης, Δημήτρης Μυστακίδης, Δημοκρατία, Διατονική κλίμακα, Ερεσός, Εσπερίδες, Ευριπίδης, Ελένη, Ζωναράδικος, Ζοζέ Σαραμάγκου, Ηράκλειες στήλες, Ησίοδος, Ηλύσια Πεδία, Θράκη, Θωμάς Νάτσης, Θανάσης Τσιπινάκης, Θεσσαλονίκη, Ιωνία, Ιάσονας, Ιθάκη, Κυριάκος Γκουβέντας, Κώστας Χανής, Κάψιμο βιβλίων, Κατολοφύρομαι, Κανάρια, Κιβώτιο, Κορυφαίος, Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης, Κοσμάς Παπαδόπουλος, Λαοί της Θάλασσας, Λισαβόνα, Λουίς δε Καμόες, Λούντβιχ βαν Μπετόβεν, Μaria José Muge, Μάνος Αχαλινωτόπουλος, Μάνος Χατζιδάκις, Μήδεια, Μίκης Θεοδωράκης, Μαδέρα, Μακαρονησία, Μετατροπία, Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας, Νέυ, Νήσοι Μακάρων, Νησιά Αιγαίου, Νιόβη Μπένου, Νικάλ, Ορχήστρα Νυκτών Εγχόρδων, Ορέστης, Ουτοπία, Ουγκαρίτ, Οδυσσέας, Οδύσσεια, Πράσινο Ακρωτήρι, Πόλις, Πένθιμο εμβατήριο, Πίτερ Παν, Παρθενώνας, Παν, Παναγιώτης Τούντας, Περίπλους, Περικλής, Πηνελόπη, Πορτογαλική κιθάρα, Πορτογαλοφωνία, Ρεμπέτικο, Ροσαλία δε Κάστρο, Στράβων, Στροφή, Στάσιμο, Στενό του Γιβραλτάρ, Σαπφώ, Σεζάρια Έβορα, Τρανσυλβανία, Τόμας Μορ, Τα Παιδιά που Χάθηκαν, Τζέιμς Μάθιου Μπάρι, Φρήντριχ Χαίλντερλιν, Φάντο, Φερνάντο Πεσσόα, Φιλέλληνες, Φλαμένκο, Φλογέρα με ράμφος, Χρωματικό γένος, Χρήστος Μέγας, Χώρα του Ποτέ, Χάρης Λαμπράκης, Χορός, Χουρρίτες, Χουρριτικοί ύμνοι, Ωκεανός, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Martins, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Ludwig van Beethoven, Maria Graciete Besse, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Paló, Pedro Casaes, Pink Floyd, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Segue-me à Capela, Sines, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Sofia Vitória, Sopa de Pedra, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Tinker Bell, Violeta Parra. Leave a comment

ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Δίαυλοι (Χρονικό)

Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Passages)

/ENGLISH/ ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)
/PORTUGUÊS/ ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Μες στου Αιγαίου τα νησιά | – πρόβαλλε να ιδείς! –
αγγέλοι φτερουγίζουν | τριαντάφυλλα σκορπίζουν…

Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας

I. REVISITANDO O ARQUIPÉLAGO | ΕΠΙΣΤΡΟΦΗ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ
1. O arquipélago | Το αρχιπέλαγος
(α. Ανθοφορεί η Ιωνία; / β. Πού είναι η Αθήνα;)
2. Κατολοφύρομαι (Ὀρέστης) | É tão profunda a dor (Orestes)

Η Hélia Correia είναι στην καρδιά μας· μα και στην καρδιά τού Αρχιπελάγους μας! Η μεγαλύτερη ενότητά μας βασίζεται κυρίως στο μεγάλο της ποίημα, Η τρίτη αθλιότητα, που το αρχίζει επικαλούμενη τον Friedrich Hölderlin (από το ποίημά του Άρτος και Οίνος: Άραγε τι χρησιμεύουν οι ποιητές μας στης ένδειας τις εποχές;). Μιμούμενοι το παράδειγμά της, επιλέξαμε ως αφετηρία το ποίημά του, Το αρχιπέλαγος. Και όταν η Amélia Muge πήγε να επισκεφθεί την ηλικιωμένη της μητέρα στη βόρεια Πορτογαλία, την έπεισε να απαγγείλουν μαζί κάποια αποσπάσματα του ποιήματος, ενώ ο José Martins τούς ηχογράφησε. Καλό υλικό να ξεκινήσει κανείς… Τώρα που το σκέφτομαι, ήταν κρίμα, νομίζω, που η κόρη τής Αμέλιας, η Cristiana, δεν συμμετείχε επίσης: θα είχαμε έτσι τρεις γενιές να απαγγέλλουν μαζί!

Το αρχιπέλαγος, μας υπενθύμισε ο Hölderlin, ήταν αρχικά το Αιγαίο πέλαγος και τα νησιά του. Έπρεπε λοιπόν να ξεκινήσουμε με αιγαιοπελαγίτικη μουσική. Πιστεύω πως δεν θα μπορούσαμε να βρούμε καλύτερη μελωδία για εισαγωγή από το πανέμορφο παραδοσιακό που την πρώτη του στροφή μπορείτε να διαβάσετε παραπάνω. Όμως, νιώσαμε πως κάποιο πορτογαλικό άρωμα ήταν απαραίτητο. Έτσι, δίπλα στο βιολί τού Κυριάκου Γκουβέντα προσθέσαμε την πορτογαλική κιθάρα τού Ricardo Parreira. Έξοχος συνδυασμός!

Έπειτα έπρεπε να λύσουμε το πρόβλημα της θάλασσας. Στην αρχή έβαλα θαλασσινούς ήχους (κύματα, γλάρους, κλπ.), όμως η Αμέλια διαφώνησε: Υπερβολικά ρεαλιστικό, είπε. Και τότε της ήρθε μια υπέροχη ιδέα: Τι λέτε για φωνές αντί για κύματα; Ο José κι εγώ απαντήσαμε ἐν χορῷ: Ναι!! Αυτά λοιπόν τα χορωδιακά κύματα, σχεδιασμένα από τον José, και τραγουδισμένα από τους Maria Monda, Cramol και Teresa Campos, μου δώσανε την αίσθηση πως δεν είναι μόνον κύματα της θάλασσας· είναι κι εκείνοι οι αγγέλοι που στο Αιγαίο φτερουγίζουν και τριαντάφυλλα σκορπίζουν…

Ευριπίδης

Αυτό ήταν το πρώτο, φωτεινό, ρόδινο απόσπασμα τού ποιήματος: Ανθοφορεί η Ιωνία; Στο δεύτερο, το σκοτεινό και μελαγχολικό – Πού είναι η Αθήνα; – διασκεύασα μια παλαιότερη σύνθεσή μου (από Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού, σε ποίηση Άρη Αλεξάνδρου) για ν’ ανοίξει ο δρόμος προς τον Εὐριπίδη και την τραγωδία του, Ὀρέστης. Το στάσιμον Κατολοφύρομαι αποδίδεται στ’ αρχαία ελληνικά από τον χορό, που απαρτίζουν η Αμέλια, ο Ανδρέας Καρακότας, ο Μάνος Αχαλινωτόπουλος, κι εγώ ως κορυφαίος, με εισαγωγή τού Χάρη Λαμπράκη στο νέυ και την φλογέρα με ράμφος. (Σχετικά με τον Ευριπίδη και τον Ορέστη, σας παραπέμπουμε στην Αρχιπαιδεία, στο eBook που συνοδεύει το CD, όπου υπάρχει πλήθος πληροφοριών σχετικά με το Αρχιπέλαγός μας. Πολλές από αυτές τις πληροφορίες μπορείτε να τις βρείτε κι εδώ, στο ιστολόγιό μας, ακολουθώντας τούς συνδέσμους που βλέπετε στους τίτλους τής κάθε ενότητας).

1. Friedrich Hölderlin (Der Archipelagus, 1800-1801: αποσπάσματα που απέδωσε στα πορτογαλικά η Amélia Muge) | α. Παραδοσιακό Αιγαίου / β. Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας, A. J. Martins
2. Εὐριπίδης (Ὀρέστης, 408 ΠΚΕ: σπαράγματα: στροφή–αντιστροφή) | Προσαρμογή-Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας

II. CANTOS DA ARGILA | ΤΡΑΓΟΥΔΙΑ ΑΠΟ ΠΗΛΟ
3. Embalar meninos, acordar adultos | Νανουρίζοντας παιδιά, αφυπνίζοντας μεγάλους
11. Μάγισσα Θάλασσα (Νέοι Λαοί τής θάλασσας) | Mar feiticeiro (Novos Ρovos do mar)

Ύμνος Χουρριτών στη Νικάλ, Ουγκαρίτ (13ος αι. ΠΚΧ)

Με το σκάφος τού χωροχρόνου πήγαμε πίσω μια χιλιετία, από την Αθήνα τού 408 ΠΚΕ στην Ουγκαρίτ τής Συρίας γύρω στο 1400, ακούγοντας έναν Χουρριτικό ύμνο.⁽²⁾ Να πω την αλήθεια, μετά από τον Ευριπίδη, δεν ενθουσιάστηκα ιδιαίτερα. Όμως η Αμέλια έμεινε με ανοιχτό το στόμα από την ομοιότητά του μ’ έναν πορτογαλικό αντιφασιστικό ύμνο: το Acordai! (Ξυπνήστε!) των José Gomes Ferreira και Fernando Lopes-Graça. Η καρδιά μου η ανατολίτικη, πάλι, συγκινήθηκε από κάποιες ερμηνείες τού χουρριτικού ύμνου στο χρωματικό γένος. Το πρόβλημα ήταν πως οι ἐν λόγῳ ερμηνείες απομακρύνονταν από το Acordai. Γι’ αυτό αποφασίσαμε να έχουμε τον ύμνο σε δυο παραλλαγές, ως διατονικό νανούρισμα κοντά στο Acordai, και ως διατονικό-χρωματικό μοιρολόι για την τραγωδία των προσφύγων.

Η γυναίκα που κλαίει (μαλλον σπουδή για την Guernica), του Pablo Picasso (1937)

Σοκαρίστηκα τόσο όταν είδα στην ακτή ένα νήπιο που πνίγηκε καθώς η οικογένειά του προσπαθούσε να περάσει από την Τουρκία στην Ελλάδα. Οι στίχοι μου αρχίζουν με την φράση ενός άλλου πρόσφυγα στο Μαρόκο, που δεν μπορούσε να διασχίσει το Στενό τού Γιβραλτάρ και να πάει στην Ισπανία: Όποτε κοιτώ θάλασσα, δάκρυα δεν βαστώ… Ο φίλος μου, ο Ανδρέας Καρακότας, ερμήνευσε ωραία το τραγούδι υπό την… τηλε-διεύθυνσή μου: εγώ στη Λισαβόνα, εκείνος Θεσσαλονίκη! Η Ana Dias με την άρπα της δημιούργησε εδώ, όπως και στην Ουτοπία των Νησιών τής Φαντασίας, την κατάλληλη υπόκρουση.

3. Amélia Muge / José Gomes Ferreira (απόσπασμα Acordai!) | Αρχαίος ύμνος Χουρριτών (σπάραγμα) / Fernando Lopes-Graça (απόσπασμα Acordai!) | Προσαρμογή: A. Muge. Eνορχήστρωση: A. J. Martins
11. Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Αρχαίος ύμνος Χουρριτών (σπάραγμα) | Προσαρμογή- Eνορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας

III. MACARONÉSIA | ΜΑΚΑΡΟΝΗΣΙΑ (Μακάρων νῆσοι: Ilhas Afortunadas)
4. Ali no meio do mar | Εκεί μεσοπέλαγα
5. Dança do trigo | Χορός τού σταριού
6. Um gingado lamento | Παλλόμενο μοιρολόι

Cesária Évora

Μακαρονησία: τέσσερα αρχιπελάγη τού βόρειου Ατλαντικού. Πρόκειται για τις Αζόρες και τη Μαδέρα, που ανήκουν στην Πορτογαλία, τα Κανάρια, που είναι τμήμα τής Ισπανίας, και το Πράσινο Ακρωτήρι. Το όνομα προέρχεται από τον ελληνικό όρο Μακάρων Νῆσοι που χρησιμοποιούσαν οι γεωγράφοι αναφερόμενοι στα παραδείσια νησιά δυτικά των Ηρακλείων Στηλών (Στενό Γιβραλτάρ). Κατά τον Ησίοδο, ήταν ο επίγειος παράδεισος, τόπος των ηρώων, τα Ηλύσια πεδία. Τα τοποθετούσαν στο δυτικό πέρας τής γης, κοντά στον ποταμό Ωκεανό που, κατά τους αρχαίους, έρεε πέριξ τής γης. Ο Στράβων τα ταύτιζε με τα νησιά των Εσπερίδων.

Το Παλλόμενο μοιρολόι τής Αμέλιας, αφιερωμένο στη Cesária Évora, έχει επίσης κάτι το μαγικό: το αγάπησα από την πρώτη στιγμή. Τώρα, ως το finale μιας… μακαρονησιακής saga, είναι ακόμη πιο ωραίο! Στην ενότητα αυτή τραγουδά η Αμέλια (που, στον Χορό τού σταριού, έχει παρέα την Rita Maria να αποδίδει το καστιλιάνικο μέρος), ενώ συνοδεύουν στα φωνητικά οι Maria Monda κι εγώ.

4. Παραδοσιακά Καναρίων & Αζορών, Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: A. J. Martins, A. Muge
5. Παραδοσιακό Καναρίων, Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: A. J. Martins, A. Muge
6. Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας, A. J. Martins

IV. PENAS DE AMOR O QUE SÃO? | ἜΡΟΣ, ΓΛΥΚΥΠΙΚΡΟΝ ὌΡΠΕΤΟΝ
7. A tentação | Ο πειρασμός
8. Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα (Έδυσε η σελήνη) | Lua desceu, mergulhou
(α. Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα / β. Δίχα τὰ νοήματα / γ. Ἔρος)

ΣΑΠΦΩ ΕΡΕΣΙΑ, ρωμαϊκό αντίγραφο ελληνικής
προτομής 5ου αι. ΠΚΧ

Ο πειρασμός, γραμμένος από την Ἣλια (Hélia Correia), είναι για μένα ένα από τα ωραιότερα τραγούδια τής Αμέλιας. Της είπα πολλές φορές πως είναι κρίμα που δεν υπάρχει σε κανένα από τα άλμπουμ της. Ἰδού, λοιπόν! Και με πολύ καλή παρέα: την Σαπφώ.

Χάρη στην Αμέλια που την σκέφτηκε, έψαξα πολύ, διαβάζοντας σαπφική ποίηση, και τελικά συνδύασα τρία σπαράγματα για να συνθέσω:(*) Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα, Δίχα τὰ νοήματα, και Ἔρος. Επιπλέον, έπεισα την Αμέλια ότι μπορεί να τραγουδήσει και στ’ αρχαία ελληνικά (κάτι που η ίδια περιέγραψε ως… άλμα στην άβυσσο)! Σε αυτό της το “άλμα” την συνοδεύουν οι Rita Maria, Catarina Anacleto και Maria Monda.

(*) Αν και τα ποιήματά της ήταν πασίγνωστα και τόσο αγαπητά στην αρχαιότητα, ό,τι μας μένει είναι μάλλον σπαράγματα, πρωτίστως επειδή το ήθος της δεν ήταν της αρεσκείας των ιθυνόντων τής Χριστιανικής Εκκλησίας στον Μεσαίωνα, που είχαν τη μανία να καίνε βιβλία, κι έριχναν τις ανθολογίες της στην πυρά…

7. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo
8. Sappho (στ’ αρχαία ελληνικά – και στα πορτογαλικά σε απόδοση Amélia Muge) | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Προσαρμογή-Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας

V. CANSAÇO DE SER | Η ΚΟΠΩΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΕΙΝΑΙ
9. Sono de ser | Ο ύπνος τού είναι
10. The Hours | Οι ώρες

Fernando Pessoa

Μια ενότητα αφιερωμένη στον Fernando Pessoa. Ο ύπνος τού είναι περιλαμβάνεται επίσης στα αγαπημένα μου τραγούδια τής Αμέλιας, που καταθέτει εδώ μιαν από εκείνες τις σπάνιες ερμηνείες, συνοδευόμενη υπέροχα από τον Filipe Raposo.

Οι ώρες, ένα από τα Αγγλικά ποιήματα του Pessoa, είναι άλλη μια ξεχωριστή στιγμή. Το συνέθεσα για τη Sofia Vitória και το CD της, Echoes. Χαίρομαι που τελικά δεν το περιέλαβε κι έτσι είναι εδώ με τη δική μου… heavy metal ενορχήστρωση, ενισχυμένη περαιτέρω από το βιμπράφωνο του Κώστα Χανή και το κόντρα μπάσο τού António Quintino! Η Αμέλια κι εγώ συγχρονίσαμε τις φωνές μας, και τα κορίτσια (Maria Monda) συντονίστηκαν μαζί μας ἐν χορῷ.

Η Αμέλια διασκέδασε με τον τρόπο που συνέθεσα αυτό το τραγούδι, ενώ έκανα τη βόλτα μου στη γειτονιά, με τις Ώρες να μην ξεκολλούν από το μυαλό μου. Θυμήθηκα το Time των Pink Floyd και τα ξυπνητήρια να χτυπούν στο ξεκίνημά του, και θέλησα ν’ αρχίσω κι εγώ με ρολόγια να μετρούν ανελέητα με το τικ-τακ τους τα δευτερόλεπτα, τα λεπτά, τις Ώρες… Προσάρμοσα τον βηματισμό μου σε αυτόν τον γρήγορο ρυθμό μουρμουρίζοντας τα λόγια τού Fernando και, αἴφνης, η γραμμή τού μπάσου έκανε την εμφάνισή της! Επαναλάμβανα συνεχώς αυτήν την γραμμή, καθώς δεν είχα μαζί μου τίποτα για να την καταγράψω, μήπως και την ξεχάσω μέχρι να φτάσω σπίτι. Σε αυτό το διάστημα, ο Fernando μού έκανε δώρο και τη βασική μελωδική γραμμή! Δούλεψα για Ώρες δίχως σταματημό, μέχρι να τελειώσω ως και την ενορχήστρωση. Χωρίς να… χρονοτριβήσω διόλου, έστειλα πανευτυχής τις Ώρες στην Αμέλια…

9. Fernando Pessoa | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo
10. Fernando Pessoa | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας

VI. NA TAVERNA DO PORTO | Η ΤΑΒΕΡΝΑ ΣΤΟ ΛΙΜΑΝΙ
12. Versos quaisquer (Pedidos com instância) | Στιχοπλοκαὶ τινές (Επίμονα αιτήματα)
13. Ο Νικόλας ο ψαράς | Nicolas, o pescador

Η ενότητα του… fadoμπέτικου (όρος που επινόησε η Αμέλια). Το τραγούδι της, σε στυλ fado corrido, είναι μελοποίηση σατιρικού ποιήματος του João de Deus, ενός από τους κορυφαίους Πορτογάλους ποιητές τού 19ου αιώνα. Η εισαγωγή που παίζει ο Κυριάκος Γκουβέντας έχει βόρειο βαλκανικό άρωμα επειδή το ποίημα αναφέρεται αρχικά στην Τρανσυλβανία.

Γιώργος Μητσάκης (Α) και Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης (Δ)

Ο τραγικός Νικόλας ο ψαράς είναι το αποτέλεσμα της συνεργασίας δυο μεγάλων δημιουργών τού ρεμπέτικου: του Βασίλη Τσιτσάνη, που συνέβαλε καθοριστικά στη διαμόρφωση του σύγχρονου ρεμπέτικου (ανοίγοντας τον δρόμο σε μεγάλους συνθέτες, όπως οι Μάνος Χατζιδάκις και Μίκης Θεοδωράκης), και του Γιώργου Μητσάκη, εξαίρετου συνθέτη και στιχουργού πολλών τραγουδιών, που ως μπουζουξής ήταν γνωστός με το προσωνύμιο ο μάστορας.

Με μεγάλη συγκίνηση (μ’ έπιασαν τα κλάματα τραγουδώντας στο studio· η Αμέλια και ο ηχολήπτης, Χρήστος Μέγας, νόμισαν πως γελούσα…), περιγράφω την τραγική φιγούρα τής μαυροφορεμένης μάνας που, αν κι έχουν περάσει μήνες, στέκεται ακόμη στο ακρογιάλι περιμένοντας τον γιο της, τον Νικόλα, να γυρίσει, αφού κανείς δεν έχει το κουράγιο να της πει πως πνίγηκε… Το τραγούδι συγκίνησε πολύ και τους Πορτογάλους. Μου είπαν για μαυροφορεμένες γυναίκες που στέκονται ακόμα στο ακρογιάλι κοιτώντας με άδειο βλέμμα την θάλασσα…

12. João de Deus | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: A. J. Martins
13. Γιώργος Μητσάκης | Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας

VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS | ΝΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΦΑΝΤΑΣΙΑΣ
14. Uma ilha, Utopia | Ένα νησί, η Ουτοπία
15. Penélope de Ítaca | Η Πηνελόπη τής Ιθάκης
16. Meninos perdidos | Τα παιδιά που χάθηκαν

Ο Οδυσσέας στους Φαίακες, του Jean Broc. Ο ήρωας δείχνει την φυσική του ἀρετή, νικώντας στην ρίψη τού δίσκου, μετά από πρόκληση Φαίακος αθλητή. Πολύ πριν από τον Πλάτωνα, ο Όμηρος πρώτος περιγράφει την Ουτοπία, ή και την Ατλαντίδα, που ονομάζει Σχερία, ή Φαιακία.

Η γοητεία τής φαντασίας και του μύθου. Μου αρέσει που μουσικά τελειώνει στην Θράκη, όπου γεννήθηκα, μ’ έναν… θρυλικό ζωναράδικο χορό, που αποδίδουν οι Αμέλια και Maria Monda, με τους Μάνο Αχαλινωτόπουλο και Χάρη Λαμπράκη στο κλαρίνο και το νέυ. Προηγουμένως, όμως, ταξιδεύουμε στην Ουτοπία τού Thomas More (με την Αμέλια να θυμάται το άδειο Κιβώτιο του Άρη Αλεξάνδρου), στην Ιθάκη τής Πηνελόπης και του Οδυσσέα, ώσπου προσαράζουμε στην Χώρα τού Ποτέ, του J. M. Barrie. Αν και δεν βρίσκουμε τον Peter Pan ή την Tinker Bell, συναντούμε μιαν απίθανη τσακαλοπαρέα: είναι Τα παιδιά που χάθηκαν.

VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA | ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΟΧΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΔΕΙΑΣ
17. Sem Deuses | Χωρίς θεούς
18. Nós | Εμείς
19. Feitiço (Experimentos) | Ξόρκι (Πειραματισμοί)
20. As ilhas do Egeu | Τα νησιά τού Αιγαίου
21. A ruína da Grécia | Ο χαμός τής Ελλάδας
22. Falamos de sombras (Democracia) | Μιλάμε για ίσκιους (Δημοκρατία)
23. Um início | Μια αρχή

Η ενότητα της Ἣλιας, με τα ποιήματα Η τρίτη αθλιότητα και Αγανάκτηση (τα Εμείς και Ξόρκι είναι από την Αγανάκτηση· τα υπόλοιπα από την Αθλιότητα). Όπως είπα, η Ἣλια ξεκινά παραπέμποντας στον Hölderlin: Άραγε τι χρησιμεύουν οι ποιητές μας στης ένδειας τις εποχές; Εμμέσως τον μνημονεύει αρκετές φορές, ιδίως όταν μιλά για την Αθήνα, καθώς το ποίημά της είναι αφιερωμένο στην Ελλάδα.(*) Κολακεύτηκα βλέποντας τον Παρθενώνα στο εξώφυλλο· η Αμέλια έμεινε άναυδη διαβάζοντάς το. Αποφασίσαμε πως αυτή θα ήταν η κύρια ενότητά μας.

(*) Όπως είπα μιλώντας για τον Περίπλου, την προηγούμενη δουλειά μας, η Hélia Correia είναι μια ενθουσιώδης ελληνίστρια και φιλλέλλην, που ανέπλασε ελληνικούς μύθους από την σκοπιά ηρωίδων, όπως η Αντιγόνη, η Ελένη, και η Μήδεια. Στο πολυσήμαντο ποίημά της, Η τρίτη αθλιότητα, αλλά και στην Αγανάκτηση, που έχει αφιερώσει στην Ελλάδα, αναφέρεται στους Αργοναύτες τού Ιάσονα, στην αρχαία Αγορά των ελληνικών πόλεων, στην Ομήρου Οδύσσεια, στα Νησιά τού Αιγαίου και τον Χαμό τής Ελλάδας, στους αρχαίους θεούς, τον Πάνα και την Αλεξάνδρεια, στον Περικλή και τη δημοκρατία. Όταν της απονεμήθηκε το Βραβείο Camões (2015), η σπουδαιότερη λογοτεχνική διάκριση στον πορτογαλόφωνο κόσμο, το αφιέρωσε στην Ελλάδα, όπου γεννήθηκε η ποίηση, χωρίς την οποία δεν θα είμαστε τίποτε και δεν θα είχαμε τίποτε, όπως είπε στην ομιλία της, κλείνοντας με την αναφώνηση: Ζήτω η Ελλάδα! Είναι, λοιπόν, δυο φορές κρίμα που κανείς εδώ δεν ενδιαφέρεται για την έκδοση της Τρίτης αθλιότητας στην Ελλάδα. Αυτό πια είναι μια… τέταρτη αθλιότητα από την πλευρά μας!

Η παραπομπή στον Hölderlin στo ξεκίνημα (Χωρίς θεούς) ακούγεται και πάλι στα Νησιά τού Αιγαίου, σ’ ένα εντελώς διαφορετικό ηχητικό περιβάλλον. Εδώ, μετά από πολλές δοκιμές, χρησιμοποίησα ως πρότυπο την εισαγωγή στην Ηχώ, μια σύνθεση του Μάνου Αχαλινωτόπουλου, αναπτύσσοντάς την περαιτέρω ως έναν ελεύθερο αυτοσχεδιασμό. Καθώς ο Μάνος είναι στην παρέα μας, μπόρεσα να επεξεργαστώ την ιδέα μαζί του. Αυτοσχεδίασαν επίσης ο Χάρης Λαμπράκης, η Αμέλια και ο Κυριάκος Γκουβέντας. Τι καλά που η Ἣλια απήγγειλε κιόλας την ποίησή της!

Ο φιλέλληνας ποιητής Friedrich Hölderlin, από την Johanna Ebertz (1979)

Ο χαμός τής Ελλάδας και Εμείς είναι τα δίδυμα τραγούδια τής ενότητας (τα δυο παραπάνω ποιήματα της Ἣλιας είναι επίσης δίδυμα!). Θυμάμαι πως άκουγα μέσα μου τη μελωδία τού Χαμού τής Ελλάδας από την πρώτη κιόλας στιγμή που διάβασα “Nós, os ateus, nós, os monoteístas,” (Εμείς, οι αθέοι, οι μονοθεϊστές)… Αλλάζοντας τον ρυθμό από πεντάσημο σε εξάσημο, την αναπροσάρμοσα σύμφωνα με τους στίχους τού Εμείς.

Ομολογώ πως ως τότε γνώριζα τον Hölderlin μόνον ως όνομα. Θέλοντας να μάθω περισσότερα στην Wikipedia, είδα την κάρτα με τα βασικά του στοιχεία: “Γέννηση – 20 Μαρτίου…” (Για δες, σκέφτηκα, ίδια μέρα με μένα!) “… 1770” (Ώπα! Ίδια χρονιά με τον Ludwig!!) Αμέσως σκέφτηκα κάτι… θεοπάλαβο. Χμ! Ενδιαφέρον: Τρίτη αθλιότητα… Τρίτη Συμφωνία! Για να δούμε… Να πω την αλήθεια, δεν περίμενα και πολλά. Άρχισα να σιγοτραγουδώ την Αθλιότητα με τη μελωδία τού Πένθιμου εμβατηρίου τού Beethoven, στη Δεύτερη κίνηση της Ηρωικής. Άρχισα με το 25ο μέρος τού ποιήματος, “Ναι, μιλάμε για ίσκιους…” καθώς μου φάνηκε πως ταιριάζει περισσότερο. Έμεινα κατάπληκτος! Όμως η μελωδία δεν είχε τελειώσει. Τώρα ας πάμε πίσω στο 23ο μέρος, “Αυτή είναι η τρίτη αθλιότητα…” Έμεινα εμβρόντητος!! Λίγο ακόμη και τελειώνουμε το πρώτο μέρος τού Εμβατηρίου, σκέφτηκα. Αυτό το λίγο ακόμη βρέθηκε στο 32ο μέρος τής Αθλιότητας: “Οι πλατείες είναι οι αγορές τού τότε…” Το πιο φανταστικό απ’ όλα: η μελωδία τού Ludwig τέλειωσε με “το άκουσμα της φλογερής λέξης τής δημοκρατίας” τής Ἣλιας – απίστευτο!!! ΘΑΥΜΑ!..

Έψαξα να βρω την παρτιτούρα τού Beethoven. Είχα διασκευάσει από μνήμης την ίδια μελωδία σε προηγούμενη δουλειά μου (Το χρυσάφι τ’ ουρανού). Όμως αυτήν την φορά ήθελα ακρίβεια. Δούλεψα σχολαστικά πάνω στην παρτιτούρα του, δίνοντας τις μελωδικές του γραμμές σε άλλα όργανα, χωρίς να παραλείψω τίποτε (ελπίζω). Το τελικό crash test ήρθε όταν παρουσίασα την θεότρελη ιδέα μου στην Αμέλια. Καθώς δεν μιλώ πορτογαλικά, κατάλαβα πως διάφορες λέξεις ή φράσεις ήταν αταίριαστες, όχι καλά προσαρμοσμένες στη μουσική. Η βοήθειά της σε αυτόν τον τομέα ήταν καθοριστική. Κι έπειτα ήταν η σειρά μου να την πείσω πως δεν ήθελα κάποια οπερατική φωνή, θα μου ήταν απεχθής μια τέτοια φωνή, και ίσως ακόμη και ο Ludwig θα ενοχλούνταν – γιατί, άλλωστε, έγραψε Sotto voce κάτω από τον τίτλο; Ἐν ὀλίγοις, ήθελα τη δική της φωνή. Ὅπερ καὶ ἐγένετο! Είμαι πολύ περήφανος για το αποτέλεσμα – κι ας ενοχληθούν κάποιοι πουρίστες…

Μπορώ εδώ να πω ό,τι είπα και για τον Ευριπίδη: ελπίζω, αν μας ακούσει ο Ludwig, να χαμογελάσει και να χειροκροτήσει με επιδοκιμασία – κι άσε τούς πουρίστες να εξαπολύουν μύδρους! Συμμετέχουν εδώ, μεταξύ άλλων, στα φωνητικά οι Maria Monda, Rui Vaz, José Manuel David και Pedro Casaes, ο Filipe Raposo στο πιάνο, καθώς και ο φίλος Κοσμάς Παπαδόπουλος με το κλαρινέτο του.

Τι να συνθέσει κανείς μετά από μια τέτοια μουσική; Η Αμέλια, υποθέτω, ούτε που το σκέφτηκε – και καλά έκανε· παρουσιάζοντας μιαν απέριττη, υπέροχη μελωδία για το finale (Μια αρχή), ώστε στάθηκε δίπλα στον Ludwig ως ίση! Θεωρώ αυτήν τη σύνθεσή της ως την καλύτερη στο Αρχιπέλαγός μας.

17. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: A. Muge, A. J. Martins, Μ. Λουκοβίκας
18. Hélia Correia | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας
19. Hélia Correia (A. Muge) | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: A. J. Martins, F. Raposo
20. Hélia Correia | Μάνος Αχαλινωτόπουλος, Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας
Ελεύθερος αυτοσχεδιασμός: Χ. Λαμπράκης, Μ. Αχαλινωτόπουλος, A. Muge, Κ. Γκουβέντας
21. Hélia Correia | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας
22. Hélia Correia | Ludwig van Beethoven (Τρίτη Συμφωνία, Ηρωική, 1804, Δεύτερη κίνηση, πρώτο μέρος: Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce) | Προσαρμογή-Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας
23. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: A. J. Martins, F. Raposo

IX. JÁ SE DÃO AS VOLTAS TODAS | ΝΟΣΤΑΛΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΝΟΣΤΟΣ
24. Νοσταλγία: Το παράπονο του μετανάστη | Nostalgia: A queixa do imigrante
25. Nostalgia: Cantar de emigração | Νοσταλγία: Τραγουδώντας την ξενιτιά
(α. Sodade / β. Run-Run se fue pa’l norte / γ. Cantar de emigração / δ. Το παράπονο του μετανάστη)
26. Alegria | Ευθυμία (Αλεγρία)

Rosalía de Castro (Α) και Violeta Parra (Δ)

Η ενότητά μας για την Ξενιτιά και τον Νόστο. Υιοθετώντας διάφορες ιδέες τής Αμέλιας, συνδύασα ένα ρεμπέτικο του Βασίλη Τσιτσάνη (γνωστό και με τον τίτλο Σαν απόκληρος γυρίζω), με τα Run-Run se fue pa´l norte, της Βιολέτας Parra, Cantar de emigração, της Ροζαλίας de Castro και του José Niza, και Sodade, του Αρμάνδου Soares. Η Αμέλια, ακούγοντάς με να τραγουδώ αυτό το ρεμπέτικο, μου έστειλε μια διασκευή της που μου θύμισε fado, κι ενσωματώθηκε ως οργανικό μέρος. Είμαι πανευτυχής καθώς έχουμε εδώ εκπροσώπους και των τεσσάρων γυναικείων χορωδιών που επέλεξε η Αμέλια για το εγχείρημα De Viva Voz (συγκινήθηκα τόσο σ’ εκείνη τη συναυλία!): οι Cramol (σε απαρτία), Maria Monda, Catarina Moura των Segue-me à Capela, και Teresa Campos των Sopa de Pedra, συν τους Rita, Rui, David και Pedro, Paló και Mariana Abrunheiro, Amélia κι εμένα – που ξεκινώ αυτήν την περιπέτεια “Σαν απόκληρος”…

José Saramago,
του Carlos Botelho

Η ενότητα καταλήγει σε μια προσαρμογή τής Αμέλιας, όπου η Alegria τού José Saramago συνυπάρχει με μιαν ωραία μελωδία τού φίλου μας, Γιώργου Ανδρέου, που διευθύνει εδώ την Ορχήστρα Νυκτών Εγχόρδων τής Πάτρας.⁽⁶⁾

24. Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας
25. α. Armando Soares (διασκευή Μ. Λουκοβίκα) / β. Violeta Parra / γ. Rosalía de Castro (απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά: J. Niza) | José Niza / δ. Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης (διασκευή A. Muge) | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας, A. Muge
26. José Saramago | Γιώργος Ανδρέου | Προσαρμογή: A. Muge, A. J. Martins. Ενορχήστρωση: Γ. Ανδρέου

X. O QUE AS ONDAS CONTAM | ΜΥΘΟΙ ΤΩΝ ΚΥΜΑΤΩΝ
27. Κύματα μύρια τού πελάγου | Ondas do mar de Vigo
28. Contas do mar (Bulería de Sines) | Μύθοι των κυμάτων (Bulería τού Sines)

Έξω καρδιά, της Penny Warden

Η τελευταία μας ενότητα αρχίζει με μιαν άλλη διασκευή τής Αμέλιας, όπου “παντρεύει” μια Cantiga de amigo τού Martín Codax, μ’ ένα σμυρναίικο ρεμπέτικο του Παναγιώτη Τούντα, που αποδίδουμε και στις δυο γλώσσες. Δούλευα τότε πάνω στα τραγούδια τού Τούντα, στα Πορτραίτα Γυναικών τού Ρεμπέτικου, που τα φιλοτέχνησε με την εξαίρετή του Τέχνη τής Μετατροπίας, ενημερώνοντας σχετικά την Αμέλια· κι εκείνη μ’ ευχαρίστησε, στέλνοντάς μου ευχές για τα γενέθλιά μου, με αυτήν την ωραία διασκευή.

Το finale είναι μια ιδιόμορφη Bulería που συνέθεσα στο Sines το 2012. Είχαμε πάει εκεί για να κανονίσουμε σχετικά με την εμφάνισή μας στο Festival Músicas do Mundo, παρουσιάζοντας τον Περίπλου. Σε κείνη τη συναυλία παίξαμε και την Bulería στην αρχική της μορφή. Αυτό που άλλαξε από τότε είναι το εμβόλιμο τραγούδι: το τωρινό είναι πιο κατάλληλο για bulerías αφού έχει και ισπανικό άρωμα – γι’ αυτό το θεωρώ πανιβηρικό, συνδυάζοντας την πορτογαλική κιθάρα τού Ricardo Parreira με την κιθάρα flamenco τού Θωμά Νάτση. Ερμηνεύεται υπέροχα από την Catarina Moura και την Teresa Campos, μαζί με τους Maria Monda και Αμέλια, κι ἐν τέλει, μια παιδική χορωδία. Όπως εύστοχα παρατήρησε η Maria Graciete Besse, αναλύοντας το Αρχιπέλαγος:

“Ο δίσκος αρχίζει με μια φωνή σοφίας που απαγγέλει τους στίχους τού Hölderlin (η μητέρα τής Αμέλιας, στα 98 της) και τελειώνει με μια παιδική χορωδία, διαγράφοντας ένα δρομολόγιο που προεκτείνεται στο μέλλον.”

Καλή ακρόαση!

27. Martín Codax (και σε ελληνική απόδοση του Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα) | Παναγιώτης Τούντας | Διασκευή: A. Muge. Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας
Cantiga de amigo ενός σπουδαίου μεσαιωνικού Γαλικιανού βάρδου με μια μελωδία τού κορυφαίου συνθέτη τού σμυρναίικου ρεμπέτικου
28. Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας, πορτογαλικό παραδοσιακό | Ενορχήστρωση: Μ. Λουκοβίκας, A. Muge

Οκτώβρης 2017

● Δες επίσης: ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ | Ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις | Ο ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΑΝΔΡΕΟΥ για το ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/07/04

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Aegean Islands, Aegean Sea, Agora, Alexandria, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Andreas Karakotas, António Quintino, Antigone, Antistrophe, Archipelago, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Argonauts, Aristeion, Armando Soares, Athens, Aurora, Azores, Balkans, Book burning, Bulerías, Byzantine Empire, Camões Prize, Canaries, Cantiga de amigo, Cape Verde, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cesária Évora, Chorus, Christos Megas, Chromatic genus, Coryphaeus, Cramol, Cristiana Serejo, Democracy, Diatonic and chromatic, Diatonic scale, Dimitris Mystakidis, Elysium, Eros, Euripides, Fado, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Festival Músicas do Mundo, Filipe Raposo, Flamenco, Fortunate Isles, Friedrich Hölderlin, Funeral March, Genus, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Heavy metal, Helen, Hellenistic period, Hesiod, Hesperides, Homer, Hurrian songs, Hurrians, Ionia, Ithaca, J. M. Barrie, Jason, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Martins, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Katolophyromai, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Lanzarote, Lisbon, Lost Boys, Luís de Camões, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lusophone, Macaronesia, Madeira, Manos Achalinotοpoulos, Manos Hadjidakis, Maria Graciete Besse, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Medea, Michales Loukovikas, Mikis Theodorakis, Modulation, Neverland, Ney, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Nobel Prize in Literature, Odysseus, Orestes, Paló, Pan, Panaiotis Tountas, Parthenon, Pedro Casaes, Penelope, Pericles, Periplus, Peter Pan, Philhellenism, Pillars of Heracles, Pink Floyd, Plucked Strings Orchestra of Patras, Polis, Portuguese guitar, Rebetiko, Recorder, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Sappho, Sea peoples, Segue-me à Capela, Sines, Smyrna, Sodade, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Sofia Vitória, Sopa de Pedra, Sotto voce, Stasimon, Strabo, Strait of Gibraltar, Strophe, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Thanasis Thipinakis, Thessaloniki, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Thrace, Tinker Bell, Transylvania, Ugarit, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Zonaradiko. Leave a comment

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Δίαυλοι (Χρονικό)
/PORTUGUÊS/ ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Over the Aegean islands | – come out and see! –
angels are flapping their wings | scattering roses…

Michales Loukovikas

I. REVISITANDO O ARQUIPÉLAGO | THE ARCHIPELAGO REVISITED
1. O arquipélago | The Archipelago
(a. Is Ionia in Bloom? / b. Where Is Athens?)
2. Κατολοφύρομαι (Katolophýromae) | I’m Wailing in Lament (Orestes)

Hélia Correia is in our hearts; she’s also in the heart of our Archipelagos! Our longest sequence is mainly based on her long poem, The Third Misery, which she begins citing Friedrich Hölderlin (from his poem Bread and Wine: What’s the use, what is the purpose of a poet in times of such indigence?). We followed in her steps and chose to have as a starting point his poem, The Archipelago. Then, during a trip up north, Amélia Muge convinced her old mother, Maria José, to recite with her some parts of the poem, and José Martins was there to record them. Good material to begin with… Now that I’m thinking about it, I feel it was a pity that Amélia’s daughter, Cristiana, did not take part, as well: we would have three generations reciting together!

The Archipelago, as Hölderlin reminded us, was originally the Aegean Sea and its islands. Therefore we had to start with Aegean music. I think we could find no better melody as an introduction than the beautiful traditional song whose first stanza you can read above. Yet, we felt that some Portuguese flavour was needed. So, next to Kyriakos Gouventas’ violin, we added the guitarra of Ricardo Parreira. Excellent combination!

Then we had to solve the problem of the sea. Initially, I added sea sounds (waves, seagulls, etc.) but Amélia objected: Too realistic, she said. And then she had an excellent idea: What about voices instead of waves? José and me replied in chorus: Yes! That’s it! Well, these choral waves, designed by José, and sung by Maria Monda (Sofia, Susana, Tânia), Cramol and Teresa Campos, made me feel they’re not only sea waves, but also those angels flying over the Aegean, scattering roses…

Euripides

That was the first, bright, rosy part of the poem (Is Ionia in Bloom?). In the second part, the dark, gloomy one (Where Is Athens?), I rearranged an old composition of mine (from The Gold in the Sky, on poetry by Ares Alexandrou) to pave the way to Euripides and Orestes, his tragedy. The stasimon Katolophýromae, introduced by Harris Lambrakis on the ney and recorder, is performed in ancient Greek by a chorus composed by Amélia, Andreas Karakotas, Manos Achalinotópoulos, and me as the coryphaeus. (We write about Euripides and Orestes in our Archipaedia, in the eBook accompanying the CD, where there is a wealth of information around Archipelagos. Much of this information is also presented here in our blog, following the links you see in the titles of each sequence).

1. Friedrich Hölderlin (Der Archipelagus, 1800-1801, excerpts, adapted into Portuguese by Amélia Muge) | a. Aegean traditional / b. Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins
2. Euripides (Orestes, 408 BCE, fragments: strophe–antistrophe) | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas

II. CANTOS DA ARGILA | SONGS OF CLAY
3. Embalar meninos, acordar adultos | Lullabying Children, Waking Up Adults
11. Μάγισσα Θάλασσα (Νέοι Λαοί τής θάλασσας) | Sorceress Sea (New Sea Peoples)

Hurrian hymn to Nikkal, Ugarit (13th century BCE)

Entering a time/space ship, we voyaged a millennium back, from Athens in 408 BCE to Ugarit, Syria, ca. 1400, listening to a Hurrian hymn. To tell you the truth, after Euripides, I was not so much fascinated; but Amélia was amazed, struck by its similarity to a Portuguese anti-fascist hymn: José Gomes Ferreira and Fernando Lopes-Graça’s Acordai! (Wake Up!). My oriental heart, on the other hand, was moved by some renditions of the Hurrian hymn in the chromatic genus. The problem was that these renditions moved away from Acordai. That’s why we decided to have the hymn in two variations, as a diatonic lullaby close to Acordai, and as a diatonic-chromatic lament about the refugees’ tragedy.

Weeping Woman’s Head with handkerchief (1937, possibly a study on Guernica),
by Pablo Picasso

I was so shocked when I saw by the seaside the body of an infant who drowned while his family tried to pass from Turkey to Greece. My lyrics begin with a phrase I heard from another refugee in Morocco, who could not cross the Gibraltar Strait to Spain: Every time I turn and see the sea, tears start falling down… My friend Andreas Karakotas interpreted the song so well tele-directed by me: I was in Lisbon, he was in Salonica! Ana Dias with her harp created the proper background here, as well as in the Imaginary Island of Utopia.

3. Amélia Muge / José Gomes Ferreira (excerpt from Acordai!) | Ancient Hurrian hymn (fragment) / Fernando Lopes-Graça (excerpt from Acordai!) | Adapted by A. Muge. Αrranged by A. J. Martins
11. Michales Loukovikas | Ancient Hurrian hymn (fragment) | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas

III. MACARONÉSIA | MACARONESIA (Macárōn Nẽsoe: Fortunate Isles)
4. Ali no meio do mar | Out There Amid the Sea
5. Dança do trigo | Wheat Dance
6. Um gingado lamento | Swinging Lament

Cesária Évora

Macaronesia consists of four archipelagos in the North Atlantic: the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), the Canaries (Spain), and Cape Verde. The name is derived from the Hellenic term Μακάρων Νῆσοι (Macárōn Nẽsoe, or Fortunate Isles, Isles of the Blessed), used by geographers for the Elysian islands to the west of the Pillars of Heracles (Strait of Gibraltar), a winterless earthly paradise, which according to Hesiod were the Elysian Fields, inhabited by heroes. Strabo identified them with the isles of the Hesperides.

Amélia’s Swinging Lament, dedicated to Cesária Évora, has this magic touch: I’ve loved it since the first time I listened to it. As the finale of a Macaronesian saga, it’s even better! Featured in this sequence is Amélia in the lead voice – together with Rita Maria who sings the Castilian part of the Wheat Dance – as well as Maria Monda and me in the vocals.

4. Traditionals of the Canaries & the Azores, Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J . Martins, A. Muge
5. Traditional of the Canaries, Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, A. Muge
6. Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins

IV. PENAS DE AMOR O QUE SÃO? | WHAT IS TO SUFFER FROM LOVE?
7. A tentação | Temptation
8. Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα / Lua desceu, mergulhou | The Moon Has Set Down
(a. The Moon Has Set Down / b. Meanings Are Divided / c. Eros)

Sappho of Eresos, Roman copy of a 5th-century-BCE Greek original

Temptation, written by Hélia, is for me one of Amélia’s best songs. I told her many times it’s a pity it’s not in one of her own albums. So, here it is! And in a good company: that of Sappho’s.

Thanks to Amélia, who had the idea about her, I searched a lot, reading Sapphic poetry, and combined three fragments to compose:(*) The Moon Has Set Down, Meanings Are Divided, Eros. Moreover, I convinced Amélia she can also sing in ancient Hellenic (something that she described as… jumping into the abyss)! In this “jump” here, she is accompanied by Rita Maria, Catarina Anacleto and Maria Monda.

(*) Although her poetry was well-known and greatly admired in antiquity, most of it survives only in fragments, mainly because the Christian Church disapproved of her morals and the ecclesiastical authorities loved to burn her anthologies…

7. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
8. Sappho (in ancient Greek – and in Portuguese adapted by Amélia Muge) | Michales Loukovikas | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas

V. CANSAÇO DE SER | WEARINESS OF BEING
9. Sono de ser | Slumber of Being
10. The Hours

Fernando Pessoa

This sequence is dedicated to Fernando Pessoa. Slumber of Being is another favourite song of mine composed by Amélia. Her singing here is one of those rare moments; she’s accompanied excellently by Filipe Raposo.

The Hours, one of Pessoa’s English Poems, stands out, as well. I composed it for Sofia Vitória’s Echoes. I’m happy it was finally left out, so we can have it here with my… heavy metal arrangement reinforced by Kostas Hanís’ vibraphone and António Quintino’s double bass! Amélia and I synchronized our voices while the girls (Maria Monda) tuned themselves in chorus with us.

Amélia was fascinated by the way I composed this song. It was during one of my afternoon walks around my neighbourhood and I had The Hours stuck in my mind. I remembered Pink Floyd’s Time and the clocks ringing as soon as it started, and I decided to begin with clocks clicking the seconds, the minutes, The Hours… I walked that fast murmuring Fernando’s words and, all of a sudden, the bass line appeared! I kept on repeating this line, as I had nothing on me to record it, lest I forgot it until I reached home. By the time I arrived there, Fernando also offered me the basic melodic line! I worked furiously for Hours; I stopped only when I had even the arrangement ready. Overjoyed, I sent it immediately to Amélia…

9. Fernando Pessoa | Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
10. Fernando Pessoa | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

VI. NA TAVERNA DO PORTO | IN A HARBOUR’S TAVERN
12. Versos quaisquer (Pedidos com instância) | Verses Whatever (Insistent Requests)
13. Ο Νικόλας ο ψαράς | Nicolas, the Fisherman

That’s the sequence of… fadobetiko (a term coined by Amélia). Her song, à la fado corrido, is based on a satiric poem by João de Deus, one of the greatest Portuguese poets of the 19th century. The intro to the song, played by Kyriakos Gouventas, has North Balkan flavour, because the poem starts with a reference to Transylvania.

Giorgos Mitsakis (L) and Vasilis Tsitsanis (R)

The tragic Nicolas, the Fisherman combines two of the greatest rebetiko composers: Vasilis Tsitsanis, one of the founders of modern rebetiko (paving the way for great composers such as Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis); and Giorgos Mitsakis, a skillful composer and lyricist, nicknamed the master as a bouzouki player.

With throbbing emotion (I burst out in tears while singing in the studio; Amélia and the sound engineer, Christos Megas, thought I was laughing…), I present the tragic figure of a black-dressed mother who is standing for months by the seaside, waiting for her son, Nicolas, to return to shore, as no one has the courage to tell her he drowned… This song moved the Portuguese, as well. I was told of black-dressed women who are still standing by the seaside gazing at the sea with empty eyes…

12. João de Deus | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A.J. Martins
13. Giorgos Mitsakis | Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS | IMAGINARY ISLANDS
14. Uma ilha, Utopia | An Island, Utopia
15. Penélope de Ítaca | Penelope of Ithaca
16. Meninos perdidos | Lost Kids

Ulysses among the Phaeacians, by Jean Broc. Odysseus shows his physical arete by winning the discus-throwing contest after being taunted by a Phaeacian athlete. Long before Plato, Homer seems to be the first to describe Utopia, or even Atlantis, which he calls Scheria, the Phaeacians’ land.

Our fascination with imaginary and mythic places. So good that musically it ends up in Thrace, where I was born, with a… legendary zonarádikos dance, sung by Amélia and Maria Monda, and played by Manos Achalinotópoulos and Harris Lambrakis on the clarino (folk clarinet) and ney. But before that, we voyage to the islands of Thomas More’s Utopia (with Amélia also recalling Ares Alexandrou’s empty Mission Box), Odysseus and Penelope’s Ithaca, until, finally, we run aground on J. M. Barrie’s Neverland, finding not Peter Pan and Tinker Bell there, but some very peculiar Lost Kids.

VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA | IN TIMES OF INDIGENCE
17. Sem Deuses | Without Gods
18. Nós | We
19. Feitiço (Experimentos) | Spell (Experiments)
20. As ilhas do Egeu | The Aegean Islands
21. A ruína da Grécia | The Ruin of Hellas
22. Falamos de sombras (Democracia) | We Talk About Shadows (Democracy)
23. Um início | A Beginning

Hélia’s sequence based on excerpts from her poems The Third Misery and Indignation (We and Spell are from Indignation; the rest are from The Third Misery). As I have said, she begins citing Hölderlin: What’s the use, what is the purpose of a poet in times of such indigence? She also refers to him several times, especially when she speaks about Athens, as her poem is dedicated to Greece.(*) I was flattered when I saw the Parthenon on the cover of the book; Amélia was left speechless when she read the poem. We both decided this would be our main sequence.

(*) As I explained talking about Periplus, our previous work, Hélia is an enthusiastic hellenist and philhellene, who reinterpreted Hellenic myths from the point of view of female heroines, such as Antigone, Helen, and Medea. In her major poem, The Third Misery, and also in Indignation, both dedicated to Greece, she refers to Jason’s Argonauts, to the ancient Agora of the Hellenic poleis, to Homer’s Odyssey, to The Aegean Islands and The Ruin of Hellas, to the ancient gods, Pan and Alexandria, to Pericles and democracy. When she was awarded the Camões Prize (2015), the most prestigious literary distinction in the Lusophone world, she dedicated it to Hellas, where poetry comes from, without which we would be nothing and have nothing, as she said, concluding her speech with the exclamation Long live Greece! Therefore it’s a double pity that no one is interested in publishing The Third Misery in Greece. Well, this is a fourth misery on the modern Greeks’ part!

The Philhellene poet Friedrich Hölderlin, by Johanna Ebertz (1979)

Hölderlin’s citation in Without Gods is repeated in The Aegean Islands, in a completely different soundscape. Here, after many experiments, I used as a model the introduction to Echo, a composition by Manos Achalinotópoulos, developing it further as a free improvisation. As Manos is in our team, I was able to work on my idea with him. Harris Lambrakis, Amélia and Kyriakos Gouventas improvised, as well. So good, Hélia recited her own poetry!

We and The Ruin of Hellas are twin songs; Hélia’s poems here are also twins! I remember hearing inside me the melody of the Ruin already from the first time I read “Nós, os ateus, nós, os monoteístas,” (We, the atheists, we, the monotheists)… Then, changing the rhythm from five beats to six, I rearranged it to the verses of We.

I admit I knew almost nothing about Hölderlin. Trying to learn more in Wikipedia, I saw the card with the basic information: “Born – 20 March…” (Oh, I thought, same day with me!) “… 1770” (Gee, same year with Ludwig!!) At once, I thought of something that was more than crazy: Well, how about it? Third Misery… Third Symphony! Let me see… To tell you the truth, I didn’t expect much. I started humming the Misery to Beethoven’s Marcia funebre, in the Second Movement of his Eroica. I began with the 25th part of the poem, “Yes, we talk about shadows”… as it seemed to me more suitable. I was amazed! But there was more melody. So, now let’s go back and try the 23rd part, “The third misery is this one”… I was astonished!! A little more and we finish the first part of the Marcia, I thought. This little more was found in the 32nd part of the Misery: “All the squares seem like agoras of yore”… Most fantastic of all: Ludwig’s melody finished with Hélia’s “fervent word of democracy” – incredible!!! IT’S A MIRACLE!..

I searched for Beethoven’s score. I had adapted by heart the same melody in a previous work of mine (The Gold in the Sky); but this time I wanted to be precise. I meticulously rearranged his score, assigning his melodic lines to other instruments, leaving nothing out (I hope). The final crash test came when I presented my loucura to Amélia. As I don’t speak Portuguese, I realized that several words or phrases were out of place, not well adapted with the music. Her help in this matter was crucial. And then it was my turn to convince her that I did not want an operatic voice, I would hate such a voice, and perhaps even Ludwig might not like it – or else, why did he write Sotto voce under the title? I meant to say, I wanted her voice. Done! I’m very proud of the result – even if some purists will moan…

I can say here what I said before about Euripides: I do hope that if Ludwig listened to us, he would smile and applaud approvingly, despite the brickbats thrown by such purists! Featured also here, except Maria Monda, are Rui Vaz, José Manuel David and Pedro Casaes in the vocals, Filipe Raposo on the piano, as well as my friend Kosmás Papadópoulos with his clarinet.

What can anybody compose after such music? I guess Amélia did not even think about it – and she did very well; and presented such a graceful melody for A Beginning, standing next to Ludwig as equal! I consider this composition of hers as the best in our Archipelagos.

17. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. Muge, A. J. Martins, M. Loukovikas
18. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
19. Hélia Correia (A. Muge) | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo
20. Hélia Correia | Manos Achalinotópoulos, Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
A free improvisation by H. Lambrakis, M. Achalanitópoulos, A. Muge, K. Gouventas
21. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
22. Hélia Correia | Ludwig van Beethoven (The Third Symphony, Eroica, 1804, Second Movement, first part: Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce) | Adapted-Arranged by M. Loukovikas
23. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo

IX. JÁ SE DÃO AS VOLTAS TODAS | NOSTALGIA AND NOSTOS
24. Νοσταλγία: Το παράπονο του μετανάστη | Nostalgia: A Migrant’s Yearning
25. Nostalgia: Cantar de emigração | Nostalgia: Singing of Emigration
(a. Sodade / b. Run-Run se fue pa’l norte / c. Cantar de emigração / d. A Migrant’s Yearning)
26. Alegria | Jubilation (Alegria)

Rosalía de Castro (L) and Violeta Parra (R)

Our sequence about Migrations and Homecomings. Embracing several ideas of Amélia’s, I combined a rebetiko by Vasilis Tsitsanis (also known with the title Like an outcast I’m drifting about), with Rosalía de Castro and José Niza’s Cantar de emigração, Violeta Parra’s Run-Run se fue pa´l norte, and Armando Soares’ Sodade. Amélia had listened to me singing this rebetiko and sent me an adaptation of hers that reminded me of a fado. This was also included as an instrumental part. Moreover, I’m so happy to have here representatives of all four female choirs that Amélia invited for the project De Viva Voz (I was so deeply moved in that concert!): Cramol en masse, Maria Monda, Catarina Moura from Segue-me à Capela, and Teresa Campos from Sopa de Pedra, plus Rita, Rui, David and Pedro, Paló and Mariana Abrunheiro, Amélia and me – starting off in this adventure Like an outcast drifting about…

José Saramago,
by Carlos Botelho

An Amélia’s adaptation sums up this sequence, where José Saramago’s Alegria coexists with a fine melody by our friend, Giorgos Andreou, who is directing here the Plucked Strings Orchestra of Patras.

24. Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
25. a. Armando Soares (adapted by M. Loukovikas) / b. Violeta Parra / c. Rosalía de Castro (adapted into Portuguese by J. Niza) | José Niza / d. Vasilis Tsitsanis (adapted by A. Muge) | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. Muge
26. José Saramago | Giorgos Andreou | Adapted by A. Muge, A.J. Martins. Arranged by G. Andreou

X. O QUE AS ONDAS CONTAM | SEA WAVES TELLING TALES
27. Κύματα μύρια τού πελάγου / Ondas do mar de Vigo | Myriad Waves of the Sea of Vigo)
28. Contas do mar (Bulería de Sines) | Sea Tales of Pearls (Bulería of Sines)

Exuberance, by Penny Warden

Our last sequence begins with another adaptation of Amélia’s, combining a Cantiga de amigo by Martín Codax, with a rebetiko of Smyrna by Panaiotis Tountas, sung in both languages. Working at that time on Tountas’ songs, Women’s Portraits of Rebetiko, “painted” with his excellent Art of Modulation, I used to send copies of my work to Amélia; she thanked me, and wished me well on my birthday, with this beautiful adaptation.

Our finale is a peculiar Bulería I composed in Sines in 2012. We had gone there to arrange for our performance, presenting Periplus in the Festival Músicas do Mundo. We played the Bulería in its initial form in that concert. Since then we have changed the interposed song; what we have now is more suitable for a bulería as it also has a Spanish flavour, and I consider it Pan-Iberian; that’s why I combine Ricardo Parreira’s guitarra portuguesa with Thomás Natsis’ guitarra flamenca. It is sung so beautifully by Catarina Moura and Teresa Campos, together with Maria Monda, Amélia and, at last, a children’s choir. As Maria Graciete Besse aptly remarked analyzing Archipelagos:

“The disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus designing an itinerary that is projected into the future.”

Enjoy!

27. Martín Codax (also adapted into Greek by Michales Loukovikas) | Panaiotis Tountas | Adapted by A. Muge. Arranged by M. Loukovikas (A major medieval Galician minstrel’s Cantiga de amigo combined with a melody by the greatest composer of the rebetiko of Smyrna)
28. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas, Portuguese traditional | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. Muge

October 2017

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/06/09

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Açores, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Andreas Karakotas, António José Martins, António Quintino, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Armando Soares, Arquipélago, Bulería, Canções hurritas, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cramol, Deleuze & Guattari, Dimitris Mystakidis, Etnomusicologia, Euripides, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Friedrich Hölderlin, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, J. M. Barrie, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Nisa, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Maria do Rosário Pestana, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Michales Loukovikas, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Périplo, Pedro Casaes, Periplus, Rebético, Retórica musical, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Safo, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Thanassis Tsipinakis, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Ugarit, Universidade de Aveiro, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Zeca Afonso. Leave a comment

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

/ENGLISH/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on ARCHiPELAGOS

Archipelagos – de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas

Um projecto musical de relacionalidade e convivialidade

Maria do Rosário Pestana, Universidade de Aveiro

Instituto de Etnomusicologia – Centro de Estudos em Música e Dança

Cinco anos depois de PERIPLUS deambulações luso-gregas, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas apresentam um novo projeto artístico intitulado ARCHiPELAGOS Passagens. Partem do território comum que ambos construíram em 2012 com Periplus, desde logo, ao proporem uma experiência musical assente na prática cognitiva da viagem, que desconstrói a referência ao mundo, ou seja, às visões unitárias da música local/nacional. Durante os quatro anos que medeiam os dois projetos artísticos, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas desenvolveram uma extensa investigação na música, na canção, na poesia, percorrendo pontes de coexistência, de conexão entre pessoas, de alteridade, de pertencimento e de identificação pela música que os levaram a outras cartografias fora das fronteiras territoriais e étnicas que definem os espaços hegemónicos contemporâneos. Assim, nos termos da música e da poesia, Archipelagos compromete a nossa experiência com evocações de diferentes geografias, domínios linguísticos e subjetividades, num possível novo humanismo.

O sentido do termo Archipelagos é ambivalente: por um lado, remete-nos para a ideia de “mar primordial”, grande mar ou mar fundador, do étimo Arkhi-Pelagos, um espaço líquido (por isso descentrado), flutuante, de travessia e imersão; por outro lado, refere o conjunto de sequências temporais, musicais (as faixas sonoras do CD), entendidas pelos músicos tanto como “ilhas” na relação entre si, como também outros arquipélagos.

O processo criativo parte frequentemente de um conceito. Arquipélago é um desses conceitos nucleares, patente na escolha dos versos de A Terceira Miséria de Hélia Correia, de O Arquipélago de Johann Hölderlin e nas referências musicais às ilhas da Macaronésia; utopia é outro conceito central que os compositores exploram a partir de Thomas More, dialogando com A Caixa de Ares Alexandrou, com Os Meninos Perdidos de James Matthew Barrie ou com a Utopia de Zeca Afonso. O diálogo criativo estende-se às vivências e às memórias de um e de outro compositor, aos poetas e músicos que definem a sua humanidade. Essas vivências e memórias referem-se a pessoas, a vidas sociais, a outros indivíduos. Assim, trazem para este arquipélago The Hours de Fernando Pessoa, Ondas do mar de Vigo de Martín Códax, Cantar da emigração de Rosalía de Castro e José Niza, o Hino a Nikkal encontrado em Ugarit, na Síria, os poemas de Safo, ou géneros musicais como o rebético grego. Estas presenças múltiplas ligam o passado remoto ao presente, o longe ao perto, os músicos a cada um de nós ouvintes. E em cada nova sequência, ou faixa, os músicos percorrem novas ‘passagens’ através de diferentes recursos composicionais como a citação de Acordai de Fernando Lopes-Graça e José Gomes Ferreira, ou de Rema, rema lanchinha popular dos Açores, entre tantas outras, o recurso à retórica musical como acontece na mimetização das ondas do mar pelo coro composto pelo Cramol, Maria Monda e Teresa Campos, a recitação poética, a distensão do ritmo da bulería, etc. Musicalmente este espaço é construído por um manancial de referências a paisagens sonoras, canções, instrumentos musicais, sonoridades, que desafiam a perceção e o conhecimento de cada um dos ouvintes. Estas referências são feitas de “passagem” e são postas em conexão ao longo de um processo criativo em que os dois músicos participam. Parafraseando Deleuze e Guatarri em Mil Planaltos, este projecto artístico é conectável em todas as suas dimensões, desmontável, invertível, tem entradas múltiplas e pode ser percebido como uma obra de arte e como uma mediação, mas também como uma ação política, uma dimensão que irei explorar adiante.

PERIPLUS deambulações luso-gregas

Em Archipelagos, percebe-se a intenção de criar um espaço ambivalente (líquido e sólido), com múltiplos e mutantes centros, onde os músicos reagregam memórias. O arquipélago foi a metáfora escolhida pelos músicos para representar uma visão-de-mundo, o projeto (materializado no CD) e o processo de criação dos dois indivíduos músicos. Neste sentido, podemos dizer que é um conceito fundador e nuclear, como referi atrás, ao mesmo tempo que é uma metodologia de trabalho criativo que permitiu aos dois músicos construir um espaço de ação horizontal inter-individual, ou seja, inter-subjetivo.

Amélia Muge refere-se a esse processo de construção de um território de conexão que é simultaneamente de partilha e de definição da expressão individual:

Nós criámos um território comum, aquilo que era o desconhecimento do outro. No início fazíamos tudo juntos, eu ia buscar uma frase dele e juntava com ele, era tudo em conjunto. [Neste novo projeto começámos por questionar] o que é isto de continuar a fazer um trabalho com um Outro com o qual já temos um terreno comum? Curiosamente, levou a que cada um de nós percebesse que precisava de mais espaço para si. Espaço para compreender que nos tínhamos transformado com esta experiência, que tínhamos adquirido coisas. A reação, a sensibilidade que tínhamos em relação à cultura do outro também já era diferente. Eu neste vou cantar em grego antigo uma composição de Michales para fragmentos de poemas de Safo. E, curiosamente, ele diz: “A Amélia é melhor do que eu a cantar em grego antigo!”

Criado este território comum, os compositores convidaram músicos para dar som a Archipelagos. São músicos de diferentes partes do globo cujos percursos se cruzaram em projetos e vivências anteriores de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas e que agora criam novas interdependências, compromissos, conexões. Devo referir que reunir os músicos e concretizar o projecto em estúdio de gravação implicou da parte de Amélia Muge um desdobramento a solicitar apoios e fundos parcelares a diferentes instituições públicas e privadas.

Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas com António Quintino contrabaixo, Catarina Anacleto violoncelo, José Salgueiro percussão, Manuel Maio violino e bandolim, Miguel Tapadas piano, Nikos Paraoulakis ney (flauta oriental) e flauta de bisel, apresentando Periplus no Festival Músicas do Mundo, Sines.

Atrás sustentei que este projeto pode ser percebido como uma ação política. Desde 2012, com Periplus que Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas definem um espaço crítico de produção artística, resistente às produções culturais de massa homogeneizantes, às geopolíticas do conhecimento e aos seus discursos dominantes. Na verdade, como referi noutro lugar, o acolhimento que Periplus teve por parte do público, tendo sido um assunto introduzido num congresso sobre a transposição das fronteiras do conhecimento, ilustra a possibilidade do poder criador e de participação dos indivíduos músicos na construção de um Outro conhecimento, um conhecimento sensível aberto ao diálogo, à partilha, assente no valor da alteridade, na ética do respeito pelo outro. Partindo de outro mapa conceptual, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas criam agora, em Archipelagos, um espaço sónico multicêntrico de relacionalidade e convivialidade musical, social, entre indivíduos, aberto a múltiplas focalizações.

Outubro de 2017
Maria do Rosário Pestana
etnomusicóloga

● Ver também: MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “PERIPLUS”
● Assim como: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/06/09

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Andreas Karakotas, António José Martins, António Quintino, Archipelago, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Armando Soares, Azores, Bulerías, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cramol, Dimitris Mystakidis, Ethnomusicology, Euripides, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Friedrich Hölderlin, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Hurrian songs, J. M. Barrie, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Maria do Rosário Pestana, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martin Codax, Michales Loukovikas, Musical rhetoric, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Pedro Casaes, Periplus, Plucked Strings Orchestra, Rebetiko, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Sappho, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Thanasis Thipinakis, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Ugarit, University of Aveiro, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Zeca Afonso. Leave a comment

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria do Rosário Pestana: professor in the University of Aveiro, and researcher of the Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance. She developed ethnomusicological studies on musical associativism, processes of documentation of music of rural matrix and music of local expression. She coordinated the book SINGING IN ALENTEJO – the land, the past and the present (2017).

Archipelagos – by Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas

A musical project of relationality and conviviality

Maria do Rosário Pestana, University of Aveiro

Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance

Five years after PERIPLUS Luso-Hellenic Wanderings, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas present a new artistic project entitled ARCHiPELAGOS Passages. They start off from the common territory that they both constructed in 2012 with Periplus, proposing right away a musical experience based on the cognitive practice of voyage, which deconstructs the reference to the world, that is, the unitary visions of local/national music. During the four years that separate the two artistic projects, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas embarked on an extensive research in music, songs, poetry, crossing bridges of coexistence, of connection among people, of alterity, of belonging and identifying with the music that took them to other cartographies outside the territorial and ethnic boundaries which define contemporary hegemonic spaces. Thus, in terms of music and poetry, the CD Archipelagos commits our experience to evocations from different geographies, linguistic domains and subjectivity, in a possible new humanism.

The meaning of the term Archipelagos is ambivalent: on the one hand, it leads us to the idea of “primordial sea”, grand sea or founder sea, from the etymon Arkhi-Pelagos, a liquid space (therefore off-centre), floating, to cross and immerse; on the other hand, it refers to the set of temporal, musical sequences (the CD tracks), regarded by the musicians as both “islands” in the relationship among themselves, as well as other archipelagos.

The creative process often starts off from a concept. Archipelago is one of those nuclear concepts, evident in the choice of verses from Hélia Correia’s The Third Misery, Johann Hölderlin’s The Archipelago and in the musical references to the Macaronesian islands; utopia is another central concept that the composers explore with Thomas More as a starting point, engaging in a dialogue with Ares Alexandrou’s Mission Box, with James Matthew Barrie’s Lost Kids, or with Zeca Afonso’s Utopia. The creative dialogue extends to the experiences and memories of each one of the composers, to the poets and musicians that define their humanity. These experiences and memories refer to people, to social lives, to other individuals. Thus, they bring to this archipelago Fernando Pessoa’s The Hours, Martín Códax’s Waves of the Sea of Vigo, Rosalía de Castro and José Niza’s Singing of Emigration, the Hymn to Nikkal found in Ugarit, in Syria, Sappho’s poems, or musical genres such as the Greek rebetiko. These multiple presences connect the remote past with the present, the distant with the near, the musicians with each of us listeners. And in each new sequence, or track, the musicians cross new ‘passages’ through different compositional resources such as the quotation from Fernando Lopes-Graça and José Gomes Ferreira’s Acordai, or from the Azorian popular song Rema, rema lanchinha (Row in a row, rowing boat), among many others, the recourse to musical rhetoric as it occurs in the mimicry of sea waves by the choir constituted of Cramol, Maria Monda and Teresa Campos, the poetic recitation, the distension of the rhythm of the bulería, etc. Musically, this space is constructed by a wealth of references to soundscapes, songs, musical instruments, sonorities, which challenge the perception and knowledge of each one of the listeners. These references are made in “passing” and are posted in connection along a creative process in which the two musicians participate. To paraphrase Deleuze and Guatarri in A Thousand Plateaus, this artistic project is connectable in all its dimensions, demountable, invertible, has multiple entries and can be perceived as a work of art and as a mediation, but also as a political act, a dimension that I will shortly explore.

PERIPLUS Luso-Hellenic Wanderings

In Archipelagos, there is an intention to create an ambivalent space (liquid and solid), with multiple and mutating centres, where the musicians reassemble memories. The archipelago has been the metaphor chosen by the musicians to represent a worldview, the project (materialized on the CD) and the creation process of the two individual musicians. In this sense, we can say that it is a founding and nuclear concept, as I mentioned before, at the same time that it is a methodology of creative work that allowed the two musicians to construct a space of horizontal inter-individual action, that is, inter-subjective.

Amélia Muge refers to this process of constructing a connecting territory that is simultaneously of sharing and of defining individual expression:

We have created a common territory out of what was the ignorance of the other. In the beginning we did everything together. I would get a phrase of his and we would conclude it together, everything was done in common. [In this new project we started off asking] why should we continue working with an Other with whom we have already a common ground? Curiously, we both realized that we needed more space for each one of us. Space to understand that we had been transformed through this experience, that we had achieved something. The reaction, the sensitivity we had towards the other’s culture was also different. I am going to sing in ancient Greek a composition by Michales on fragments of Sappho’s poems. And, curiously, he says: “Amelia is better than me in singing in ancient Greek!”

Having created this common territory, the composers invited musicians to give sound to the Archipelagos. They are musicians from different parts of the globe whose paths have crossed in previous projects and performances of Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas and who are now creating new inter-dependencies, commitments, connections. I need to say that bringing together the musicians and carrying out the project in a recording studio implied on Amélia Muge’s part a parallel task of soliciting several public and private institutions for sponsorship contributing funds.

Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas with Catarina Anacleto cello, Manuel Maio violin and mandolin, Nikos Paraoulakis ney and recorder, António Quintino double bass, José Salgueiro percussion, Miguel Tapadas piano, presenting Periplus at the Festival Músicas do Mundo, Sines.

Previously, I maintained that this project can be seen as a political act. Since 2012, with Periplus, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas have defined a critical space of artistic production, resistant to homogenizing productions of mass culture, the geopolitics of knowledge and its dominant discourses. In fact, as I mentioned elsewhere, the acceptance that Periplus enjoyed by the public, being a subject-matter introduced in a congress on broadening the frontiers of knowledge, illustrates the possibility of the creative power and participation of individual musicians in the construction of Another knowledge, a sensitive knowledge open to dialogue, to sharing, based on the value of alterity, on the ethics of respect for the other. Starting off from another conceptual map, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas now, in Archipelagos, create a multicentric sonic space of relationality and musical, social conviviality, between individuals, open to multiple focalizations.

October of 2017
Maria do Rosário Pestana
ethnomusicologist

INTRODUCTION to “ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/PORTUGUÊS/ INTRODUÇÃO a ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo, anthropologist and musician

● I feel obliged to thank the Galeria Porto Oriental Director, Dr Ana Maria Abrantes, who invited me to make this short introduction to “ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages” by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, presented as a continuation of another project, made seven years ago: “PERIPLUS / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings”.

● I would like to start expressing my congratulations to the two artists:

For selecting these two key concepts of the project that they defined very well;

And also for the quality of the choices and interpretation of the music and poems that so well give the artistic tone of the anthropological time, which triggered the project in 2016: Indigence, Nostalgia, Without Gods, Indignation, Lost Kids, Weariness of Being, etc.

● We can present it through António José Martins’ concise phrase as an “artistic endeavour of a possible historical voyage across the cultural heritage of the Mediterranean human being”.

● What do these words mean for me, as an anthropologist?

First of all. They challenge me to make the ethnography of the crisis that since 2008-2009 entailed the application of public economic-financial austerity policies to Greece and Portugal. I’m not going to talk about it now. All of us as European citizens know it, as well as its consequences. This crisis has already been the subject of texts I have published.

Secondly. I am intrigued by the virtual starting point of this project: the artists start by meeting on the Internet Sea to launch themselves onto “Mare Nostrum” they define as a “closed sea, but open to our common heritage, in dialogue with the cultures of the Black and Red Seas, of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans”, in their similarities and differences.

Thirdly. They reveal to me the processes by which this project was interwoven: from an “inner voyage” to “discover ourselves” in this “open sea voyage”, in the context of the Mediterranean. And how did this “inner voyage” took place in such a context? Through what “interactions”, what “channels of communication”, what “bridges”?

Fourthly. They lead me to an answer: with the “project’s compass” – made of Sappho’s, Hélia Correia’s and Hölderlin’s poetry, and Ludwig van Beethoven’s music, of Euripides’ chorus, of the 3500-years-old Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal, of Acordai!, by José Gomes Ferreira and Fernando Lopes-Graça, of the refugees’ tragedy – we arrive at the mythical islands of Ithaca, Utopia or Neverland and, across the Mediterranean, sailing through the Pillars of Heracles (Gibraltar), to the archipelagos of Macaronesia (Madeira and the Azores, the Canaries and Cape Verde).

Lastly. They make me ask the following questions:

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo

1. Is it possible for us to unite in fact with the Other or will there always be an “abyss” between us that makes “any relationship an emergency passage” (A. Muge)?

2. Faced with this beautiful and meticulous project that starts in Mare Internet in the direction of the artistic history of Mare Nostrum, where is the reality of the “Mediterranean human being”? Or, more broadly: What is reality, or: what is real?

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo
Galeria Porto Oriental / November 22, 2019

INTRODUÇÃO a “ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ENGLISH/ INTRODUCTION to ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens: Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo, antropólogo e músico

● O meu agradecimento à Directora da Galeria Porto Oriental, Dra Ana Maria Abrantes, pelo convite a fazer esta pequena introdução a “ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens” de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas que nos é apresentado como uma continuação de um outro projecto, realizado sete anos antes: o “PERIPLUS / deambulações luso-gregas”.

● Desejo começar por expressar as minhas felicitações a eles:

Pela escolha destes dois conceitos-chave do projecto, muito bem definidos no projecto;

E também pela qualidade da escolha e da interpretação das músicas e dos poemas que tão bem dão o tónus artístico do tempo antropológico que desencadeou o projecto a partir de 2016: a indigência, a nostalgia, sem deuses, a indignação, os meninos perdidos, o cansaço do ser, etc.

● Podíamos apresentá-lo, nas palavras sintéticas de António José Martins, como uma “tentativa artística de uma possível viagem histórica pela herança cultural do ser humano mediterrânico”.

● O que é que estas palavras significam para mim, como antropólogo?

Que, para mim:

Em primeiro lugar. Me desafiam a fazer a etnografia da crise que a partir de 2008-2009 implicou a aplicação de políticas públicas de austeridade económico-financeiras para a Grécia e para Portugal. Não vou aqui falar dela. Todos nós, como cidadãos europeus, a conhecemos e as suas consequências. Essa crise, foi já objecto de textos que publiquei.

Em segundo lugar. Me interpelam pelo ponto de partida virtual deste projecto: os seus autores começam por se encontrar no mare da internet para se lançarem no mare nostrum que definem como “mar fechado, mas aberto à nossa herança comum, em diálogo com as culturas dos mares Negro e Vermelho, dos oceanos Atlântico e Índico”, nas suas semelhanças e nas suas diferenças.

Em terceiro lugar. Me revelam os processos pelos quais foram entretecendo este projecto: os de uma “viagem interior” à “descoberta de si”, nesta “viagem em mar aberto” no contexto do mediterrâneo. E como foi acontecendo esta “viagem interior” em tal contexto? Através de que “interacções”, de que “canais de comunicação”, de que “pontes”?

Em quarto lugar: Me levam à resposta: com a “bussola do projecto” – feito da poesia de Safo, de Hélia Correia e de Hölderlin, da música de Ludwig van Beethoven, do coro de Eurípides, do Hino Hurrita a Nikkal com 3500 anos, do Acordai! de José Gomes Ferreira e Fernando Lopes-Graça, da tragédia dos refugiados – aporta-se às míticas ilhas de Ítaca, à Utopia ou Terra do Nunca e, do outro lado do mediterrâneo, atravessando os Pilares de Hércules (Gibraltar), aos arquipélagos da Macaronésia (Madeira e Açores, Canárias e Cabo Verde).

Em último lugar. Me suscitam as seguintes interrogações:

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo

1. É possível unirmo-nos na realidade ao Outro ou haverá sempre um “abismo” (A. Muge) entre nós que torna “qualquer relação com ele uma passagem de emergência” (A. Muge)?

2. Perante este belo e dorido projecto que começa no mare da internet em direcção à história artística do mare nostrum, onde fica a realidade do “ser humano mediterrânico”? Ou, dum modo mais abrangente: O que é a realidade, ou: o que é o real?

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo
Galeria Porto Oriental / 22 Novembro 2019

● Ver também: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/05/21

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Açores, Adriano Correia de Oliveira, Amélia Muge, Ana Dias, Ana Moura, Anatolia, Andreas Karakotas, António José Martins, António Quintino, ARCHiPELAGOS, Ares Alexandrou, Aristóteles, Armando Soares, Arquipélago, Auschwitz, Ásia Menor, Édouard Glissant, Ítaca, Cabo Verde, Camané, Canárias, Cantiga de amigo, Caribe, Catarina Anacleto, Catarina Moura, Cesária Évora, Constantinopla, Cramol, Crime contra a humanidade, Cristina Branco, Democracia, Dimitris Mystakidis, Esmirna, Euripides, Fado, Fausto Bordalo Dias, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Filipe Raposo, Friedrich Hölderlin, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Hinos hurritas, Holocausto, Hurritas, Ilhas Egeias, Istambul, João Afonso, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Manuel David, José Mário Branco, José Niza, José Salgueiro, José Saramago, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kostas Hanis, Kyriakos Gouventas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Macaronesia, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Mar Egeu, Marcha Fúnebre, Maria Graciete Besse, Maria José Muge, Maria Monda, Mariana Abrunheiro, Martim Codax, Mísia, Mediterrâneo, Michales Loukovikas, Nikkal, Niovi Benou, Odisseia, Odisseu, Orestes, Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas, Paló, Panaiotis Tountas, Partenon, Périplo, Pedro Casaes, Periplus, Platão, Rebético, Revolução Francesa, Ricardo Parreira, Rita Maria, Rosalía de Castro, Rui Vaz, Safo, Saint-John Perse, Sofia Adriana Portugal, Sorbonne, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso, Teresa Campos, Terror, Thanassis Tsipinakis, Theodor W. Adorno, Thomas More, Thomás Natsis, Trácia, Ugarit, Utopia, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Vigo, Violeta Parra, Walter Benjamin, Zeca Afonso. Leave a comment

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ENGLISH/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on ARCHiPELAGOS
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria Graciete Besse: escritora e poetisa luso-francesa

Uma prática da Relação

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Maria Graciete Besse, Professeur émérite, Université de Paris IV – La Sorbonne

mariagraciete7@aol.com

Todo o pensamento arquipélago é pensamento do tremor, da não-presunção, mas também da abertura e da partilha.

Édouard Glissant

Autora, cantora e compositora, Amélia Muge é bem conhecida no panorama cultural português, pela beleza dos seus textos e composições musicais. Natural de Moçambique, a artista chegou a Portugal em 1984. O seu primeiro disco, intitulado Mugica, foi divulgado em 1992, seguido de Todos os dias (1994). Ao longo da sua carreira, Amélia Muge tem colaborado regularmente com José Mário Branco, Fausto, entre outros, e obteve em 1995 o prestigioso prémio Zeca Afonso com Maio maduro Maio (partilhado com José Mário Branco e João Afonso). De novo, este prémio foi-lhe atribuído em 1998, pelo álbum Taco a Taco, seguindo-se outros discos (A Monte, 2000; Não sou daqui, 2007) e numerosas participações em festivais nacionais e internacionais. Na actualidade, a autora continua a colaborar com diversos cantores, compondo também para fadistas bem conhecidos como Mísia, Camané, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, entre muitos outros.

Em 2009, Amélia Muge conheceu Michales Loukovikas, cantor, compositor e instrumentista, originário da Trácia e especialista de música grega contemporânea, em particular do Rebético.¹ Este encontro, sob os auspícios da Internet, revelou-se imediatamente fecundo pois concretizou-se em diversos projectos e na publicação de três discos: um CD-livro em português e em grego (2011), que celebra a obra do poeta Ares Alexandrou, desenvolvendo um trabalho precedente de Michales Loukovikas, intitulado O Ouro do Céu; em seguida surge Periplus / Deambulações luso-gregas (2012), considerado em Portugal como um dos melhores discos do ano; e mais recentemente Archipelagos / Passagens (2018), que inclui um CD e um eBook, onde descobrimos uma aventura musical e poética que se desenrola entre Portugal e a Grécia, mas que se abre também a um mundo mais vasto. Neste trabalho, os dois artistas celebram a temática da viagem através de diferentes culturas e paisagens, num tempo múltiplo e num espaço variado – Portugal, a Grécia, a Macaronésia, a América do Sul, as ilhas da utopia –, para nos propôr um olhar cruzado, dotado de uma sonoridade original que prolonga as fascinantes deambulações luso-gregas de Periplus, de forma a oferecer-nos agora algumas passagens que nos conduzem para além da errância, até novas dimensões do imaginário.

¹ Forma popular marcada pela herança musical de Istambul (Constantinopla) e de Esmirna, que se desenvolve sobretudo nos anos 1920, na sequência das vagas de refugiados da Ásia Menor.

Dotado de uma grande qualidade literária e musical, Archipelagos / Passagens é composto por 28 rotas, distribuídas em 10 sequências-ilhas distintas, apresentando-se como uma obra em forma de arquipélago. Este termo, explicitado no eBook (Archipédia) que acompanha o CD (com textos em português, inglês e grego), remete para o sentido que vigorava na Grécia antiga em que o arquipélago designava o mar Egeu, passando mais tarde a significar o conjunto de ilhas do Egeu e finalmente, qualquer agrupamento de ilhas. Mas o conceito de arquipélago apresenta uma grande densidade de conotações poéticas, sendo tributário, no imaginário colectivo ocidental, das utopias dos séculos passados em que a ilha aparecia isolada. Quando falamos de arquipélago, podemos também evocar a cultura antiga e, depois de Hölderlin, toda a riqueza cultural helénica, universal e imortal. Para Saint-John Perse (1887-1975), outro grande poeta fascinado pelo universo insular, por detrás do écran luminoso do espaço mediterrânico, existe um ambiente atmosférico e uma base psicológica, impregnada de história e de civilização antiga. É com esta dimensão encantatória que abre o disco de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, a partir da adaptação de um poema de Hölderlin.

Édouard Glissant, por Jennifer Dionisio

No centro do universo literário e musical oferecido por este trabalho, podemos facilmente identificar o conceito paradigmático de Relação, desenvolvido pelo poeta, romancista e filósofo francês Édouard Glissant (1928-2011) que propõe uma poética rizomática aberta ao Diverso enquanto travessia entre o lugar e o mundo.² Ao remeter para o entrecruzamento de culturas diversas, a Relação traduz um pensamento arquipélago, em que as ilhas deixam de significar isolamento, para se abrirem à totalidade-mundo, isto é, a uma força que irradia, opondo-se ao conceito totalitário de fechamento e intolerância.³ Apesar das diferenças geográficas e culturais, pensamos que em Archipelagos / Passagens existem efectivamente ecos da obra deste grande poeta das Caraíbas, sobretudo pelo sentido de um trajecto, de um precurso e de um cruzamento que se encontram na base de um pensamento que se opõe à visão de um mundo fechado, unitário, para nos propôr a presença estimulante do Diverso, marcado pela ideia do movimento. Mas, como sublinhou em várias ocasiões Édouard Glissant, a Relação não significa a mistura confusa e desordenada de culturas, na medida em que o Diverso compreende as diferenças que se encontram, se ajustam umas às outras, se harmonizam. Para o poeta, a Relação possui uma dimensão arquipélica aberta à passagem e à totalidade-mundo, noção que permite conceber tanto a política como a identidade, a ética, a língua e as diferentes modalidades do pensamento. Na opinião de Glissant, o esquema do pensamento arquipélago não conduz à noção de território que se define como uma noção continental, porque o arquipélago é discontínuo, descentrado. Nesta perspectiva, o poeta-filósofo distingue:

● o pensamento continental que se identifica com o sistema, arrogante, feito de lógicas causais que podem conduzir à guerra;

● e o pensamento arquipélago que é uma outra forma de pensar, mais intuitiva, mais frágil, rizomática, associada ao imprevisto do caos-mundo, neologismo que caracteriza não a desordem mas o imprevisível.⁴

O Dia de Deus, de Paul Gauguin

² Para Édouard Glissant, a Relação é tudo que “relie (relaie), relate”, in Poétique de la Relation. Poétique III, Paris, Gallimard, 1990, p. 187.

³ Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-monde. Poétique IV, Paris, Gallimard, 1997.

⁴ Segundo Édouard Glissant, a noção de “caos-mundo é bem precisa: trata-se da mistura cultural, que não se reduz simplesmente a um melting-pot, graças à qual a totalidade mundo hoje está realizada.”, in Introdução a uma poética da diversidade, trad. Enilce do Carmo A. Rocha, Juiz de Fora, editora UFJF, 2005, p. 98.

Para Glissant, o pensamento arquipélago é também um pensamento do tremor, que condiz com a errância e se abre ao futuro. Assim, o estremecimento ou o tremor é a qualidade do que se opõe ao pensamento brutal, unívoco, do eu sem o outro, escreve o poeta, sublinhando que precisamos de estremecimento, porque sufocamos no meio de pensamentos sistemáticos e arrogantes. Poderíamos acrescentar que precisamos também, cada vez mais, de espaços de epifania, como os que Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas nos dão a ouvir neste disco que desenha arquipélagos inéditos, mobiliza culturas misturadas, apelando a uma dinâmica de subjectivações inesperadas que designam um olhar, uma voz, um sopro, uma tradição atravessada por múltiplas passagens, memórias fluídas e estremecentes, para pensar a complexidade do mundo, convidando-nos também a imaginar o Encontro e a alimentar a esperança para além de todas as formas de utopia.

Uma visão surrealista do artista haitiano Vanex Florestant

Para Glissant, como para Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, a paisagem não é apenas um simples cenário, mas uma personagem activa da História. Assim, graças à poética da Relação, uma parte da natureza, vista pelo olhar humano, isto é, a paisagem escolhida em função de parâmetros subjectivos, emotivos e afectivos, não se encontra unicamente numa perspectiva horizontal, mas desenha uma profundidade vertical que nos convida à reflexão. Assim, o primeiro eixo temático do disco propõe-nos uma série de paisagens que remetem para a beleza da Grécia cantada por Hölderlin, postas em relação com fragmentos de Orestes, a tragédia de Eurípides, composta em 408 antes de Cristo, que evoca a dor, cantada em grego antigo por Michales Loukovikas e coro. Identificamos em seguida a presença de dois universos musicais distintos: o hino hurrita a Nikkal, datado de 1400 antes de Cristo – descoberto na Síria nos anos 50, num campo arqueológico (Ugarit) – e o Acordai, poema de José Gomes Ferreira, musicado por Fernando Lopes-Graça nos anos 40. A sequência começa como uma canção de embalar que vem da Antiguidade e chega aos nossos dias para despertar a nossa sensibilidade e inteligência, e se impôr como uma canção de luta. Paralelamente à pesquisa literária deste notável trabalho musical, podemos falar de uma dimensão ética e política no sentido mais nobre do termo.

Orestes matando Egisto e Clitemnestra, baixo relevo num sarcófago (ca 150 EC)

O disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de
Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro
infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro.

Archipelagos / Passagens convida-nos a viajar através de espaços reais e imaginários, propondo-nos um percurso geográfico, literário e cultural que convoca vozes tão diferentes como as de Safo, Eurípides, Hölderlin, Pessoa, José Gomes Ferreira, Saramago, ou ainda Hélia Correia, que se encontra no centro de todo o CD. É de notar também que o disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro. O mundo antigo e o espaço do Mediterrâneo, o mar fechado, abrem-se ao Atlântico e confundem-se com o universo da Macaronésia, introduzida através dum canto tradicional das Canárias posto em relação com um canto dos Açores e com ritmos caboverdianos numa belíssima homenagem a Cesária Évora.

Cesária Évora, por Sersun

Podemos ainda observar que todo este trabalho é atravessado por uma interrogação fundamental de Hölderlin, citado por Hélia Correia : “Para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência?”. Esta pergunta eivada de melancolia, colocada em 1800 pelo poeta do Romantismo alemão, sublinha a desilusão de todos aqueles que viam as luzes da Revolução francesa apagar-se no Terror. Contudo, Hölderlin não se dirige exactamente aos desiludidos da História mas aos “abandonados por Deus”, constatando a queda espiritual, o eclipse da transcendência. Convém no entanto lembrar que, três anos mais tarde, surge a resposta a esta pergunta quando Hölderlin sublinha o papel e a responsabilidade do artista, afirmando que “os poetas fundam tudo o que permanece”. Em meados do século XX, Adorno evoca o crime contra a humanidade e considera que seria bárbaro escrever poesia depois de Auschwitz. Mas a poesia permanece, como sabemos e como o demonstra também o trabalho de Archipelagos / Passagens que celebra as palavras vindas de diversos horizontes culturais, para nos lembrar que a pergunta de Hölderlin se pode colocar novamente nos nossos dias, perante a perda de muitos valores que tocam o mundo contemporâneo.

Estátua de Odisseu descoberta por colectores de esponjas nos destroços
do naufrágio de Anticítera entre outras estátuas, moedas e artefactos (sécs. IV
a I AEC), bem como o mecanismo de Anticítera, o mais antigo computador analógico conhecido.

Archipelagos / Passagens celebra portanto uma paisagem múltipla, cruza memórias, estabelece um diálogo com a tradição escrita e oral, traduz o ritmo das línguas (o português, o grego, o espanhol, o inglês, o crioulo), faz ouvir o sopro que revela a harmonia, a dor e a violência da História – é de notar que numa das sequências mais belas do disco, Amélia Muge mergulha justamente na memória das palavras e canta Safo em grego antigo, convidando-nos a viajar no tempo e a enfrentar a tentação do silêncio, antes de convocar um poema inglês de Fernando Pessoa para insistir na cadência das horas, mostrando-nos que o tempo nos conduz para o que Glissant chamava o caos-mundo, onde encontramos o choque dos contactos, as misturas entre realidades muito diferentes, as identidades e as culturas que entram em relação umas com as outras, sem nada perder da sua originalidade. Este caos-mundo é dominado pelo mar feiticeiro cantado em grego por um outro colaborador do CD, Andreas Karakotas, que convoca um excerto do já evocado hino hurrita a Nikkal e nos conduz até uma Odisseia onde Ulisses vai encontrar o caminho até à sua ilha, depois de uma longa viagem através de terras desconhecidas. Mas “Ítaca já não há”, diz o poema. Ulisses transformou-se num estrangeiro que toma a forma de um mendigo, de um refugiado – poderíamos nós acrescentar hoje –, de um emigrante, que a Europa insulta e deixa morrer nesse imenso cemitério chamado Mediterrâneo. E entramos em seguida num novo eixo temático do disco que vai opôr utopia e distopia, onde se inscreve o imprevisto aberto à errância e por vezes à morte, como a do pescador Nicolas cantado por Michales Loukovikas, esse pescador esperado pela sua mãe que não sabe que o filho se afogou no mar.

A jangada de Medusa, de Théodore Géricault (1818-19). O naufrágio chocou toda a gente porque as vítimas eram europeias; inspirou uma oratória de Hans Werner Henze e um filme
de Iradj Azimi. Agora que estes naufrágios são de não europeus, tornaram-se uma rotina…

O percurso poético e musical abre-se contudo à visão de uma utopia, remetendo para a famosa ilha inventada por Thomas More em 1516, e cujas raízes se encontram em Aristóteles e Platão. A utopia representa, como sabemos, algo de perfeito, indissociável da busca. O sentido político da utopia relaciona-se com um governo imaginário impossível de realizar. A transformação da utopia em distopia revela um tropismo melancólico que diz respeito à nossa representação do tempo e da História marcada pela catástrofe (essa catástrofe de que falava Walter Benjamin, o filósofo judeu alemão, no início dos anos 1930, pressentindo já o horror da Shoah). Assim, o sonho pode-se transformar em pesadelo, onde erram os meninos perdidos, cantados por Amélia Muge numa bela adaptação de um ritmo tradicional da Trácia, com um arranjo de António José Martins e de Michales Loukovikas.

A pergunta colocada por Hölderlin (“Para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência?”), ganha grande intensidade, como uma litania, quando se exprime na voz de Hélia Correia que evoca a ruína da Grécia, abandonada por todos os deuses (sobretudo os deuses da Finança no momento da crise recente). O pesadelo distópico é transmitido pela música de Beethoven, mais precisamente pelo 2o movimento da Terceira Sinfonia, a Marcha Fúnebre, adaptada por Michales Loukovikas, para exprimir o que Hélia Correia designa como a Terceira Miséria (título de um magnífico livro de poesia).⁵ A “terceira miséria” de que fala Hélia Correia, é “a de quem já não ouve nem pergunta” e que corresponde à desumanização do mundo em que vivemos, povoado de sombras, esse mundo que perdeu todo o sentido da hospitalidade – Falamos de sombras é justamente o título deste tema que pertence a uma das mais belas sequências do CD.

⁵ Hélia Correia, A Terceira Miséria, Lisboa, Relógio d’Água, 2012 (com o Partenon na capa).

O terceiro eixo temático deste trabalho aborda por fim a emigração feita da nostalgia que alimenta o cantar do emigrante, onde ouvimos ecos de outros ritmos bem conhecidos, a voz de Violeta Parra, ou os versos de Rosalía de Castro, musicados por José Niza e já cantados por Adriano Correia de Oliveira.

Ao longo do álbum, podemos verificar que a Relação se apresenta como algo de dinâmico que diz o mundo na sua transição entre o interior e o exterior, o subjectivo e o objectivo, o próximo e o distante. Esta Relação é, como afirmava Édouard Glissant, um conhecimento no sentido de um saber acerca de si mesmo e acerca dos outros, quando o artista se abre ao drama do mundo, mas pode também significar um universo onde se inscreve por vezes a Alegria, título de um poema de José Saramago, adaptado por Amélia Muge e António José Martins, baseado numa composição e arranjo de Giorgos Andreou.

A viagem poética e musical converge finalmente numa celebração do mar, espaço do encontro que vai revisitar uma célebre cantiga de amigo de Martim Codax, Ondas do mar de Vigo, cantada em grego por Michales Loukovikas e em português por Amélia Muge, com uma melodia de Rebético de Panaiotis Tountas, música da Relação por excelência. A última sequência de Archipelagos / Passagens projecta-se no futuro pois tal como canta Amélia Muge, “há sempre outro barco a chegar” e “tudo pode acontecer”.

Promenade à Utopia, de Igor Bitman

Para concluir, podemos afirmar que este notável trabalho de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas não pretende apresentar um mundo estático, de conhecimento formal, mas abre-se a um universo de relações e de revelações possíveis. Descobrimos assim o mundo na sua diversidade imprevisível através de uma viagem constituída por múltiplos itinerários que passam pelos lugares que povoam a nossa memória, desenhando um trajecto atento aos dramas da democracia contemporânea, mas também ao milagre sempre renovado da vida, do esplendor da paisagem, do estremecer da esperança. O album trabalha uma Relação constante entre o sujeito, o mundo, a escrita poética e musical, a utopia e a distopia, correspondendo a um percurso emblemático que nos leva a ultrapassar todas as fronteiras, todos os muros, para desenhar uma geopoética da insularidade arquipélica como um colar de ilhas que “estão por nós sempre a chamar” como podemos ouvir na última passagem do disco. Por todas estas razões, pensamos que Archipelagos / Passagens constitui uma bela ilustração do conceito glissantiano de Relação alimentada de mobilidade e de passagens, que incluem o descentramento, o estremecimento, a abertura ao Múltiplo e ao Diverso, mas também um convite à reflexão ética e política, projectando-nos num futuro possível, que deve ter em conta a generosidade da imaginação capaz de transformar o mundo.

● Apresentação de ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens em Paris, Fondation
Calouste Gulbenkian – Délégation en France, 7 de Novembro de 2018.
● Publicado em Limite, Revista de Estudios Portugueses y de
la Lusofonía, Universidad de Extremadura, vol 12.2 / 2018

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/05/20

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MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre ARCHiPELAGOS
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria Graciete Besse: a Portuguese-French writer and poet

Practice of Relation

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Maria Graciete Besse, Professor Emerita, University of Paris IV – La Sorbonne

mariagraciete7@aol.com

Every archipelago thinking is thinking of tremor, of non-presumption, but also of openness and sharing.

Édouard Glissant

Composer, songwriter and singer, Amélia Muge is well known in the Portuguese cultural panorama for the beauty of her lyrics and musical compositions. Born in Mozambique, the artist came to Portugal in 1984. Her first album, entitled Múgica, was released in 1992, followed by Todos os dias (1994). Throughout her career, Amélia Muge has regularly collaborated with José Mário Branco, Fausto, etc., and was awarded the prestigious Zeca Afonso Prize in 1995 for Maio maduro Maio (together with José Mário Branco and João Afonso). She received again this prize in 1998 for the album Taco a Taco, followed by other discs (A Monte, 2000; Não sou daqui, 2007) and numerous participations in national and international festivals. At present, the songwriter continues working with several artists, and composing for well-known fado singers such as Mísia, Camané, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, and many others.

In 2009, Amélia Muge met the singer, composer and instrumentalist Michales Loukovikas, born in Thrace, a specialist in contemporary Hellenic music, especially rebetiko.¹ This meeting, under the auspices of the Internet, proved immediately to be fruitful, actualized in several projects and three albums: a CD-book in Portuguese and Greek (2011), which celebrates the work of the poet Ares Alexandrou, based on a previous work by Michales Loukovikas, entitled O Ouro do Céu (The Gold in the Sky); then Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (2012), considered in Portugal as one of the best albums of the year; and more recently Archipelagos / Passages (2018), which includes a CD and an eBook, where we discover a musical and poetic adventure unfolding between Portugal and Greece, but also open to the wider world. In this work, the two artists celebrate the theme of voyage through different cultures and landscapes, in multiple time and varied space – Portugal, Greece, Macaronesia, South America, the islands of utopia –, proposing a crossed approach, endowed with an original sound that extends the fascinating Luso-Hellenic Wanderings of Periplus, to offer us now some passages that lead us beyond wanderings to new dimensions of the imagination.

¹ A popular genre, marked by the musical heritage of Smyrna (Izmir) and Constantinople (Istanbul), that mainly developed in Hellas during the 1920s, after the Greek refugee waves from Asia Minor.

Endowed with a great literary and musical quality, Archipelagos / Passages consists of 28 routes, distributed in 10 distinct island sequences, presenting itself as a work in the form of an archipelago. The term “archipelago”, as it is made explicit in the eBook (Archipedia) accompanying the CD (with texts in Portuguese, English and Greek), refers to a meaning prevailing in ancient Greece, where it designated the Aegean Sea, later denoting the Aegean Islands, and finally any island group. But the concept of an archipelago presents a high density of poetic connotations, being a tributary, in the Occidental collective imagination, to past centuries’ utopias in which the island appeared isolated. Talking about an archipelago, we can also evoke the ancient culture and, after Hölderlin, all the Hellenic, universal and immortal cultural richness. According to Saint-John Perse (1887-1975), another great poet fascinated by the island universe, there is an atmospheric environment and a psychological base behind the bright screen of the Mediterranean space impregnated with ancient history and civilization. The album of Amelia Muge and Michales Loukovikas opens with this enchanting dimension, emanating from the adaptation of a poem by Hölderlin.

Édouard Glissant, by Jennifer Dionisio

At the centre of the literary and musical universe this work offers, we can easily identify the paradigmatic concept of Relation, developed by the French poet, novelist and philosopher Édouard Glissant (1928-2011), who proposed a rhizomatic poetics open to Diversity as a crossing between a place and the world.² Referring to the crossroads of diverse cultures, the Relation reflects an archipelago thinking, in which the islands cease to mean isolation, opening themselves to the whole world, that is, to a radiating force, opposing the totalitarian concept of closure and intolerance.³ Despite the geographical and cultural differences, we think that in Archipelagos / Passages there are in fact echoes of the work of this great Caribbean poet, mainly due to the sense of a trajectory, a precursor and a crossing, which are at the base of a way of thinking that is opposed to a vision of a closed, unitary world, proposing the stimulating presence of the Diverse, marked by the idea of movement. But, as Édouard Glissant has stressed on several occasions, the Relation does not mean a confused and disorderly mixture of cultures, inasmuch as the Diverse understands the existing differences, adjusting to each other, harmonizing. According to the poet, the Relation has an archipelagic dimension open to passage and to the whole world, a notion that allows conceiving not only politics but also identity, ethics, language and different modes of thinking. In Glissant’s opinion, the scheme of archipelago thinking does not lead to the notion of territory that is defined as a continental notion, because the archipelago is discontinuous, decentralized. In this perspective, the poet-philosopher distinguishes:

● continental thinking identifying with the system, arrogant, made of causal logic that can lead to war;

● and archipelago thinking, which is another way of thinking, more intuitive, more fragile, rhizomatic, associated with the unpredictable of chaos-world, a neologism that characterizes not disorder but the unpredictability.⁴

² According to Édouard Glissant, the Relation is everything that “relates”, in Poétique de la Relation. Poétique III, Paris, Gallimard, 1990, p.187.

³ Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-monde. Poétique IV, Paris, Gallimard, 1997.

⁴ According to Édouard Glissant, the notion of “chaos-world is very precise: it is a cultural mixture, which is not simply reduced to a melting-pot, thanks to which the whole world is realized today.” Introdução a uma poética da diversidade, translated by Enilce do Carmo A. Rocha, Juiz de Fora, UFJF publishers, 2005, p. 98.

The Day of the God, by Paul Gauguin

Poetics of Relation: opacity has the radical potentiality for social movements to challenge and subvert systems of domination. Glissant demands for the “right to opacity”, indicating the oppressed can be opaque, not completely understood, and simply exist as different. The colonizer perceived the colonized as different and unable to be understood, thereby constructing the latter as the Other and demanding transparency so that the former could somehow fit them into their cognitive schema and dominate over them. However, Glissant rejects this transparency and defends opacity and difference because other modes of understanding do exist; he calls for understanding and accepting difference without measuring it to an “ideal scale”, and comparing and making judgments, “without creating a hierarchy” – as Western thought has done.

Rhizome is a philosophical concept developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in their Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972–80). They oppose it to an arborescent (hierarchic, tree-like) conception of knowledge, which works with dualist categories and binary choices. A rhizome works with planar-horizontal and trans-species connections, while an arborescent model works with vertical and linear ones. They use examples from the biological concept of mutualism, in which two different species interact to form a multiplicity. “The rhizome resists the organizational structure of the root-tree system which charts causality along chronological lines, looks for the original source of ‘things’ and towards the pinnacle or conclusion of those ‘things’. A rhizome, on the other hand, is characterized by ‘ceaselessly establishing connections between semiotic chains, organizations of power, and circumstances relative to the arts, sciences, and social struggles.’ Rather than narrativize history and culture, the rhizome presents history and culture as a map or wide array of attractions and influences with no specific origin or genesis, for a ‘rhizome has no beginning or end; it is always in the middle, inter-being, intermezzo.’ The planar movement of the rhizome resists chronology and organization, instead favouring a nomadic system of growth and propagation.”

A surrealistic vision by Haitian artist Vanex Florestant

According to Glissant, archipelago thinking is also thinking of tremor, which is consistent with wandering and open to the future. Thus, shivering or tremor is the quality of what is opposed to the brutal, univocal thinking of oneself without the other, writes the poet, stressing that we need to shiver, because we suffocate in the middle of systemic and arrogant thoughts. We could add that we also need, more and more, spaces of epiphany, as the ones that Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas give us to listen to in this disc that designs unprecedented archipelagos, mobilizes mixed cultures, appealing to a dynamic of unanticipated subjectivations that designate a glance, a voice, a breath, a tradition traversed by multiple passages, fluid and shivering memories, in order to think about the complexity of the world, also inviting us to imagine the Encounter and to foster hope beyond all forms of utopia.

According to Glissant, as well as to Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, the landscape is not just a simple scenario, but an active character in history. Thanks to the poetics of Relation, a part of nature, seen through the human eye, i.e. the landscape chosen according to subjective, emotional and affective parameters, is not only in a horizontal perspective, but designs a vertical profundity that invites us to reflection. Thus, the disc’s first thematic axis proposes a series of landscapes that refer to the beauty of Greece sung by Hölderlin, related to fragments of Orestes, the tragedy of Euripides, composed in 408 BC, evoking pain, sung in ancient Greek by Michales Loukovikas and chorus.

Orestes slaying Aegisthus and Clytemnestra, relief of a sarcophagus (ca 150 CE)

We then identify the presence of two distinct musical universes: the Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal, dating to 1400 BC – discovered in Syria in the 1950s, in the archaeological site of Ugarit – and Acordai (Wake Up), a poem by José Gomes Ferreira, set to music by Fernando Lopes-Graça in the 1940s. The sequence begins as a lullaby that starts from antiquity and reaches our days to awaken our sensitivity and intelligence, and imposes itself as a protest song. Parallel to the literary research of this remarkable musical work, we can speak of an ethical and political dimension in the noblest meaning of the term.

The disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus
designing an itinerary that is projected into the future.

Archipelagos / Passages invites us to a voyage through real and imaginary spaces, proposing a geographical, literary and cultural route that convokes voices as different as those of Sappho, Euripides, Hölderlin, Pessoa, José Gomes Ferreira, Saramago, or even Hélia Correia, which is in the centre of the entire CD. It should also be noted that the disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus designing an itinerary that is projected into the future. The ancient world and the space of the Mediterranean, the closed sea, opens up to the Atlantic and is confounded with the universe of Macaronesia, introduced through a traditional song of the Canaries connected with a song of the Azores and Cape Verdean rhythms in a beautiful tribute to Cesária Évora.

Cesária Évora, by Sersun

We can also observe that all this work is traversed by a fundamental question of Hölderlin, quoted by Hélia Correia: “What is the purpose of the poets in times of such indigence?” This melancholic question, posed in 1800 by the German Romantic poet, underlines the disillusionment of all those who saw the lights of the French Revolution go out in the Reign of Terror. However, Hölderlin does not exactly aim at the disillusioned with history but at those “abandoned by God”, bringing about the spiritual fall, the eclipse of transcendence. Anyway, we should remember that, three years later, the answer to this question arose when Hölderlin underlined the role and responsibility of the artist, stating that “the poets established everything that persists”. In the middle of the 20th century, Adorno evoked the crime against humanity and considered that it would be barbaric to write poetry after Auschwitz. But poetry persisted, as we know, and as is demonstrated by the work of Archipelagos / Passages that celebrates words coming from diverse cultural horizons, to remind us that Hölderlin’s question can be asked again in our days, due to the loss of many values that touch the contemporary world.

Odysseus’ marble statue (ca 1st century BCE) from the Anticythera (ship)wreck discovered by sponge divers near Anticythera in 1900. Statues, coins and other artifacts dating back to the 4th century BCE were found there, as well as the severely corroded remnants of the world’s oldest known analog computer, the Anticythera mechanism.

Archipelagos / Passages, therefore, celebrates a multiple landscape, crosses memories, establishes a dialogue with written and oral tradition, translates the rhythm of languages (Portuguese, Greek, Spanish, English, Creole), makes us listen to the breath that reveals the harmony, pain and violence of history – it is noteworthy that in one of the most beautiful sequences of the album, Amélia Muge dives right into the memory of the words and sings Sappho in ancient Greek, inviting us to travel through time and face the temptation of silence, before convoking an English poem by Fernando Pessoa to insist on the cadence of the hours, showing that time leads us to what Glissant called chaos-world, where we find the shock of contacts, the mixtures between very different realities, the identities and cultures that come into relationship with each other, without losing anything of their originality. This chaos-world is dominated by the sorcerer sea sung in Greek by another collaborator of the CD, Andreas Karakotas, that convokes an excerpt from the already evoked Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal and leads us to an Odyssey where Odysseus is on his way to his island, after a long journey through unknown lands. “Ithaca was everything”, says the poem, but it no longer exists. Odysseus has become a foreigner who takes the form of a beggar, a refugee – we might add today –, a migrant, whom Europe insults and lets him die in this immense cemetery called the Mediterranean. Then we enter a new thematic axis of the disc opposing utopia and dystopia, where the unforeseen, open to wanderings and sometimes to death, is inscribed, like that of Nicolas the fisherman, sung by Michales Loukovikas – the fisherman his mother is waiting for, as she does not know that her son drowned in the sea.

The Raft of the Medusa, by Théodore Géricault (1818-19). The shipwreck shocked everyone as the victims were Europeans (French); it became an oratorio by Hans Werner Henze, and a film by Iradj Azimi. Now that these wrecks concern non-Europeans, they became a routine…

The poetic and musical route opens up, nevertheless, to the vision of a utopia, referring to the famous island invented by Thomas More in 1516, and whose roots are found in Aristotle and Plato. Utopia, as we know, represents something perfect, inseparable from the quest. The political meaning of utopia is related to an imaginary government that is impossible to achieve. The transformation of utopia into dystopia reveals a melancholic tropism that concerns our representation of time and history marked by catastrophe where the dream can be transformed into a nightmare (this catastrophe of which Walter Benjamin, the German Jewish philosopher, spoke in the early 1930s, already sensing the horror of the Holocaust); or into Neverland’s lost kids, sung by Amélia Muge, in a beautiful adaptation of a traditional Thracian rhythm, arranged by António José Martins and Michales Loukovikas.

The question posed by Hölderlin (“What is the purpose of the poets in times of such indigence?”), gains great intensity, like a litany, when it is expressed with Hélia Correia’s voice that evokes the ruin of Hellas, abandoned by all the gods (above all the gods of Finance in the moment of the recent crisis). The dystopian nightmare is transmitted with Beethoven’s music, more precisely the 2nd movement of the Third Symphony, the Funeral March, adapted by Michales Loukovikas, to express what Hélia Correia describes as the Third Misery (title of a magnificent book of poetry).⁵ The “third misery” mentioned by Hélia Correia, is “that of those who just don’t listen nor ask questions… don’t remember”, and corresponds to the dehumanization of the world in which we live, populated by shadows, that world that has lost every sense of hospitality – We Talk About Shadows is rightly the title of this song, in one of the most beautiful sequences in the CD.

⁵ Hélia Correia, A Terceira Miséria, Lisbon, Relógio d’Água, 2012 (with Parthenon on the front cover).

The next thematic axis of this work finally addresses the issue of migration with the nostalgia that fuels the singing of the migrant, where we hear echoes of other well-known tunes, Violeta Parra’s voice, or Rosalía de Castro’s verses, set to music by José Niza and sung by Adriano Correia de Oliveira.

Throughout the album, we can see that the Relation presents itself as something dynamic that reveals the world in its transition between interior and exterior, subjective and objective, near and distant. This Relation, as Édouard Glissant certifies, is a knowledge in the sense of knowing about oneself and about others, when the artist opens himself up to the drama of the world, but it can also mean a universe where Alegria (Jubilation) is sometimes inscribed – it’s the title of a poem of José Saramago, adapted by Amélia Muge and António José Martins, based on a composition and arrangement by Giorgos Andreou.

The poetic and musical voyage finally converges in a celebration of the sea, a meeting space to revisit a celebrated cantiga de amigo (a friend’s song) of Martín Codax, Waves of the Sea of Vigo, sung by Michales Loukovikas (in Greek) and Amélia Muge (in Portuguese), with a melody of rebetiko by Panaiotis Tountas – a music of Relation par excellence. The last sequence of Archipelagos / Passages is projected into the future because, as Amélia Muge sings, “there is always a boat to appear” and “everything will soon converge”.

Promenade à Utopia, by Igor Bitman

In conclusion, we can certify that this remarkable work by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas does not intend to present a static world of formal knowledge, but opens up to a universe of relationships and possible revelations. Thus we discover the world in its unpredictable diversity through a voyage made up of multiple itineraries that pass through places that populate our memory, designing a trajectory attentive to the dramas of contemporary democracy, but also to the ever renewed miracle of life, of the splendour of a landscape, the shivering of hope. The album works on a constant Relation between the subject, the world, poetic and musical writing, utopia and dystopia, corresponding to an emblematic route that leads us to overcome all borders, all walls, to design a geopoetics of archipelagic insularity like a necklace of islands that “are there always calling us”, as we listen to in the last passage of the disc. For all these reasons, we think that Archipelagos / Passages constitutes a beautiful illustration of the Glissantian concept of Relation fed by mobility and passages, which include decentralization, shivering, openness to the Multiple and the Diverse, but also an invitation to an ethical and political reflection that projects us into a plausible future, which must take into account the generosity of an imagination capable of transforming the world.

● Presentation of ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages in Paris, Fondation
Calouste Gulbenkian – Délégation en France, November 7, 2018.
● Published in Limite, Revista de Estudios Portugueses y de
la Lusofonía, Universidad de Extremadura, vol 12.2 / 2018
● Adapted into English: Michales Loukovikas

● See also: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”
● as well as: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “PERIPLUS”

29. BIBLIO – DISCO – GRAPHY

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2020/05/14

Posted in: MEDITERRANEAN periplus. Tagged: Adrien de La Fage, Aeschylus, Alain Daniélou, Alekos Xenos, Alexander Brailowsky, Amélia Muge, Ambracia, Anacreon, Andréia Pedroso, Anestis Delias, Anoushka Shankar, Antônio Jardim, Antonio Quintero, Antonio Vivaldi, Apollo, Apollonius of Rhodes, Aram Khachaturian, Argos, Aristides Quintilianus, Aristophanes, Aristoxenus, Artur Gouvêa, Athenaeus, Athens, Âşık Veysel, B. B. King, Béla Bartók, Beatles, Bernarda de Utrera, Bibliography, Boeotia, Camarón de la Isla, Ceos, Chalcis, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Cinaethon, Concha Buika, Crete, Curt Sachs, Cyrene, Dalida, Darius Milhaud, Demodocus, Dimitrie Cantemir, Dionisio Aguado, Dionysis Savvopoulos, Discography, Dmitri Shostakovich, Domna Samiou, Donn Pohren, El Lebrijano, El Turronero, Enrique de Melchor, Enrique Granados, Enrique Morente, Epigonus, Estrellita Castro, Eugammon, Eumolpus, Euripides, Federico García Lorca, Felip Pedrell, Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, Georg Friederich Händel, George Martin, Georges Bizet, Giannis Papaioannou, Giorgos Andreou, Hector Berlioz, Hermione, Herodotus, Hesiod, Homer, Hormoz Farhat, Hugo Riemann, Iannis Βernidakis, Iégor Reznikoff, Imperio Argentina, Ionia, Iovan Tsaous, Isaac Albéniz, Isabel Pantoja, Ithaca, Jimi Hendrix, Johann Sebastian Bach, Johannes Brahms, Juanito Valderrama, Kaygusuz Abdal, Kurt Weill, Lasus, Laurent de La Hyre, Lesbos, Limenius, Lola Flores, Lole y Manuel, Louis Lucas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lycophron, Manolis Chiotis, Manolis Kalomiris, Manolo Escobar, Manos Hadjidakis, Manuel de Falla, Manuel Quiroga, Manuel Torre, Marchena, Marifé de Triana, Marinella, Markos Vamvakaris, Marsyas, Matar Muhammad, Maurice Ravel, Música Surda, Mediterranean, MEDITERRANEAN periplus, Melanippides, Melchor de Marchena, Melos, Melpomene, Mesomedes, Michales Loukovikas, Miguel Poveda, Mikis Theodorakis, Miletus, Modest Mussorgsky, Munir Bashir, Musaeus, Mytilene, Nicolò Paganini, Nikos Xylouris, Nina Simone, Orpheus, Paco de Lucía, Paco Peña, Panaiotes Tountas, Parisa, Pastora Pavón, Pastora Soler, Pericles Papapetrópoulos, Periplus, Phemius, Pherecrates, Phoebus Anogeianakis, Phrygia, Phrynis, Pindar, Pink Floyd, Pir Sultan Abdal, Plácido Domingo, Pythagoras, Raquel Meller, Ravi Shankar, Rhodes, Rocío Jurado, Rodolphe d'Erlanger, Roger Waters, Ross Daly, Sakadas, Salah El Mahdi, Samos, Sappho, Sara Montiel, Scheria, Seikilos, Sergei Prokofiev, Silverio Franconetti, Simon Karas, Simonides, Solon Michaelides, Sophocles, Sotiria Bellou, Sparta, Stelios Foustalieris, Stesichorus, Stratos Pagioumtzis, Taranto, Teos, Terpander, Thamyris, Thebes, Thelonius Monk, Thrace, Thucydides, Timotheus, Tralles, Triana, Utrera, Vangelis Papázoglou, Vassilis Tsitsanis, Vicente Espinel, Vissarion Shebalin, Wikipedia, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Yehudi Menuhin, Yiorgos Batis, Yorgo Bacanos, Yunus Emre, Zeus, Ziryab, Zoltán Kodály. Leave a comment

29. BIBLIO – DISCO – GRAPHY

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ 29. ΒΙΒΛΙΟ – ΔΙΣΚΟ – ΓΡΑΦΙΑ

Michales Loukovikas

I REMEMBER HOW METICULOUS (too meticulous, to tell the truth) I was in my first radio show: I had prepared two lists – on bibliography and discography – to read in the end, notifying the listeners of my sources of information, and also of the music I used during the show (I did not know then how to announce a piece of music without interrupting the narrative). I will never forget my total embarrassment while reading that screed: it was completely anti-radiophonic! “I will never do such a stupidity again!”, I said to myself. It’s the reason why there is no bibliography here, my fellow voyagers. If I rack my brain to recall what I’ve read or heard all these years and prepare a list, I guess, it would be unfair for all my other sources. What I already mention in the Chronicles, I think, is more than enough. As I stressed in Chronicle 14 (What is language? What’s its origin?), trust was a prerequisite of speech. Well, no one, I believe, will ever imagine that what I mention here are figments of my imagination! If something reassures me a bit is that… neither Herodotus nor Thucydides had bibliographies in their Histories!

● Nevertheless, I feel obliged to refer particularly to Wikipedia, to which I’m really so much obliged, though I often criticized or even made fun of it. In fact, the real target was never Wikipedia itself but certain writers. Anyone going there, I suppose, needs to have a) a critical mind, and b) certain knowledge of the subject. Be that as it may, Wikipedia is a fantastic treasure of information. Thank… Zeus, it’s there for all of us to consult!

Regarding discography, I never thought it would be necessary here. Besides, all the playlists with the music I used in each show were always on separate pieces of paper so as not to get mixed up with my other notes. The idea some friends had about a… proposed discography, with music that could be listened to while reading the book, is too exaggerated. Besides, I mention so many musicians and their masterpieces (mainly in the 1st part of our Periplus) that could be used as a proposed discography – although I’m afraid the readers (of the book) will soon turn into… listeners (of music)! Anyway, whatever we do, we shall never be able to revive that Mediterranean periplus on the radio. Its memory will be forever an exclusive privilege of the program’s listeners…

Musicians mentioned in the Mediterranean periplus

>> 30. MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS – bio

<< 28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

Allegory of Music, by Laurent de La Hyre

iii) APPENDIX

28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ 28. ΠΩΣ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΗΚΕ Ο ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΥ ΠΑΡΑΠΛΟΥΣ

Michales Loukovikas

“… STARTING FROM INDIA with Ravi Shankar, he passes to the Arabs with their ouds, then to Andalusia and flamenco – and, why not?, to some Jimi Henrdix stuff, if he feels like it!”…

Pandit Ravi Shankar

That’s how a 9.58 fm executive responded, to the question of a new ERT3 radio manager, on what I played in the Mediterranean periplus, as he was impressed by the program’s ratings, having in hand the results of a related research: if this executive had included the… Persians, Bach and Beethoven, plus Latin America and jazz, he would have been closer to a succinct summary!

The Mediterranean periplus was born in 1998, when I was told that from then on my program would be daily (the previous years I had weekly shows: In Search of Orpheus, and Flamenco – Andalusia’s Rebetiko, when I translated Donn Pohren’s book, The Art of Flamenco, comparing the two genres). I was puzzled over what I would do in my new daily program, and decided to do something… extravagant, continuing in a way my Thessaloniki newspaper column, Mediterranean periplus, while playing music exclusively from my personal archive.

In short, I decided to present to the public the material I had been collecting for several years, not just buying discs (my resources were limited then: I would eat less to get “musical food”), but also copying from friends (in any house I visited, I would check the record collection, and then borrow some of them). I’m talking, nota bene, about the era B.I. (before Internet), when not only free downloading was non-existent, but also information about “world music” was, in fact, hard to find. In this way, I managed to gather a rather admirable archive.

I divided my archive into two categories (Orient / Occident), and numbered my discs and cassettes (Hellenic numbers for the Orient, Arabic for the Occident). I then figured out ways to get random numbers so as to eliminate the subjective element in music selection: these… lucky numbers corresponded to music from both categories (so that there was a balance between them); finally, I checked everything I played so as not to play it again – unless it was a listener’s request. (I don’t think there is any other “extravagant” person in the world who prepares shows in this way! Nor, of course, that if someone followed this recipe, he/she would be able to create a new Mediterranean periplus)…⁽¹⁾

⁽¹⁾ There was a girl who would come to the studio every evening to watch me while I was “on air” in an effort to “decipher” my way of making radio. I don’t know if she was an earnest fan of mine or a spy of the management – or if her intentions were more “down-to-earth”! In any case, after a month or so, she disappeared giving up her quest: I guess that she had probably decided I was undecipherable – or just… undesirable!

Nina Simone and Soteria Bellou

Anyone can understand that the pieces of music selected through this “lottery” were anything but corresponding to each other. That’s why a “rationalization” process followed to map out itineraries, build bridges, and find the information for each track, so that the journey would be unpredictable, and also meaningful, captivating and entertaining; you see, I loathed that “trendy style” to play a Nina Simone blues after a Soteria Bellou’s rebetiko! Add to this the digitization of all tracks that were not in CD format. As contributing in this field, I have to publicly thank Giorgos Andreou (who, after listening to some of my shows, turned to me and said, “You’re way ahead…” – with me looking dumbfounded, as I couldn’t understand then what he meant).⁽²⁾

⁽²⁾ It is impressive that my work as a radio producer has improved my work as a music producer! The experience I gained creating bridges between different cultures and genres of music in the radio program was used during the final revision of my work setting Ares Alexandrou’s poetry to music (The Gold in the Sky): this work, lasting 78 minutes, is essentially one piece, where each part leads to the next one – despite being a West-to-East voyage with many styles involved. In short, the radio made me a better musician! I am again indebted to Giorgos Andreou during this final revision phase of my work, as he helped me use the Finale program… When the time came later for my adventure in Portugal, in a partnership with Amélia Muge, I was equipped to employ all this knowledge in our own projects (Periplus and Archipelagos), sailing freely through modes, genres and cultures.

This spadework was necessary before any Mediterranean periplus. If you wonder what my anticipations were at the time, I expected – to tell you the truth – that the program would stop in two or three months, due to… lack of listeners! After all, the same thing had happened twice (102 fm radio, ERT3)… You can imagine my surprise when I learned that the program was a “smash hit”! I have to thank all the listeners for their longtime support and the great joy they have given me. As I realized from their phone calls, the Mediterranean periplus appealed to all ages (from high school students to retirees), to all social or educational backgrounds (from ordinary workers with basic education to intellectuals).⁽³⁾

⁽³⁾ Mediterranean periplus, nota bene, is dedicated to Homer, Herodotus, and the program’s listeners.

Ludwig van Beethoven

I have a lot to remember: university professors applauding my ability to simplify matters around music, or musicology students asking for my opinion on various musicological topics; Western classical music aficionados thanking me because I had opened the door for them to enter another immense musical universe, that of the Orient, or of the earthy, unsophisticated folk art; people who visited some Oriental countries telling those who met there: “You know, back at home we can listen to music from your country on the radio”; other people with psychological problems who found some solution listening to the Mediterranean periplus! But what I will never forget is the phone call of a simple, ordinary working man, who trusted me so much by then that he told me:

“Hey, buddy, I really go for you! For your sake, I even dig Beethoven!”…

>> 29. BIBLIO – DISCO – GRAPHY

<< Chronicle 27. AN ARCHAEOLOGIST’S WATERLOO

GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2018/05/18

Posted in: Reflections on our work. Tagged: Aegean Sea, Aegeus, Aeschylus, Amélia Muge, Archipelago, Ariadne, Armando Soares, Concept album, Dionysis Karatzas, Euripides, Fado, Fernando Lopes-Graça, Fernando Pessoa, Folk music, Folklore, Friedrich Hölderlin, Galicians, Giorgos Andreou, Giorgos Mitsakis, Hélia Correia, Homer, Hubris, Hurrians, Hymnodist, João de Deus, José Gomes Ferreira, José Malhoa, José Niza, José Saramago, Laïko, Ludwig van Beethoven, Martin Codax, Michales Loukovikas, Minotaur, Naxos, Nostos, Odysseus, Odyssey, Orestes, Panagiotis Tountas, Parthenon, Pink Floyd, Rebetiko, Rosalía de Castro, Sappho, Smyrna, Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven), Temple of Poseidon at Sounion, Theseus, Tradition, Ugarit, Vasco da Gama, Vasilis Tsitsanis, Violeta Parra. Leave a comment

GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Ο ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΑΝΔΡΕΟΥ για το “ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ”

Giorgos Andreou, a distinguished Greek composer and pianist

BETWEEN the Portuguese and the Greeks, they say, there’s a great affinity. They are two peoples with superb achievements at sea. We, Greeks, have given glamour to the Archipelago, i.e. the Aegean Sea, since ancient times with the awesome and, at the same time, dazzling archetype of the great voyager, Odysseus, an (almost) intertemporal person now, who has remarkably managed to get into the consciousness and cultures of all the peoples of the world, thanks to that major text, the “Odyssey”, which is essentially what? It is a man’s struggle with the sea – at times his friend, at times his enemy – in order to return to his land, Ithaca, to fulfill his “nostos”, to eat “nostimon” (delicious) bread, to experience what Homer calls “nostimon hemar” – the day of his return home. The significance of the word “nostimon” is so great that has ended up in us, Modern Greeks, having the meaning of a dish which is good and not “anoston” (tasteless). While “anostos” is the one who cannot return to his homeland. These are excellent wordplays of the language.

I’d like to point out some important lines of approach in this new work by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas. Unfortunately, we live in a time when the idea of an “integral recording”, what we call a concept album, tends to fall apart, returning to an era of separate tracks that are being played on the radio inconsistently. I do not blame them; separate songs are fine, as well. But recording history has given us the opportunity to create masterpieces resembling literary works, novels: i.e. a whole disc having a single theme, or variations on a single theme, being a story. There are prominent Greek composers, who have set poetry to music producing significant work, as well as great foreign bands, such as Pink Floyd, and many others, who have benefited from this mode of recording.

Amelia and Michales have loved this mode; they have honoured it to the full. Both “Periplus”, their previous joint effort, and “Archipelagos”, are integrated acoustic, aesthetic, cultural immersions that you cannot listen to in parts; you have to listen to them in whole, seeing the development of their own aesthetics, sensitivity, artistic targeting, and through them, all the important parameters that inevitably come to light, even more so when two cultures meet, converging and also diverging.

Everything is featured and entertained in “Archipelagos”: great poets that I feel the need to mention. We begin with an anonymous hymnodist from Ugarit 3500 years ago; it is a Hurrian hymn, whose music is set to Greek and Portuguese lyrics, that curiously its musical motif sounds very much like a Portuguese anti-fascist anthem, “Acordai!” (Wake up!). Sappho, Euripides, with a choral ode from “Orestes”, Friedrich Hölderlin, João de Deus, Rosalía de Castro, José Gomes Ferreira, Hélia Correia and, of course, the two tremendous Portuguese literary personalities, Fernando Pessoa and José Saramago, are also present.

Regarding songwriters, those entertained here are Martín Codax (a medieval Galician bard), the celebrated Violeta Parra, Armando Soares, José Niza, as well as the Greeks Panagiotis Tountas, Giorgos Mitsakis, Vasilis Tsitsanis, along with some composers, most prominently Ludwig van Beethoven. Now what’s Beethoven doing in a meeting between Portuguese and Greeks? Alright, there are always some artistic… perversions! It is, of course, justifiable because, strangely enough, this “Marcia funebre”, in the Second Movement of the Third Symphony, has made a match in a “diabolical” and paradoxical way with a poetic creation by the eminent writer Hélia Correia,^(*) a philhellene, who has also produced significant work under the influence of the Hellenic spirit, the ancient above all. Other composers are Fernando Lopes-Graça and me… (I have not referred to Michales and Amelia, as I do not consider them to be just authors in this work; I regard them as pillars. I’ve just mentioned those who are entertained in their work).

^(*) Hélia Correia’s poem, referred to by Giorgos Andreou, is “The Third Misery” (A Terceira Miséria, 2012), dedicated to Greece, with the Parthenon on the cover. It’s a pity, indeed, if it’s not published in Greek.

A wonderful thing happened concerning myself: I had written a musical motif in the CD “Swallows in the Rain” (which I recorded with the outstanding Plucked Strings Orchestra “Athanasios Tsipinakis” of the municipality of Patras), asking the excellent poet Dionysis Karatzas to recite three of his poems, so as to have also his voice recorded along with the songs that were born within me due to his poetry. Indeed, he read the poems on a composition that I called “Like a Play”. Listening to this music, Amélia picked a poem by Saramago, “Alegria”, and perfectly matched melody and poetry as if by magic! There are more magic moments: Saramago’s wife has been a very interesting actress having also worked in Patras, a philhellene, as well. Thrilling coincidences…

Plucked Strings Orchestra “Athanasios Tsipinakis” of the municipality of Patras

In our cultures, those related to sea, the poetic phenomenon is central. We can compliment ourselves that we are musicians, but the cultures in which Hellenes and Portuguese belong are above all poetic cultures. Their great dynamic is poetic creation. Poetic creation, I would say, from Homer to Pessoa, dictates in a way the reflection of these cultures, the way they gaze at themselves and the world, the way in which they ponder on the idea of voyage. Great poetic texts in both cultures deal with the sea, the human adventure. There have been great voyagers – the Portuguese have their own great explorers, e.g. Vasco da Gama – people who have struggled with the sea, even drowned, so that we could improve our understanding of the world, find new seas, new lands. But what these cultures are looking for above all is a deeper poetic connection of our being with the universe around us.

Fado, by José Malhoa

It is no coincidence that these cultures, for which the Poetic Mode is of great importance, preserve what we call folk culture – have their own Folk musical Tradition. The Portuguese have the well-known Fado, beloved all over the planet; we have our great Demotic Tradition and, at the same time, an important branch that sprang out from it, our folk song, which started from Smyrna as an urban song, and developed from Rebetiko to a city Laïkó song, reaching its climax with geniuses, such as Tsitsanis or, sometime before, Tountas, who has been a bridge between these two routes.

What, then, is that which preserves folk tradition in these cultures? (Because there are cultures – great at every level – which no longer have a folk tradition, a folk song of their own, but only academic). It is this poetic reflection, poetic consciousness, which is not (only) individual. There is a collective universe behind every individual in these cultures. I firmly believe this is due to the relationship with the infinite that the sea symbolizes. The water is the unconscious, the long voyage, underneath our logic, where we put islands, meaning logic, surrounded by the subconscious of the immense sea. That’s how a sense of unity is born: while we are individuals, we are simultaneously a Community; and we express ourselves (how else?) through this Community.

The most important expression of the Community is Tradition – music, dance, visual arts. Whatever tradition we pick as an example, we realize there’s a sense of coherence, of discipline: I conform myself to a pattern that exists for centuries now, I work on it, taste it, add or remove something, and give it back to go beyond me, when I no longer exist, though I exist through it, within it. This is a way of approaching our reality, a way with which our two cultures, the Hellenic and the Portuguese, have learned to live and create for centuries and centuries.

Tradition, by Olin Levi Warner (1895). Bronze tympanum
over the main entrance of the Library of Congress in Washington.

All of the above are in a way recorded in “Archipelagos”. Of course, do not expect some musicological treatise. No creator or artist owes anything like that. First of all, what counts is his/her personal taste, mental euphoria, and the connections he/she has chosen. The artist defends a personal “meaning” while proposing a work of art. This meaning, however, at the same time symbolizes the whole, because Tsitsanis is also all the rest, just like Beethoven is in a way all Classical music. Thus a gesture has always a wider scope than the choice of a person.

I invite you, therefore, to listen, feel and love “Archipelagos” for what it is: the meeting of two creative persons, two important artists, two excellent musicians-composers, and the way they conform themselves to Tradition and at the same time renew it. Because a Tradition that remains stagnant and is not renewed will inevitably die and be “frozen”. As well as a renewal that is more “irreverent” than it’s proper – i.e. its audacity disturbs the balance of aesthetic and moral options, and is gradually transformed into an offense, damage, “unconventional” attitude, which anyway dissolves the fabric of Tradition – is equally reprehensible.

The Temple of Poseidon at Sounion; the point where Aegeus jumped into the sea, since his son, Theseus, blinded by arrogance and hybris (he had killed the Minotaur, but thanks to Ariadne, whom he later abandoned on Naxos), forgot to raise the white sail of good news
for his father waiting anxiously to see him back…

I believe that Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas have achieved this admirable balance creating in fact a work of art, so much flattering for us Greeks, as it is called “Archipelagos”. There are many archipelagos, but historically the first one and immortal throughout the ages, thanks to the “Odyssey” and the father of all, Homer, is the Aegean Sea, which, as Aeschylus has written, many times we see it blooming dead, either by a tempest, or some naval battle or catastrophe, or an unexpected return without a white sail, such as that which led Aegeus in despair to jump into the waters and henceforth the sea to be called Aegean.

There’s always a drama behind our cultures. However, we have already attained the manner, kindness, wisdom and mental integrity not to mourn this drama, but save it as a precious patrimony, a bittersweet balance between light and darkness, life and death – isn’t human destiny likewise throughout the ages?

Good luck and congratulations on your work!

Speech during the presentation of “Archipelagos”
at “Janus” bookstores in Athens on May 4, 2018

ARCHiPELAGOS • VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2017/11/23

Posted in: ARCHiPELAGOS. Tagged: A Terceira Miséria, Abkhazia, Alexandria, Amélia Muge, Anatolia, Antígona, António José Martins, António Quintino, Argo, Argonautas, Argos, Aristarco, Aristóteles, Arquimedes, Ateísmo, Ásia Menor, Óstraco, Batalha de Salamina, Biblioteca de Alexandria, Caesareum, Catarina Anacleto, Cólquida, Charles William Mitchell, Cibele, Circe Invidiosa, Cirilo, Clístenes, Ctesíbio, Democracia, Dimitris Mystakidis, Eclésia, Eratóstenes, Euclides, Farol de Alexandria, Fenícia, Filipe Raposo, Flauta de Pã, Francesco Jerace, Frígia, Guerra de Troia, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Helena, Henoteísmo, Heron, Hipátia, Hiparco, Homero, Ilhas Egeias, Indignação, Jasão, Jean François de Troy, John William Waterhouse, José Manuel David, José Salgueiro, Konstantinos Volanakis, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kyriakos Gouventas, Luís de Camões, Ludwig van Beethoven, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Mar Negro, Maria Monda, Medeia, Michales Loukovikas, Monolatria, Monoteísmo, Museu de Alexandria, Napoleão Bonaparte, Ninfas, Odisseia, Oligarquia, Pã, Panenteísmo, Pedro Casaes, Pericles, Persas, Philipp Foltz, Polis, Politeia, Prémio Camões, Reia, Revolução Francesa, Rui Vaz, Sócrates de Constantinopla, Serapeu, Serapis, Sete maravilhas, Siringe, Syrinx, Teísmo, Teófilo, Teodósio, Tessália, Velo de ouro. Leave a comment

AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens

VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA

● Sem deuses ● Nós ● Feitiço
● As ilhas do Egeu ● A ruína da Grécia
● Falamos de sombras (Democracia)
● Um início

/ENGLISH/ ARCHiPELAGOS • VIII. IN TIMES OF INDIGENCE

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ • VIII. ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΟΧΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΔΕΙΑΣ

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens: AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

Hélia Correia: A Terceira Miséria & Indignação (excertos)

17. Sem deuses

– Hélia Correia / Amélia Muge
• Arranjo: A. Muge, António José Martins, Michales Loukovikas

Para quê, […] para que servem
Os poetas em tempo de indigência?

[…] sem deuses, sem o sentimento
Sequer da sua falta, nós nascemos,
E incapazes de lembrar, secando,
Sugando tudo, até aquilo que não
Nos serve de alimento, o que circula
Nas entranhas da terra, a sua linfa,
Essa que os argonautas ainda viram
Exsudar, como um sangue, dos rochedos
Quando tudo cantava e era ferido.

• Canto e voz ritmada: A. Muge / Coro: Maria Monda, A. Muge •
Contrabaixo: António Quintino / Percussão: José Salgueiro / Violino: Kyriakos Gouventas

Argo, de Konstantinos Volanakis

● Hélia Correia (nascida a 1949 em Lisboa) é uma escritora de romances, contos, sendo também dramaturga e poeta. Reinterpreta mitos helénicos dando destaque a heroínas como Antígona, Helena, e Medeia. Ganhou o Prémio Camões (2015), a distinção mais prestigiada do mundo Lusófono, que dedicou à Grécia, de onde vem a poesia, sem a qual não seríamos nem teríamos nada, como disse na entrega do prémio, concluindo com a exclamação Viva a Grécia! Além disso, é uma dupla pena que ninguém se tivesse interessado em publicar A Terceira Miséria na Grécia. Bem, é a quarta miséria que nos cabe! ● Argonautas: heróis da mitologia helénica que nos anos anteriores à Guerra de Troia (c. 1300 a.C.) acompanharam Jasão de Tessália na viagem a Cólquida, na costa do Mar Negro (actual Abkházia na Geórgia ocidental), em busca do Velo de ouro; o termo argonautas significa, literalmente, os marinheiros do Argo, nome dado ao navio em que viajam, em honra do seu construtor – Argos. Numa das suas aventuras, vão dar ao Monte Díndimo, lugar seco e rochoso, situado na Frígia (Ásia Menor); aí, por engano, acabam por matar os seus aliados e protegidos de Cibele (ou Reia) – deusa daquele lugar, da terra, da fertilidade, da montanha, a mãe de todos os deuses e de todos os seres, a Senhora de muitos nomes…; em sua homenagem e a título de pedido de perdão pelo erro, oferecem-lhe sacrifícios e a deusa, em reconhecimento, faz nascer do rochedo uma fonte de água cristalina (Fonte ou Nascente de Jasão) e à volta dela brotam ervas, flores e muitas outras plantas.

18. Nós

– Hélia Correia / Michales Loukovikas
• Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

Nós, os abandonados, os que não
Sabem sequer como aplacar
E a quem,
Nós, os emudecidos,
Irmanados com os sem-terra, nós,
Os futuramente esfomeados,
Bárbaros com os pés no alcatrão,
Bebedores de petróleo, como pode

De novo a praça,
A Ágora, juntar-nos?

• Canto: Amélia Muge / Coro: Maria Monda, A. Muge • Contrabaixo: António Quintino
Guitarra: Dimitris Mystakidis / Percussão: José Salgueiro / Piano: Filipe Raposo

● Ágora: praça central na antiga pólis helénica; literalmente significa assembleia ou ponto de encontro; começa por ser o centro da vida política, artística, espiritual e atlética da cidade; mais tarde, também funciona como pólo económico: um mercado com tendas ou lojas, atraindo artesãos que, à sua volta, constroem as suas oficinas. Desta dupla função da ágora – espaço político-económico – derivam dois verbos gregos: ἀγορεύω (agoreúō), falar em público, e ἀγοράζω (agorázō), comprar, ir às compras. É também origem da palavra agorafobia (receio mórbido de espaços largos, como ruas e praças, em especial de sítios públicos).

Uma representação imaginária da Ágora ateniense na época de Péricles

19. Feitiço

– Hélia Correia / Amélia Muge
• Arranjo: António José Martins, Filipe Raposo

Esses – que não existem
E nos deixaram assustados, sós,
Sem as ferramentas adequadas,
Sem pensamento,
Sem esses deuses temperamentais
Que tomavam partido nos combates.

Transformados em porcos, por feitiço,
Pela malevolência,
Exactamente
Como na Odisseia,
Não sabemos
– e os Gregos esqueceram –
Como é que tal feitiço
Se desfaz?

Circe Invidiosa, de John William Waterhouse

Experimentos
– Amélia Muge

Orelha de porco
Gato sapato
Olho de rato,
Um ramo torto
Metade do bico da cotovia

Rosmano mocho
Bago romã
Unha de coxo
Perna de rã
Língua da avó mas que seja torta

Pingo de cuspo
Pico do cacto
Escama de peixe
Pêlo de gato
Asas de mosca atadas num feixe

Uma nota preta
Um cheque careca
Moeda furada
Um arroto de banqueiro
O suor de um ano inteiro

• Canto, efeitos vocais, voz falada: A. Muge
• Percussão: José Salgueiro, A.J. Martins
Sintetizadores: F. Raposo

● Odisseia: ver Homero, em ARCHiPELAGOS • VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS.

●

20. As ilhas do Egeu

– Hélia Correia / Manos Achalinotópoulos, Amélia Muge
– Livre improviso:
Harris Lambrakis, M. Achalinotópoulos, A. Muge, Kyriakos Gouventas
• Arranjo: Michales Loukovikas

[…] Só mais tarde […]
O que desconhecia a mansidão […]
Se apercebeu do uivo que soltavam
As ilhas todas, com as suas praias
E os seus bosques vazios. […]

[…] Sim, foi essa
A primeira miséria, a deserção
Dos deuses. A segunda, a sua morte,
Já na morte de Pã anunciada
Pelo lamento dos bosques, o clamor
Lutuoso das ilhas do Egeu. […]

Para quê, […] para que servem
Os poetas em tempo de indigência?

• Voz falada: H. Correia / Canto: A. Muge / Improviso vocal: M. Achalinotópoulos, A. Muge
• Improviso instrumental: H. Lambrakis, ney; M. Achalinotópoulos, clarino; K. Gouventas, violino
Pedal: K. Gouventas, viola; António Quintino, contrabaixo; Catarina Anacleto, violoncelo

Pã e Syrinx (ou Sírinx e Siringe), de Jean François de Troy.

● Ilhas do Egeu: ver ARCHiPELAGOS • I. REVISITANDO O ARQUIPÉLAGO. ● Pã: nome originário do grego πάειν (páein, pasto), é o deus da natureza selvagem, de pastores e da música pastoral, de rebanhos e montanhas, companheiro das ninfas, ligado à fertilidade e à primavera; é também o deus da crítica teatral; temido pelos que atravessam florestas durante a noite, atribuem os pavores súbitos que os acometem, quando ouvem sons estranhos, de animais, a Pã (pânico); inventa um instrumento musical chamado Siringe, nome de uma ninfa que para fugir dos ataques amorosoa de Pã se transforma num canavial, a partir do qual ele cria a sua flauta, conhecida como siringe ou flauta de Pã; em versão egípcia, é a constelação do Capricórnio; com pernas e chifres de bode, Pã é uma figura significativa no movimento romântico nos séculos XVII a XIX, bem como nos movimentos neopagãos do século XX.

●

21. A ruína da Grécia

– Hélia Correia / Michales Loukovikas
• Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

Nós, os ateus, nós, os monoteístas,
Nós, os que reduzimos a beleza
A pequenas tarefas, nós, os pobres
Adornados, os pobres confortáveis,
Os que a si mesmos se vigarizavam
Olhando para cima, para as torres,
Supondo que as podiam habitar,
Glória das águias que nem águias tem,
Sofremos, sim, de idêntica indigência,
Da ruína da Grécia.

● Ateísmo: ausência e rejeição da crença na existência de divindades – de qualquer divindade; tem por oposição o teísmo, que acredita na existência de pelo menos um deus. A raiz etimológica da palavra ateísmo tem origem (séc. V a.C.) no grego ἄθεος (atheos), que significa sem deus(es). O termo actual aparece no séc. XVI. ● Monoteísmo: crença na existência de um único deus criador do mundo, onipotente, onisciente e onipresente; uma distinção pode ser feita entre o monoteísmo exclusivo e o monoteísmo inclusivo ou panenteísta que, apesar de reconhecer vários deuses distintos, postula alguma unidade subjacente. Distingue-se do henoteísmo em que, apesar de o crente adorar uma só divindade, admite a existência de outras com a mesma validade e adoração igualmente monolátrica.

• Canto: Amélia Muge / Coro: Maria Monda, A. Muge • Clarino: Manos Achalinotópoulos
Contrabaixo: António Quintino / Guitarra: Dimitris Mystakidis / Ney: Harris Lambrakis
Percussão: José Salgueiro / Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violino: Kyriakos Gouventas

22. Falamos de sombras (Democracia)

– Hélia Correia / Ludwig van Beethoven
• Adaptação / Arranjo: Michales Loukovikas

A Terceira Sinfonia (Eroica), Segundo Movimento, primeira parte
Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce (1804)

Sim, falamos de sombras. Vendo bem,
Incendiámos tudo: Alexandria
E os sábios, as mulheres, […]
O grande coração. Temos aos ombros
O apetrecho dos destruidores, […]:
Essa arrogância
Pela qual o ocidente se perdeu.

A terceira miséria é esta, […].
A de quem já não ouve nem pergunta.
[…] não recorda. E, ao contrário
Do orgulhoso Péricles, se torna
Num entre […] os que se entregam,
[…] que vão misturar-se como um líquido
Num líquido maior, perdida a forma,
Desfeita em pó a estátua.

Estão as praças,
Como ágoras de outrora, estonteadas
Pela concentração dos organismos,
Pelo uso da palavra, a fervilhante
Palavra própria da democracia […]

Monumento a Beethoven, de Francesco Jerace (1895)

• Canto: Amélia Muge / Coro: Maria Monda, A. Muge, Rui Vaz, José Manuel David, Pedro Casaes
• Clarinete: Kosmás Papadópoulos / Contrabaixo: António Quintino
Ney: Harris Lambrakis / Percussão: José Salgueiro / Piano: Filipe Raposo
Violino, viola: Kyriakos Gouventas / Violoncelo: Catarina Anacleto

● Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827): compositor e pianista alemão na transição entre o classicismo e o romantismo na música ocidental, e um dos mais famosos e influentes compositores do mundo. ● Sua Terceira Sinfonia (1804) foi inicialmente dedicada a (Napoleão) Buonaparte (título original da obra), por acreditar que incorpora os ideais democráticos e anti-monárquicos da Revolução Francesa; mas quando se auto-proclama imperador, retira-lhe a dedicatória; publicada em 1806, a partitura já se intitula Sinfonia Eroica, composta per festeggiare il sovvenire di un grande Uomo; informado da morte de Napoleão (1821), Beethoven diz: Compus para este acontecimento há 17 anos, referindo-se ao Segundo movimento: Marcia funebre (marcha fúnebre); Adagio assai (muito lento); Sotto voce (em voz baixa, sussurrado).

Hipátia, de Charles William Mitchell (1885)

● Alexandria: fundada por Alexandre o Grande por volta de 331 a.C., torna-se um importante centro da civilização helenística; é famosa pelo Farol (ilha de Faros), uma das Sete maravilhas da Antiguidade, e pela Grande Biblioteca, a maior da sua época, incendiada à vez por romanos, bizantinos e árabes embora não haja certezas quanto a estes últimos; os títulos, conservados sobretudo em rolos de papiro, seriam entre 40.000 e 400.000 na altura do seu apogeu, pelo que os sucessivos incêndios fazem dela símbolo de destruição do conhecimento intelectual e artístico; a Biblioteca fazia parte do Museu, instituição dedicada à investigação, onde estudaram muitos dos mais importantes pensadores da antiguidade como Arquimedes, Aristarco, Ctesíbio, Eratóstenes, Euclides, Heron ou Hiparco; depois da Biblioteca principal ter sido destruída, os estudiosos passam a usar uma biblioteca filha, noutro local da cidade: a biblioteca do templo Serapeu, dedicado a Serápis, protector de Alexandria. ● Em 391 d.C. o Serapeu e o remanescente da Grande Biblioteca são de novo pilhados e queimados, agora por soldados e por fanáticos cristãos, por ordem de um decreto do Imperador Teodósio e de outro do patriarca Teófilo. ● O “Grande Terror” em Alexandria atinge o seu climax em 415, com o brutal assassinato da filósofa, matemática e astrónoma Hipátia, instigado por “Santo” Cirilo, sobrinho e sucessor de Teófilo. Sócrates de Constantinopla, um historiador cristão contemporâneo, atesta, na sua História Eclesiástica, que Cirilo incitou uma multidão de 500 monges possuídos “de um ardor feroz e intolerante [… Eles] atacaram-na de surpresa [Hipátia] quando regressava a casa, arrastando-a da carruagem, levaram-na para uma igreja chamada Caesareum [o quartel-general de Cirilo], onde a despiram e assassinaram com óstraca [cacos de barro, fragmentos de cerâmica]. Depois de terem dilacerado e feito em pedaços o seu corpo, levaram os seus restos mortais para um lugar chamado Cinaron, onde os queimaram.”

Clístenes

● A democracia (δημοκρατία, poder do povo) foi concebida na Grécia clássica como um sistema de governo onde os cidadãos exerciam directamente o poder e não através de representantes. A primeira democracia do mundo foi estabelecida em Atenas em 508 a.C. sob a liderança de Clístenes, como um sistema directo e participativo, no qual era o colectivo de cidadãos (Eclésia) que votava na legislação e contas públicas, enquanto que os que eram escolhidos para o exercício de cargos faziam-no de forma colectiva. Esta selecção era feita por sorteio, não por eleição, para não favorecer os ricos, nobres, famosos, com escolarização , eloquentes ou bem parecidos. De facto, o sorteio era olhado como o meio mais democrático de impedir a compra corrupta de votos e dar aos cidadãos uma forma única de igualdade política. Dessa maneira, eram maior o envolvimento dos cidadãos na política, governando e sendo por sua vez governados, como escreveu Aristóteles. Como excepção à regra havia a eleição (não por sorteio) de dez generais – devido à sua experiência necessária em questões políticas e de guerra – e também daqueles que, provenientes das classes mais altas, lidavam com grandes somas de dinheiro: qualquer desfalque poderia ser recuperado de suas propriedades. O desprezo que os primeiros democratas sentem pelos que pensam apenas em privado nos seus assuntos é evidenciado pela palavra idiota, do grego ἰδιώτης – pessoa que não participa activamente na política. Péricles declara que nós não dizemos que um homem que não se interesse de todo por política é um homem que se mete apenas nos seus próprios assuntos; dizemos é que ele não tem aqui assuntos nenhuns a tratar. ● Péricles (c. 495-429 a.C.): estadista proeminente e influente, orador e general (estratega) entre as guerras persas e peloponense, cujo nome está ligado à Era de Ouro de Atenas; promove as artes e a literatura e estimula a evolução da democracia ateniense; num excerto da sua Oração Fúnebre, registada por Tucídedes (História da Guerra do Peloponeso), diz: A nossa politeia não copia as leis dos Estados vizinhos; somos nós que servimos mais como um modelo para os outros do que somos imitadores. Chama-se democracia, porque não são os poucos mas os muitos que governam. Se consultarmos nossas leis, elas prescrevem uma justiça igual para todos a despeito de suas diferenças individuais.

Oração Fúnebre de Péricles, de Philipp Foltz (1852)

23. Um início

– Hélia Correia / Amélia Muge
• Arranjo: António José Martins, Filipe Raposo

De que armas disporemos, se não destas
Que estão dentro do corpo: o pensamento,
A ideia de polis, resgatada
De um grande abuso, uma noção de casa
E de hospitalidade e de barulho
Atrás do qual vem o poema, atrás
Do qual virá a colecção dos feitos
E defeitos humanos, um início.

• Canto: A. Muge / Coro: Maria Monda • Contrabaixo: António Quintino / Ney: Harris Lambrakis
Percussão: José Salgueiro / Piano: F. Raposo / Violino, viola: Kyriakos Gouventas
Violoncelo: Catarina Anacleto

● Pólis, quer dizer, literalmente, cidade em grego, mas referindo-se mais ao conjunto dos cidadãos do que à área geográfica que ocupa; também pode significar cidadania. O termo helénico que se refere especificamente à totalidade dos espaços e edifícios urbanos é ἄστυ (ásty). Antes da Batalha de Salamina p.ex., os persas conseguiram ocupar a ásty de Atenas, mas não a pólis, porque os cidadãos embarcaram nos barcos da frota ateniense e partiram. Na historiografia moderna, usa-se o termo pólis para indicar uma cidade-estado grega, embora o termo seja inadequado. As poleis gregas não eram como as cidades-estado fenícias que eram governadas por um rei ou uma pequena oligarquia, sendo os seus habitantes meros súbditos. Assim, o termo pólis acabou por significar estado; derivado de pólis, politeia (πολιτεία) em helénico significa cidade, mas indicando também todos os procedimentos relativos à pólis o que, por extensão, poderia significar tanto cidade-estado como república, administração, governo, governação, comunidade, colectividade; já politeuma significa regime; para não mencionar a etimologia de política…

A Biblioteca de Alexandria durante o seu apogeu

>> ARCHiPELAGOS • IX. JÁ SE DÃO AS VOLTAS TODAS

<< ARCHiPELAGOS • VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS

ARCHiPELAGOS • VIII. IN TIMES OF INDIGENCE

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2017/11/08

Posted in: ARCHiPELAGOS. Tagged: Abkhazia, Age of Pericles, Agora, Alexander the Great, Alexandria, Amélia Muge, António José Martins, António Quintino, Antigone, Antistrophe, Apollonius of Rhodes, Archimedes, Argo, Argonautica, Argonauts, Argus, Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, Atheism, Athenian democracy, Battle of Salamis, Black Sea, Bullroarer, Caesareum of Alexandria, Camões Prize, Catarina Anacleto, Charles William Mitchell, Church Fathers, Circe, Circe Invidiosa, Classical music, Classical period, Cleisthenes, Colchis, Ctesibius, Cybele, Cyril of Alexandria, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Democracy, Dimitris Mystakidis, Dindymon, Doctor of the Church, Drum, Edward Gibbon, Epode, Eratosthenes, Euclid, Existence of God, Filipe Raposo, Francesco Jerace, French Revolution, Friedrich Hölderlin, Georgia, Golden Fleece, Greco-Persian Wars, Harris Lambrakis, Hélia Correia, Helen, Hellas, Hellenistic period, Henotheism, Hero of Alexandria, Hipparchus, Homer, Hypatia, Jason, Jean François de Troy, John William Waterhouse, José Manuel David, José Salgueiro, Konstantinos Volanakis, Kosmas Papadopoulos, Kyriakos Gouventas, Library of Alexandria, Lighthouse of Alexandria, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lusophone, Manos Achalinotopoulos, Maria Monda, Medea, Michales Loukovikas, Monolatrism, Monotheism, Musaeum, Napoleon, Nymph, Ode, Odyssey, Oligarchy, Orpheus, Ostracon, Paganism, Pan, Pan flute, Panentheism, Pastoral, Pedro Casaes, Peloponnesian War, Pericles, Pericles' Funeral Oration, Philipp Foltz, Phoenicia, Phrygia, Phrygians, Polis, Politeia, Politics, Rhea, Romantic music, Romanticism, Rui Vaz, Saint, Satyr, Serapeum, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Socrates of Constantinople, Strophe, Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven), Syrinx, Theism, Theodosius, Theophilus of Alexandria, Trojan War. Leave a comment

AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages

VIII. IN TIMES OF INDIGENCE

● Without Gods ● We ● Spell
● The Aegean Islands ● The Ruin of Hellas
● We Talk About Shadows (Democracy)
● A Beginning

/PORTUGUÊS/ ARCHiPELAGOS • VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ • VIII. ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΟΧΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΝΔΕΙΑΣ

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: AMÉLIA MUGE & MICHALES LOUKOVIKAS

Hélia Correia: The Third Misery & Indignation (excerpts)

• Adapted into English by Michales Loukovikas

17. Without Gods

– Hélia Correia / Amélia Muge
• Arranged by A. Muge, António José Martins, Michales Loukovikas

What’s the use, […] what is the purpose
Of a poet in times of such indigence?

[…] without gods, without even
Feeling their absence, we are born,
And unable to remember, draining,
Sucking everything, even that which do not
Serve us as aliment, whatever circulates
In the bowels of the earth, its own lymph,
The one that the Argonauts even saw
Exuding, like blood, from rocks and stones
When everything sang, got injured and wounded.

• Voice: A. Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda, A. Muge • D. Bass: António Quintino
Percussion: José Salgueiro / Violin: Kyriakos Gouventas

Argo, by Konstantinos Volanakis

● Hélia Correia (born 1949): a Portuguese novelist, playwright, and poet. She reinterpreted Hellenic myths from the point of view of female heroines, such as Antigone, Helen, and Medea. The sequence In Times of Indigence is mainly based on her acclaimed poem A Terceira Miséria (2012), a tribute to Greece, following in Friedrich Hölderlin’s footsteps. She was awarded the Camões Prize, the most prestigious literary distinction in the Lusophone world, which she dedicated to Hellas, where poetry comes from, without which we would be nothing and have nothing, as she said, concluding her speech with the exclamation Long live Greece! Therefore it’s a double pity that no one is interested in publishing The Third Misery in Greece. Well, this is a fourth misery on our part! ● Argonauts: heroes in Hellenic mythology who, in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BCE, accompanied Jason to Colchis, on the Black Sea coast, in present-day Abkhazia and western Georgia, in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. The term comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. Thus Argonauts literally means Argo sailors. ● While sailing by eastern Phrygia, they encountered stormy weather and, advised by a prophet, they climbed Mount Dindymon, sacred to the mountain mother, Cybele, whom the Hellenes identified with Rhea. There they offered sacrifices to the Dindymene mother and, commanded by Orpheus, they danced in full armour and clashed with their swords on their shields… Hence from that time forward the Phrygians propitiate Rhea with the rhombus and the drum. And the goddess responded: the trees shed fruit, the earth put forth flowers, and wild animals came up wagging their tails. And she caused yet another marvel; for hitherto there was no flow of water on Dindymon, but then an unceasing stream gushed forth from the peak, and the dwellers around called that stream Spring of Jason. And then they made a feast in honour of the goddess on the Mount of Bears, singing the praises of Rhea most venerable; at dawn the winds had ceased and they rowed away from the island. (Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica)

18. We

– Hélia Correia / Michales Loukovikas
• Arranged by M. Loukovikas

We, the abandoned ones, those who do not
Even perceive in what way to placate
And whom,
We, the dumbfounded,
Fraternized with all the landless, we,
The destined for a bleak starvation,
Barbarians with our feet in the black tar,
Heavy drinkers of petroleum, how can it be that

Once more the square,
The Agora, unites us?

• Voice: Amélia Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda, A. Muge • D. Bass: António Quintino
Guitar: Dimitris Mystakidis / Percussion: José Salgueiro / Piano: Filipe Raposo

● Agora: a central spot in ancient Hellenic poleis. Literally it means gathering place, assembly. The agora was the centre of political, artistic, spiritual and athletic life of the city. Later, it also served as an economic centre, as a marketplace, where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods. This attracted artisans who built workshops nearby. From this twin function of the agora as a political and commercial space came the two Greek verbs ἀγορεύω, agoreúō, I speak in public and ἀγοράζω, agorázō, I shop, I buy.

An imaginary depiction of the Agora of ancient Athens at the time of Pericles

19. Spell

– Hélia Correia / Amélia Muge
• Arranged by António José Martins, Filipe Raposo

All those – not in existence
Those who have left us terrified, alone,
With no proper tools and devices,
Without thinking,
Without these temperamental gods
Who liked to take sides during the battles.

Being transformed into pigs, by a spell,
Due to malevolence,
Oh, yes, exactly
Just like in the Odyssey,
We do not know
– and the Greeks cannot remember –
What can we do so as to
Break the spell?

Circe Invidiosa, by John William Waterhouse

Experiments
– Amélia Muge

The ear of a pig
Plus a cat’s paw
The eye of a mouse
A crooked branch
Half of the beak of a skylark

Rosemary dried
A pomegranate
A lame’s nail
The leg of a frog
Grandma’s tongue,
preferably twisted

A drop of spit
A cactus peak
And a fish scale
A pussy’s fur
Wings of a fly bound in a bundle

An arm and a leg
A rubber check
A coin with a hole
The belch of a banker
An entire year’s sweat

• Voice, vocal effects, recitation: A. Muge
• Percussion: José Salgueiro, A.J. Martins
Synthesizers: F. Raposo

● Odyssey: see Homer in ARCHiPELAGOS • VII. IMAGINARY ISLANDS.

●

20. The Aegean Islands

– Hélia Correia / Manos Achalinotópoulos, Amélia Muge
– A free improvisation
by Harris Lambrakis, M. Achalinotópoulos, A. Muge, Kyriakos Gouventas
• Arranged by Michales Loukovikas

[…] Only later […]
He who did not know how to be docile […]
Became conscious of the howl that was emitted
From all the islands, with their shorelines
And their deserted forests. […]

[…] Yes, that was
The initial misery, the desertion of
The gods. The second one, their death,
That on Pan’s death was announced
With the lament of the forests, the mournful
Clamour of the Aegean Islands. […]

What’s the use, […] what is the purpose
Of a poet in times of such indigence?

• Recitation: H. Correia / Voice: A. Muge / Vocal impros: M. Achalinotópoulos, A. Muge
• Instrumental impros: H. Lambrakis, ney; M. Achalinotópoulos, clarino; K. Gouventas, violin
Drones: K. Gouventas, viola; António Quintino, d. bass; Catarina Anacleto, cello

Pan and Syrinx, by Jean François de Troy.

● Aegean Islands: see ARCHiPELAGOS • I. THE ARCHIPELAGO REVISITED. ● Pan: the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, mountains, and pastoral music, connected to fertility and spring. He had the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, just like a satyr. The Greeks also considered him to be the god of theatrical criticism. His name originates from the Greek verb πάειν, páein (to pasture); the word panic is derived from his name, due to the sudden fear the people felt in the mountains hearing strange animal sounds. Syrinx, a nymph known for her chastity, was also panicked when she was chased after by Pan. In order to escape, she was transformed into hollow water reeds that made a haunting sound when the god’s frustrated breath blew across them. He cut the reeds to fashion the first set of pan pipes, which are also known as syrinx. Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement in the 18th and 19th centuries, and also in the Neopagan movement of the 20th-century.

●

21. The Ruin of Hellas

– Hélia Correia / Michales Loukovikas
• Arranged by M. Loukovikas

We, the atheists, we, the monotheists,
We, anyone reducing sheer beauty
Down to petty chores, we, the poor but
Well-adorned, the poor but feeling cozy,
Who are always willing to delude ourselves
Amazed while gazing upwards, at the towers,
Supposing that inside we could reside,
Glory of eagles with no eagles there,
We suffer, yes, from the one and same indigence,
From the ruin of Hellas.

● Atheism: the absence of belief in the existence of deities, the rejection of belief that any deities exist. It is contrasted with theism, which is the belief that at least one deity exists. The etymological root for the word originated before the 5th century BCE from the Greek ἄθεος (atheos), meaning without god(s). The actual term atheism emerged in the 16th century. ● Monotheism: the belief in the existence of only one god that created the world, where he interferes and is all-powerful. A distinction may be made between exclusive monotheism, and both inclusive or panentheistic monotheism which, while recognizing various distinct gods, postulate some underlying unity. Monotheism is distinguished from henotheism, a religious system in which the believer worships one god without denying that others may worship different gods with equal validity, and monolatrism, the recognition of the existence of many gods but with the consistent worship of only one deity.

• Voice: Amélia Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda, A. Muge • Clarino: Manos Achalinotópoulos
D. Bass: António Quintino / Guitar: Dimitris Mystakidis / Ney: Harris Lambrakis
Percussion: José Salgueiro / Piano: Filipe Raposo / Violin: Kyriakos Gouventas

22. We Talk About Shadows (Democracy)

– Hélia Correia / Ludwig van Beethoven
• Adapted/Arranged by Michales Loukovikas

The Third Symphony (Eroica), Second Movement, first part
Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce (1804)

Yes, we talk about shadows. Thinking twice,
We did burn every thing: Alexandria,
The sages and the women, […]
The noble heart. We have on our shoulders
The apparatus of the destroyers, […]:
That kind of arrogance
Out of which the Occident has been lost.

The third misery is this one, […].
That of those who just don’t listen nor ask questions.
[…] don’t remember. And, contrary
To the exalted Pericles, they turn to
Be one with […] those who surrender,
Those who shall mix themselves like a liquid
Within a liquid mass, the form is lost,
The statue is turned into dust.

All the squares
Seem like agoras of yore, astounded
By the concentration of organisms,
By the use of the word, the passionate
And fervent word of democracy […]

Monument to Beethoven, by Francesco Jerace (1895)

• Voice: Amélia Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda, A. Muge, Rui Vaz, José Manuel David, Pedro Casaes
• Cello: Catarina Anacleto / Clarinet: Kosmás Papadópoulos / D. Bass: António Quintino
Ney: Harris Lambrakis / Percussion: José Salgueiro / Piano: Filipe Raposo
Violin, Viola: Kyriakos Gouventas

● Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827): a German composer and pianist, a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music. He remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. ● His Third Symphony, a large-scale composition completed in early 1804, is one of his most celebrated works. Initially he dedicated it to (Napoleon) Buonaparte (its original title), who he believed embodied the democratic and anti-monarchical ideals of the French Revolution. He tore off the dedication when he learned that Napoleon had declared himself Emperor. The score was published in 1806 under the Italian title Sinfonia Eroica, composta per festeggiare il sovvenire di un grande Uomo (Heroic Symphony, composed to celebrate the memory of a great Man). When informed of Napoleon’s death (1821), Beethoven said, I wrote the music for this sad event 17 years ago, referring to the second movement, Marcia funebre, funeral march; Adagio assai, very slow; Sotto voce, low voice: intentionally lowering the volume of one’s voice for emphasis, giving the impression of uttering a truth which may surprise, shock, or offend. In music, it is a dramatic lowering of the volume, vocal or instrumental – not necessarily pianissimo, but definitely a hushed tonal quality.

Hypatia, by Charles William Mitchell (1885)

● Alexandria: founded circa 331 BCE by Alexander the Great, it became an important centre of the Hellenistic civilization. It was famous for its Lighthouse (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and its Great Library, the largest in antiquity, which was burned repeatedly by Romans, Byzantines, and Arabs. Its demise has become a symbol of knowledge and culture destroyed. It was part of a larger research institution, the Musaeum, where many of the most famous thinkers of the ancient world studied: Archimedes, Aristarchus, Ctesibius, Eratosthenes, Euclid, Hero, Hipparchus… Most of the books were kept as papyrus scrolls. Estimates range from 40,000 to 400,000 scrolls at its height. After the main library was destroyed, scholars used a daughter library in a temple, the Serapeum, located in another part of the city. ● In 391 CE the Serapeum and the remnants of the Great Library were looted and burned by army troops and Christian fanatics, at the decrees of the Emperor Theodosius and Pope Theophilus. In The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon described Theophilus as the perpetual enemy of peace and virtue, a bold, bad man, whose hands were alternately polluted with gold and with blood. ● The Great Terror in Alexandria climaxed in 415 with the brutal murder of the philosopher, mathematician and astronomer Hypatia, instigated by Cyril, Theophilus’ nephew and successor, counted among the Church Fathers and Doctors of the Church, and canonized as a Saint! In his Historia Ecclesiastica, Socrates of Constantinople, a contemporary Christian historiographer, testified that Cyril agitated a mob of 500 fanatic monks possessed “by a fierce and bigoted zeal [… They] waylaid [Hypatia] returning home and, dragging her from her carriage, they took her to the church called Caesareum [Cyril’s headquarters], where they completely stripped her, and then murdered her with ostraka [potsherds]. After tearing her body in pieces, they took her mangled limbs to a place called Cinaron, and there burnt them.”

Cleisthenes

● Democracy (δημοκρατία, rule of the people) was conceived in classical Greece as a system of government where the citizens exercised power directly, not through representatives. The first democracy in the world was established in Athens in 508 BCE under Cleisthenes as a direct, participatory system, in which the citizens voted themselves on legislation and executive bills, while those selected for office served collectively. The selection was done mostly by lot, not election, because the latter favours the rich, noble, famous, educated, eloquent, and handsome. Allotment was regarded as the most democratic means to prevent the corrupt purchase of votes and give citizens a unique form of political equality. In this way more and more citizens were engaged in politics, ruling and being ruled in turn, as Aristotle wrote. Elected rather than chosen by lot (therefore coming from the higher classes) were the ten generals, due to their necessary expertise in matters of politics and war, and also those who handled large sums of money: any embezzlement could be recovered from their estates. The contempt the first democrats felt for those who did not participate in politics is obvious in the word idiot, from the Greek ἰδιώτης, i.e. a private person, someone who is not actively participating in politics. We do not say that a man who takes no interest in politics is a man who minds his own business, Pericles declared; we say that he has no business here at all. ● Pericles (c. 495 – 429 BCE): a prominent, influential statesman, orator and general, between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars, whose name is connected with the Golden Age of Athens.

Pericles’ Funeral Oration, by Philipp Foltz (1852)

23. A Beginning

– Hélia Correia / Amélia Muge
• Arranged by António José Martins, Filipe Raposo

What are the arms at our disposal, if not these
We find inside the body: our own thinking,
The idea of polis, but redeemed
From a great abuse, the very notion of home and
Of hospitality, too, and of commotion
From which we see the rise of the poem, from which
We’ll see the rise of the collection of our deeds
And misdeeds as humans, a beginning.

• Voice: A. Muge / Vocals: Maria Monda • Cello: Catarina Anacleto / D. Bass: António Quintino
Ney: Harris Lambrakis / Percussion: José Salgueiro / Piano: F. Raposo / Violin, Viola: Kyriakos Gouventas

● Polis literally means city in Greek, but referring mainly to the body of its citizens rather than its area; it can also mean citizenship. The Hellenic term that specifically means the totality of urban buildings and spaces is ἄστυ (ásty). Before the Battle of Salamis e.g., the Persians managed to occupy the ásty of Athens, but not the polis, as the citizens boarded the ships of the Athenian fleet and left. In modern historiography, polis is used to indicate a Greek city-state, though this term is inadequate. The Greek poleis were not like the Phoenician city-states, which were ruled by a king or a small oligarchy, with their inhabitants being mere subjects. Thus the term polis came to signify state: politeia in Hellenic means city, but also state, republic, polity, government, governance, etc. while politeuma means regime. Not to mention politics…

●

The Library of Alexandria during its heyday, its acme

>> ARCHiPELAGOS • IX. NOSTALGIA AND NOSTOS

<< ARCHiPELAGOS • VII. IMAGINARY ISLANDS

Chronicle 14. MUSIC MADE OF BODY AND SOUL

Posted by michales loukovikas on 2015/07/23

Posted in: MEDITERRANEAN periplus. Tagged: A cappella, Abstract art, Achilles, Acoustic resonance, Aeon, Algeria, Altered state of consciousness, Anastenária, Anatolia, Anatomy, Ancient Greek phonology, Aristides Quintilianus, Aristotle, Aristoxenus, Artemis, Asia Minor, Attis, Aulos, Australopithecus, Bacchae, Bacchante, Bach family, Balkans, Barcelona, Biomusicology, Bird song, Blacks, Brassempouy, Byzantium, Cadence, California, Call and response, Catharsis, Cave painting, Cerebral cortex, Charles Darwin, Chinese, Chiron, Circle dance, Cithara, Civilization, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Communication, Conceptual art, Consciousness, Consonance, Constantinos Constantinides, Constantinos Romeos, Culture, Cybele, Cymbal, Dance, Davul, Delphi, Demetris Thémeles, Denise Jourdan-Hemmerdinger, Despina Paisidou-Lazaridou, Dionysius, Dionysus, Divination, Divje Babe Flute, DNA, Dynamic accent, Ecstasy, Edutainment, Electronic music, Ellen Dissanayake, Entertainment, Equal temperament, Eskimo, Ethiopia, Ethnology, Ethnomusicology, Ethos, Euripides, Evolution, Evolutionarily stable strategy, Evolutionary musicology, Federico García Lorca, Firewalking, Gaia, Gene, Genus, George Richmond, Gibbon, Greek tragedy, Gustave Doré, Gypsies, Haiti, Halicarnassus, Healing, Helios, Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation, Hematology, Herculaneum, Hesperus, Holism, Hominids, Hominini, Homo, Homo erectus, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens, Hugo Riemann, Iannes Loukovikas, Iégor Reznikoff, Ice Age, Iconography, Imitation of sounds, India, Indochina, Institut Marquès, Interval, Italy, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Gottfried Herder, Katy Vlachou, Korybantes, Kostis Palamas, Language, Lascaux, Louis Lucas, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lyre, Lyrics, Machiavellianism, Maenad, Magdalenian, Magic, Magna Graecia, Mammoth, Manuel de Falla, Marc Chagall, Medical anthropology, Melody, Methexis, Metre, Michales Loukovikas, Mode, Modern Greek, Monotheism, Mother Goddess, Music, Music psychology, Music therapy, Musical note, Musicology, Mysticism, National Geographic, Native Americans, Neanderthal, Nestinarstvo, Neural network, Neuroscience, Neuroscience of music, Onomatopoeia, Orpheus, Orphism, Palaeoarchaeology, Pantelés Kavakópoulos, Pantelés Kranidiotes, Parabiago plate, Phosphorus, Phrygia, Physical constant, Piano, Pitch, Pitch accent, Plato, Platonism, Plutarch, Polydoros Papachristodoulou, Pompeii, Poseidon, Primate, Prosody, Pythagorean tuning, Pythagoreanism, Raphael, Rattle, Reading, Religion, Repetition, Rhea, Rhythm, Ritual, Romani, Sahara, Satyr, Seattle, Selene, Semantics, Senegal, Sexual selection, Shamanism, Siberia, Sibyl, Slovenia, Socrates, Song, Sound mimesis, Speech, Steven Mithen, Strabo, Stress, Symphony, Syntax, Tabula rasa, Tanzania, Tarantella, Taranto, Tarantula, The Descent of Man, The Origin of Species, Theotokos, Thetis, Thrace, Tonality, Tone, Trance, Transformation, Tympanum, Venus of Brassempouy, Venus of Willendorf, Violin, Vowel length, Washington, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Willendorf, Zoomusicology. Leave a comment

Chronicle 14. MUSIC MADE OF BODY AND SOUL

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Χρονικό 14. ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ ΨΥΧῌ ΤΕ ΚΑΙ ΣΩΜΑΤΙ

27000-BC_Venus-of-Brassempouy-fragment de statuette en ivoire de mammouth-la plus ancienne représentation d'un visage humain

Venus of Brassempouy: mammoth ivory figurine, one of the oldest human face representations (23.000 BCE)

● Man: a Musical Being ● Nature, Music
and Language ● Singing Neanderthals ●
Baby Talk ● Talent ● Art of Soul vs. Art of
Beauty ● Ecstasy and Catharsis ● Ritual
Music and Dance ● Ethos of Music

Michales Loukovikas

“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but
the one most responsive to change”.
(Charles Darwin)

MAN IS BY NATURE A MUSICAL BEING; meaning that song, i.e. music and lyrics combined, together with movement, or dance, has always been a fundamental human characteristic, serving his various needs. Besides, music, speech, and dance, a “Holy Trinity” according to the poet Kostēs Palamās, show how close the relationship between sound, body and soul is.

Music, speech, dance: a “Holy Trinity” (Kōstēs Palamās)

Quite strange is that the ancients, even the primitives, felt the impact of musical sound onto their bodies much more intensely than modern humans. Obviously, Christianism and Occidental mentality are largely responsible for the enormous degradation of our senses. Thus experts of many disciplines are now required to work together in order to fully comprehend this subject in depth

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