ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

ARCHiPELAGOS | Passages (Chronicle)

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ | Δίαυλοι (Χρονικό)
/PORTUGUÊS/ ARCHiPELAGOS | Passagens (Crónica)

Over the Aegean islands | – come out and see! –
angels are flapping their wings | scattering roses…

Michales Loukovikas

I. REVISITANDO O ARQUIPÉLAGO | THE ARCHIPELAGO REVISITED
1. O arquipélago | The Archipelago
(a. Is Ionia in Bloom? / b. Where Is Athens?)
2. Κατολοφύρομαι (Katolophýromae) | I’m Wailing in Lament (Orestes)

Hélia Correia is in our hearts; she’s also in the heart of our Archipelagos! Our longest sequence is mainly based on her long poem, The Third Misery, which she begins citing Friedrich Hölderlin. We followed in her steps and chose to have as a starting point his poem, The Archipelago. Then, during a trip up north, Amélia Muge convinced her old mother, Maria José, to recite with her some parts of the poem, and José Martins was there to record them. Good material to begin with… Now that I’m thinking about it, I feel it was a pity that Amélia’s daughter, Cristiana, did not take part, as well: we would have three generations reciting together!

The Archipelago, as Hölderlin reminded us, was originally the Aegean Sea and its islands. Therefore we had to start with Aegean music. I think we could find no better melody as an introduction than the beautiful traditional song whose first stanza you can read above. Yet, we felt that some Portuguese flavour was needed. So, next to Kyriakos Gouventas’ violin, we added the guitarra of Ricardo Parreira. Excellent combination!

Then we had to solve the problem of the sea. Initially, I added sea sounds (waves, seagulls, etc.) but Amélia objected: Too realistic, she said. And then she had an excellent idea: What about voices instead of waves? José and me replied in chorus: Yes! That’s it! Well, these choral waves, designed by José, and sung by Maria Monda (Sofia, Susana, Tânia), Cramol and Teresa Campos, made me feel they’re not only sea waves, but also those angels flying over the Aegean, scattering roses…

That was the first, bright, rosy part of the poem (Is Ionia in Bloom?). In the second part, the dark, gloomy one (Where Is Athens?), I rearranged an old composition of mine (from The Gold in the Sky, on poetry by Ares Alexandrou) to pave the way to Euripides and Orestes, his tragedy. The stasimon Katolophýromae, introduced by Harris Lambrakis on the ney and recorder, is performed in ancient Greek by a chorus composed by Amélia, Andreas Karakotas, Manos Achalinotópoulos, and me as the coryphaeus. (We write about Euripides and Orestes in our Archipaedia, in the eBook accompanying the CD).⁽¹⁾

Euripides’ Orestes: “Katolophyromae” Stasimon (Vienna Papyrus G 2315)

• ⁽¹⁾ Euripides (c. 480 – 406 BCE): the youngest of the three great tragedians of classical Athens, after Aeschylus and Sophocles. ● Katolophýromae: a notated but mutilated passage of the music from the tragedy Orestes (the antistrophe of the first stasimon, lines 338-344), found on a papyrus from Hermopolis, Egypt, in the collection of Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria, and published in 1892. The Vienna Papyrus G 2315 dates to the 3rd century BCE. Thus the question whether the fragment represents the original music Euripides composed is still open. There is, however, some evidence that the melody recorded there must have been composed much earlier: the tragedian has been famous for his innovative spirit, and the fragment accords with what we know about the complexity of his style. If the Hellenistic era musicians and musicologists imitated and reproduced the classical works of music the same way librarians and grammarians did for literature, this would be another argument in favour of the authenticity. ● According to Plutarch (Parallel Lives, in Nicias and Lysander), it was the music of Euripides (not that of Aeschylus, Sophocles, or Aristophanes) that saved many Athenians, and Athens itself, during the Peloponnesian War. After the disastrous for the Athenians Sicilian expedition (415 – 413 BCE), many of them held captives saved their lives because they could sing Euripides; his avant-garde songs were much loved by all Hellenes – except perhaps Aristophanes! And in 404 BCE, after Athens’ defeat, the victorious Spartan generals had a meeting to decide the fate of the polis. They concluded that it should be demolished and its citizens enslaved. Then, during the victory celebrations, someone sang an ode from Euripides’ Electra. The generals were so much moved that they changed their minds: They felt it would be a barbarous act to annihilate a city where such men were born… These episodes support the arguments in favour of the authenticity: it would be natural to copy compositions with such an enormous appeal, such as Katolophýromae. ● In our approach, we have chosen to: a) repeat the surviving notes in the corresponding missing musical phrases, instead of filling up the gaps with our own inventions; b) present not only the antistrophe, but also the strophe; and c) balance ourselves between monophony and polyphony, hoping that Euripides would smile and applaud approvingly, despite the brickbats thrown by Aristophanes, Plato, and the Spartan ephori!

1. Friedrich Hölderlin (Der Archipelagus, 1800-1801, excerpts, adapted into Portuguese by Amélia Muge) | a. Aegean traditional / b. Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins
2. Euripides (Orestes, 408 BCE, fragments) | Adapted-arranged by M. Loukovikas

II. CANTOS DA ARGILA | SONGS OF CLAY
3. Embalar meninos, acordar adultos | Lullabying Children, Waking Up Adults
11. Μάγισσα Θάλασσα (Νέοι Λαοί τής θάλασσας) | Sorceress Sea (New Sea Peoples)

Hurrian hymn to Nikkal, Ugarit (13th century BCE)

Entering a time/space ship, we voyaged a millennium back, from Athens in 408 BCE to Ugarit, Syria, ca. 1400, listening to a Hurrian hymn.⁽²⁾ To tell you the truth, after Euripides, I was not so much fascinated; but Amélia was amazed, struck by its similarity to a Portuguese anti-fascist hymn: José Gomes Ferreira and Fernando Lopes-Graça’s Acordai! (Wake Up!). My oriental heart, on the other hand, was moved by some renditions of the Hurrian hymn in the chromatic genus. The problem was that these renditions moved away from Acordai. That’s why we decided to have the hymn in two variations, as a diatonic lullaby close to Acordai, and as a diatonic-chromatic lament about the refugees’ tragedy.

• ⁽²⁾ Hurrian songs: Dating to ca. 1400 BCE, a hymn to goddess Nikkal is the oldest surviving substantially complete work of notated music in the world (preceding by almost 1.5 millennia the oldest extant complete notated song dating to ca. 200 BCE – 200 CE, the Seikilos Epitaph, which is performed in our previous work, Periplus, sung by Hélia Correia). The hymn is among a collection of 36 songs inscribed in cuneiform on clay tablets, excavated at Ugarit, a port city in northern Syria, burned to the ground circa 1190 BCE by the Sea Peoples, a purported seafaring coalition of invaders, originating from western Asia Minor and southern Europe, and contributing to the Bronze Age collapse. The Hurrians were a Bronze Age people of northern Mesopotamia and eastern Anatolia. While some composers’ names are known, this hymn is anonymous, and its transcription remains controversial: there are at least five rival decipherments, each yielding entirely different results. The Hurrian lyrics are at the top of the tablet; below is the Akkadian (Mesopotamian) notation for a song accompanied by a nine-string sammûm, a type of lyre, or harp (other tablets contain instructions for tuning the harp). The text is difficult to grasp, since the Hurrian language is not well understood; in addition, it seems it is a local Ugaritic idiom, differing from other known dialects. ● There is a striking resemblance of the most credible rendering of the hymn’s melody to the emblematic Portuguese song Acordai! composed by Lopes-Graça before the tablet was found. Although the Akkadian notation refers to a heptatonic diatonic scale, there have been alternative variations in the chromatic genus. Lullabying Children, Waking Up Adults brings to the fore this resemblance to Acordai!, while Sorceress Sea combines a) the diatonic and chromatic genera, and b) the most credible interpretation with a disputed decipherment that is adapted as an intro and bridge.

I was so shocked when I saw by the seaside the body of an infant who drowned while his family tried to pass from Turkey to Greece. My lyrics begin with a phrase I heard from another refugee in Morocco, who could not cross the Strait to Spain: Every time I turn and see the sea, tears start falling down… My friend Andreas interpreted the song so well tele-directed by me: I was in Lisbon, he was in Salonica! Ana Dias with her harp created the proper background here, as well as in Utopia.

3. Amélia Muge, & José Gomes Ferreira (excerpt from Acordai!) | Ancient Hurrian hymn (fragment), & Fernando Lopes-Graça (excerpt from Acordai!) | Adapted by A. Muge, arranged by A. J. Martins
11. Michales Loukovikas | Ancient Hurrian hymn (fragment) | Adapted-arranged by M. Loukovikas

III. MACARONÉSIA | MACARONESIA (Macárōn Nẽsoe: Fortunate Isles)
4. Ali no meio do mar | Out There Amid the Sea
5. Dança do trigo | Wheat Dance
6. Um gingado lamento | Swinging Lament

Cesária Évora, by Sersun

Macaronesia consists of four archipelagos in the North Atlantic: the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), the Canaries (Spain), and Cape Verde. The name is derived from the Hellenic term Μακάρων Νῆσοι (Macárōn Nẽsoe, or Fortunate Isles, Isles of the Blessed), used by geographers for the Elysian islands to the west of the Pillars of Heracles (Strait of Gibraltar), a winterless earthly paradise, which according to Hesiod were the Elysian Fields, inhabited by heroes. Strabo identified them with the isles of the Hesperides.

Amélia’s Swinging Lament, dedicated to Cesária Évora, has this magic touch: I’ve loved it since the first time I listened to it. As the finale of a Macaronesian saga, it’s even better! Featured in this sequence are Maria Monda and me in the vocals, and Amélia in the lead voice – together with Rita Maria who sings the Spanish part of the Wheat Dance.

4. Traditionals of the Canaries & the Azores, Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J . Martins, A. Muge
5. Traditional of the Canaries, Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, A. Muge
6. Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. J. Martins

IV. PENAS DE AMOR O QUE SÃO? | WHAT IS TO SUFFER FROM LOVE?
7. A tentação | Temptation
8. Δέδυκε ἀ σελάννα / Lua desceu, mergulhou | The Moon Has Set Down
(a. The Moon Has Set Down / b. Meanings Are Divided / c. Eros)

Sappho of Eresos, Roman copy of a 5th-century-BCE Greek original

Temptation, written by Hélia, is for me one of Amélia’s best songs. I told her many times it’s a pity it’s not in one of her own albums. So, here it is! And in a good company: that of Sappho’s.⁽³⁾

• ⁽³⁾ Sappho (or Psappha in her native Aeolic dialect of Lesbos, c. 630 – c. 570 BCE): the greatest lyric poet of archaic Greece who was often referred to as the Poetess, just as Homer was called the Poet, while Plato hailed her as the tenth Muse. Although her poetry was well-known and greatly admired in antiquity, most of it survives only in fragments, mainly because the Christian Church disapproved of her morals and the ecclesiastical authorities loved to burn her anthologies.

Cornelius Castoriadis (1922 – 1997), Notes on Some Poetic Resources (unpublished, excerpts): Dedyke, from the verb dyō, means has plunged. In Greece, with its 200 inhabited islands and around 15,000 kilometers of coastline, the sun, moon, and stars do not go down; they plunge. Selanna is the moon, of course. But for a Greek, selanna immediately suggests selas [aurora], light. When Sappho is speaking, it is midnight, the moon and the Pleiades have already plunged. This indication would almost suffice to date the writing of the poem. It is springtime – and actually early springtime – for that is when the Pleiades set before midnight. Effortlessly, we see the night sky revolving, the moon and the Pleiades already set, and this woman, perhaps in love with someone who is not there, or perhaps not in love but full of desires in any case, and who, in the middle of the night, unable to fall asleep, tells of her sadness at being alone in her bed. Sappho has lain down, and the ōra passes. What is ōra [hōra in other Greek dialects]? The translator naturally renders hōra as hour, derived from that Greek root, via Latin. But hōra in Greek also means season, already so in Homer, and this sense persists through Alexandrian and Byzantine times. Ηōra is also the time when a thing is at its hour, when it is truly fine and lovely; therefore, for human beings, it is the acme of youth. What, then, does Sappho say? The Moon and the Pleiades | have plunged, it is the middle | of the night; season, hour, youth go away | and I lay in bed alone. The force of the poem peaks precisely in that word, ōra, which conjoins several meanings. It is springtime – the season of lovers – hours going by and Sappho’s youth is wasting away in vain since she has no one in her bed…

Thanks to Amélia, who had the idea about her, I searched a lot, reading Sapphic poetry, and combined three fragments to compose: The Moon Has Set Down, Meanings Are Divided, Eros. Moreover, I convinced Amélia she can also sing in ancient Hellenic (something that she described as… jumping into the abyss)! Featured here in the choir are Rita Maria, Catarina Anacleto and Maria Monda.

7. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
8. Sappho (in ancient Greek, and in Portuguese adapted by Amélia Muge) | Michales Loukovikas | Adapted-arranged by M. Loukovikas

V. CANSAÇO DE SER | WEARINESS OF BEING
9. Sono de ser | Slumber of Being
10. The Hours

Fernando Pessoa, by Nuvem

This is Fernando Pessoa’s sequence.⁽⁴⁾ Slumber of Being is another of my favourite songs. Amélia’s singing here is one of those rare moments; she’s accompanied excellently by Filipe Raposo.

• ⁽⁴⁾ Pessoa (1888 – 1935), one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language, also wrote in, and translated from, English and French. He was a prolific writer, not only under his own name, for he dreamed up dozens of others. He did not call them pseudonyms, as he felt that did not capture their independent intellectual life, and instead called them heteronyms. These imaginary figures sometimes held unpopular or extreme views.

The Hours, one of Pessoa’s English poems, stands out, as well. I composed it for Sofia Vitória’s Echoes. I’m happy it was left out, so we can have it here with my… heavy metal arrangement and Kostas Hanís’ vibraphone!

9. Fernando Pessoa | Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
10. Fernando Pessoa (in English) | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

VI. NA TAVERNA DO PORTO | IN A HARBOUR’S TAVERN
12. Versos quaisquer (Pedidos com instância) | Verses Whatever (Insistent Requests)
13. Ο Νικόλας ο ψαράς | Nicolas, the Fisherman

That’s the sequence of… fadobetiko (a term coined by Amélia). Her song, à la fado corrido, is based on a satiric poem by João de Deus, one of the greatest Portuguese poets of the 19th century. The intro to the song, played by Kyriakos, has North Balkan flavour, because the poem starts with a reference to Transylvania.

Giorgos Mitsakis (L) and Vasilis Tsitsanis (R)

The tragic Nicolas, the Fisherman combines two of the greatest rebetiko composers: Vasilis Tsitsanis, one of the founders of modern rebetiko, paving the way for great composers such as Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis; and Giorgos Mitsakis, a skillful composer and lyricist, nicknamed the master as a bouzouki player.

With throbbing emotion (I burst out in tears while singing in the studio; Amélia and the sound engineer, Christos Megas, thought I was laughing…), I present the tragic figure of a black-dressed mother who is standing for months by the seaside, waiting for her son, Nicolas, to return to shore, as no one has the courage to tell her he drowned… This song moved the Portuguese, as well. I was told of black-dressed women who are still standing by the seaside gazing at the sea with empty eyes…

12. João de Deus | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A.J. Martins
13. Giorgos Mitsakis | Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

VII. ILHAS IMAGINÁRIAS | IMAGINARY ISLANDS
14. Uma ilha, Utopia | An Island, Utopia
15. Penélope de Ítaca | Penelope of Ithaca
16. Meninos perdidos | Lost Kids

Ulysses among the Phaeacians, by Jean Broc. Odysseus shows his physical arete by winning the discus-throwing contest after being taunted by a Phaeacian athlete. Long before Plato, Homer seems to be the first to describe Utopia, or even Atlantis, which he calls Scheria, the Phaeacians’ land.

Our fascination with imaginary and mythic places. So good that musically it ends up in Thrace, where I was born, with a… legendary zonarádiko dance, sung by Amélia and Maria Monda, and played by Manos and Harris on the clarino (folk clarinet) and ney. But before that, we voyage to the islands of Thomas More’s Utopia (with Amélia also recalling Ares Alexandrou’s empty Mission Box), Odysseus and Penelope’s Ithaca, until, finally, we run aground on J. M. Barrie’s Neverland with Peter Pan, Tinker Bell, and the Lost Kids.

14. Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo | Dedicated to Ares Alexandrou
15. Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo
16. Amélia Muge | Thracian traditional, A. Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, M. Loukovikas

VIII. EM TEMPO DE INDIGÊNCIA | IN TIMES OF INDIGENCE
17. Sem Deuses | Without Gods
18. Nós | We
19. Feitiço (Experimentos) | Spell (Experiments)
20. As ilhas do Egeu | The Aegean Islands
21. A ruína da Grécia | The Ruin of Hellas
22. Falamos de sombras (Democracia) | We Talk About Shadows (Democracy)
23. Um início | A Beginning

Hélia’s sequence based on excerpts from her poems The Third Misery and Indignation (We and Spell are from Indignation; the rest are from The Third Misery). As I have said, she begins citing Hölderlin: What’s the use, what is the purpose of a poet in times of such indigence? She also refers to him several times, especially when she speaks about Athens, as her poem is dedicated to Greece.⁽⁵⁾ I was flattered when I saw the Parthenon on the cover of the book; Amélia was left speechless when she read the poem. We both decided this would be our main sequence.

• ⁽⁵⁾ Hélia Correia (born 1949 in Lisbon) is a novelist, playwright, and poet, who reinterpreted Hellenic myths from the point of view of female heroines, such as Antigone, Helen, and Medea. She was awarded the Camões Prize, the most prestigious literary distinction in the Lusophone world, which she dedicated to Hellas, where poetry comes from, without which we would be nothing and have nothing, as she said, concluding her speech with the exclamation Long live Greece! Therefore it’s a double pity that no one is interested in publishing The Third Misery in Greece. Well, this is a fourth misery on our part!

Hölderlin’s citation in Without Gods is repeated in The Aegean Islands, in a completely different soundscape. Here, after many experiments, I used as a model the introduction to Echo, a composition by Manos, developing it further as a free improvisation. As Manos is in our team, I was able to work on my idea with him. Harris, Amélia and Kyriakos improvised, as well. So good, Hélia recited her own poetry!

We and The Ruin of Hellas are twin songs; Hélia’s poems here are also twins! I remember hearing inside me the melody of the Ruin already from the first time I read We, the atheists, we, the monotheists… Then, changing the rhythm from five beats to six, I rearranged it to the verses of We.

I admit I knew almost nothing about Hölderlin. Trying to learn more in Wikipedia, I saw the card with the basic information: “Born – 20 March…” (Oh, I thought, same day with me!) “… 1770” (Gee, same year with Ludwig!!) At once, I thought of something that was more than crazy: Well, how about it? Third Misery… Third Symphony! Let me see… To tell you the truth, I didn’t expect much. I started humming the Misery to Beethoven’s Marcia funebre, in the Second Movement of his Eroica. I began with the 25th part of the poem, “Yes, we talk about shadows”… as it seemed to me more suitable. I was amazed! But there was more melody. So, now let’s go back and try the 23rd part, “The third misery is this one”… I was even more amazed!! A little more and we finish the first part of the Marcia, I thought. This little more was found in the 32nd part of the Misery: “All the squares seem like agoras of yore”… Most fantastic of all: Ludwig’s melody finished with Hélia’s “fervent word of democracy” – incredible!!! IT’S A MIRACLE!..

I searched for Beethoven’s score. I had adapted by heart the same melody in a previous work of mine (The Gold in the Sky); but this time I wanted to be precise. I meticulously rearranged his score, assigning his melodic lines to other instruments, leaving nothing out. The final crash test came when I presented my loucura to Amélia. As I don’t speak Portuguese, I realized that several words or phrases were out of place, not well adapted with the music. Her help in this matter was crucial. And then it was my turn to convince her that I did not want an operatic voice, I would hate such a voice, and perhaps even Ludwig might not like it – or else, why did he write Sotto voce under the title? I meant to say, I wanted her voice. Done! I’m very proud of the result – even if some purists will moan…

I can say here what I said before about Euripides: I do hope that if Ludwig listened to us, he would smile and applaud approvingly, despite the brickbats thrown by such purists! Featured also here, except Maria Monda, are Rui Vaz, José Manuel David and Pedro Casaes in the vocals, Filipe Raposo on the piano, as well as my friend Kosmás Papadópoulos with his clarinet.

What can anybody compose after such music? I guess Amélia did not even think about it – and she did very well; and presented such a graceful melody for A Beginning, standing next to Ludwig as equal! I consider this composition of hers as the best in our Archipelagos.

17. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. Muge, A. J. Martins, M. Loukovikas
18. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
19. Hélia Correia (A. Muge) | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo
20. Hélia Correia | Manos Achalinotópoulos, Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
A free improvisation by H. Lambrakis, M. Achalanitópoulos, A. Muge, K. Gouventas
21. Hélia Correia | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
22. Hélia Correia | Ludwig van Beethoven (The Third Symphony, Eroica, 1804, Second Movement, first part: Marcia funebre, Adagio assai, Sotto voce) | Adapted-arranged by M. Loukovikas
23. Hélia Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by A. J. Martins, F. Raposo

IX. JÁ SE DÃO AS VOLTAS TODAS | NOSTALGIA AND NOSTOS
24. Νοσταλγία: Το παράπονο του μετανάστη | Nostalgia: A Migrant’s Yearning
25. Nostalgia: Cantar de emigração | Nostalgia: Singing of Emigration
(a. Sodade / b. Run-Run se fue pa’l norte / c. Cantar de emigração / d. A Migrant’s Yearning)
26. Alegria | Jubilation (Alegria)

Rosalía de Castro (L) and Violeta Parra (R)

Our sequence about Migrations and Homecomings. Embracing several ideas of Amélia’s, I combined a rebetiko by Vasilis Tsitsanis (also known with the title Like an outcast I’m drifting about), with Rosalía de Castro and José Niza’s Cantar de emigração, Violeta Parra’s Run-Run se fue pa´l norte, and Armando Soares’ Sodade. Amélia had listened to me singing this rebetiko and sent me an adaptation of hers that reminded me of a fado. This was also included as an instrumental. Moreover, I’m so happy to have here representatives of all four female choirs that Amélia invited for the project De Viva Voz (I was so deeply moved in that concert!): Cramol en masse, Maria Monda, Catarina Moura from Segue-me à Capela, and Teresa from Sopa de Pedra, plus Rita, Rui, David, Pedro, Paló, Mariana Abrunheiro, Amélia and me – starting off in this adventure Like an outcast drifting about…

An Amélia’s adaptation sums up this sequence, where José Saramago’s Alegria coexists with a fine melody by our friend, Giorgos Andreou, who is directing here the Plucked Strings Orchestra of Patras.⁽⁶⁾

José Saramago, by Carlos Botelho

• ⁽⁶⁾ Saramago (1922 – 2010): his work, often allegoric, presents subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the human factor. A libertarian communist and atheist, he defended love as an instrument to improve the human condition. But he was criticized by institutions such as the Catholic Church, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund, with whom he disagreed on various issues. In 1992, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, then Prime Minister of Portugal, ordered the removal of The Gospel According to Jesus Christ from the Aristeion Prize’s competition, claiming it was religiously offensive. Dismayed by this political censorship of his work, Saramago went into exile on the Spanish island of Lanzarote, in the Canaries, where he lived the rest of his life. His vindication came in 1998 when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature despite the hostility of the Church, the EU, the IMF, and the conservative political class of his country.

24. Vasilis Tsitsanis | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
25. a. Armando Soares (adapted by M. Loukovikas) / b. Violeta Parra / c. Rosalía de Castro (adapted into Portuguese by J. Niza) | José Niza / d. Vasilis Tsitsanis (adapted by A. Muge) | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A. Muge
26. José Saramago | Giorgos Andreou | Adapted by A. Muge, A.J. Martins; arranged by G. Andreou

X. O QUE AS ONDAS CONTAM | SEA WAVES TELLING TALES
27. Κύματα μύρια τού πελάγου / Ondas do mar de Vigo | Myriad Waves of the Sea of Vigo)
28. Contas do mar (Bulería de Sines) | Sea Tales of Pearls (Bulería of Sines)

Exuberance, by Penny Warden

Our last sequence begins with another adaptation of Amélia’s, combining a Cantiga de amigo by Martín Codax, with a rebetiko of Smyrna by Panaiotis Tountas, sung in both languages. Working at that time on Tountas’ songs, Women’s Portraits of Rebetiko, “painted” with his excellent Art of Modulation, I used to send copies of my work to Amélia; she thanked me, and wished me well on my birthday, with this beautiful adaptation.

Our finale is a peculiar Bulería I composed in Sines in 2012. We had gone there to arrange for our performance, presenting Periplus in the Festival Músicas do Mundo. We played the Bulería in its initial form in that concert. Since then we have changed the interposed song; what we have now is more suitable for a bulería as it also has a Spanish flavour, and I consider it Pan-Iberian; that’s why I combine Ricardo’s guitarra portuguesa with Thomás Natsis’ guitarra flamenca. It is sung so beautifully by Catarina Moura and Teresa, together with Maria Monda, Amélia and, at last, a children’s choir. As Maria Graciete Besse aptly remarked:

“The disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus designing an itinerary that is projected into the future.”

Enjoy!

27. Martín Codax (also adapted into Greek by Michales Loukovikas) | Panaiotis Tountas | Adapted by A. Muge, arranged by M. Loukovikas
A major medieval Galician minstrel’s Cantiga de amigo combined with a melody by the greatest composer of the rebetiko of Smyrna
28. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas, Portuguese traditional | Arranged by M. Loukovikas, A.Muge

October 2017

● See also: PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (Chronicle) | GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”
| MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS” | MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

ARCHiPELAGOS
Nucleus
Amélia Muge: voice, guitarra braguesa, percussion | Michales Loukovikas: voice, accordion, sound effects
Manos Achalinotópoulos: clarino (folk clarinet), voice | Kyriakos Gouventas: violin, viola (5-string violin) | Harris Lambrakis: ney, recorder (pipes) | Maria Monda trio: Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso | Dimitris Mystakidis: guitar, bouzouki, baglamás, tzourás (the bouzouki family) | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa | António Quintino: double bass | Filipe Raposo: piano, accordion, synthesizers | José Salgueiro: percussion
Guests (pro-bono)
Mariana Abrunheiro: voice | Catarina Anacleto: cello, voice | Niovi Benou: claps | Teresa Campos: voice | Pedro Casaes: voice | José Manuel David: voice | Ana Dias: harp | Kostas Hanís: vibraphone | Andreas Karakotas: voice | António José Martins: music box, percussion | Catarina Moura: voice | Thomás Natsis: flamenco guitar, claps | Paló: voice | Kosmás Papadópoulos: clarinet | Rita Maria: voice | Rui Vaz: voice
Plus
Hélia Correia & Maria José Muge: recitation | Cramol: female vocal group of the Workers’ Library of Oeiras | PSO: Plucked Strings Orchestra ‘Thanasis Thipinakis’ of the Patras Municipality | Children’s Choir, dir. Catarina Anacleto: Santiago Fantasia, Gabriel Leite, Sophia Van Epps, Ana Pita, Marta Semblano, Patrícia Arens Teixeira.
Authors
Manos Achalinotópoulos | Giorgos Andreou | Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827) | Rosalía de Castro (1837 – 1885) | Martín Codax (13th – 14th centuries) | Hélia Correia | João de Deus (1830 – 1896) | Euripides (c. 480 – 406 BCE) | José Gomes Ferreira (1900 – 1985) | Friedrich Hölderlin (1770 – 1843) | Anonymous Hurrian (c. 1400 BCE) | Fernando Lopes-Graça (1904 – 1994) | Michales Loukovikas | Giorgos Mitsakis (1921 – 1993) | Amélia Muge | José Niza (1938 – 2011) | Violeta Parra (1917 – 1967) | Fernando Pessoa (1888 – 1935) | Sappho (c. 630 – 570 BCE) | José Saramago (1922-2010) | Armando Soares (1920 – 2007) | Panaiotis Tountas (1886-1942) | Vasilis Tsitsanis (1915 – 1984)

PERIPLUS | Deambulações luso-gregas (Crónica)

PERIPLUS | Deambulações luso-gregas (Crónica)

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ | Ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις (Χρονικό)
/ENGLISH/ PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (Chronicle)

O Periplus não é um cruzeiro. É uma tentativa de construção de
pontes interculturais e de pesquisar o passado a bem do futuro.
A viagem continua… (Michales Loukovikas)

A. DAS AUSÊNCIAS
1. Uma pena que me coube
2. Όσο βαρούν τα σίδερα | Pesado como ferro

Periplus, edição portuguesa

Periplus levanta âncora da “Terra das Ausências” com (quem sabe) a “Menina Lisboa” cantando uma composição de Amélia Muge dedicada à Grécia, um país julgado in absentia que quanto mais se contacta mais falta nos faz. São “Penas de Ausência”, semelhantes às da viúva de “Pesado como ferro”. Musicalmente, a viagem começa com o acompanhamento “característico” das canções portuguesas – quando um “estranho” som emerge: o clarino (clarinete tradicional) tocado por Manos Achalinotópoulos com a técnica peculiar, tradicional, usada pelos músicos dos Balcãs e da Ásia Menor, combinado com a guitarra portuguesa de Ricardo Parreira. ● Manos, que gravou em Atenas, fez dois improvisos que editei usando ambas as gravações.

As “Deambulações luso-gregas” tornam-se mais evidentes na segunda canção de origem cretense marcada por uma forte influência da Ásia Menor. No nosso período de pesquisa, enquanto trocávamos materais relacionados com as nossas músicas tradicionais, enviei esta canção como um exemplo excelente da canção cretense urbana. O que aconteceu a seguir foi qualquer coisa de extraordinário: Amélia respondeu com um… mp3, interpretando esta canção da forma como “se apropriou dela”, adaptando a letra para português e a música como se fosse um tema medieval, ocidental. Fiquei espantado! Era como se me tivesse ouvido a cantar a canção nalguma corte medieval e depois, ao regressar a casa, tentasse recriá-la; mas de facto, o que fez foi expressá-la à sua maneira, criando uma variação. Foi praticamente deste modo que a música se desenvolveu durante milénios, até começarem a ser usadas as partituras e os registos fonográficos. E foi esta a razão porque fiz o arranjo da canção mantendo estas duas variações.

1. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo
2. Tradicional, versão de Creta | Adaptação para português e para música antiga ocidental: A. Muge; arranjo: M. Loukovikas

B. DOS CAMINHOS
3. Caminhos de seda
4. Caminhos pentatónicos africanos
5. Caminhos pentatónicos epiróticos

Quando Amélia compôs esta espécie de morna desafiou-me: “Agora continua até à Grécia a partir de Cabo Verde!” A minha resposta deu-me a chave para continuar: “Como é que eu vou daqui até à Grécia? Temos a África pelo meio!” Só aí pensei na escala pentatónica que caracteriza alguma da música africana e da região do Épiro, na Grécia. Os dados estavam lançados! Harris Lambrakis deu-me depois “uma mãozinha” com a sua “flauta mágica” (ney)…

Parafraseando, como ponto de partida, algumas das frases quer da melodia quer da lírica do tema de Amélia, o meu trabalho nos “Caminhos pentatónicos” foi mais racional que o resultado da inspiração, baseado num ritmo de 10 tempos, coros e linhas melódicas cíclicas que funcionaram muito bem.

Chegados à Grécia, escolhi combinar esta paisagem sonora com uma canção de emigração do Épiro, “Ξενιτεμένο μου πουλί (Meu pássaro emigrante)”, baseada num ritmo de 4 tempos. Como acrescento pedi a Manos Achalinotópoulos, que não é apenas um excelente tocador de clarino mas também um cantor maravilhoso, para interpretar a canção, dotando-a do seu refinado “toque vocal” tradicional.

3. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo
4. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas e A. Muge
5. Tradicional, versão do Épiro | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

C. DOS CANTOS
6. Φαίνου | Deixa brilhar (Ἐπιτάφιος | Epitáfio)
7. Canto em periplus

Amélia é amiga de longa data de Hélia Correia, compondo para poemas seus desde os anos 90 – de que é um excelente exemplo “A tentação”. Quando me encontrei pela primeira vez com Hélia estávamos no processo de construção do nosso Periplus. Depois de uma conversa sobre a antiga Hélade, como ela é uma helenista e filhelenista, ao falarmos do nosso trabalho disse-lhe: “Sabes, Hélia, também vamos ter no Periplus o Epitáfio de Seikilos”. A sua completamente inesperada resposta deixou-me de boca aberta. Sem qualquer comentário, começou a cantar em Grego antigo: “Ὅσον ζῇς φαίνου | μηδὲν ὅλως σὺ λυποῦ· | πρὸς ὀλίγον ἔστι τὸ ζῆν· | τὸ τέλος ὁ χρόνος ἀπαιτεῖ.” (Deixa brilhar a tua vida enquanto dura; não te entregues de nenhum modo à tristeza; a vida é curta e o tempo cobra o que lhe é devido). Foi uma reacção que eu só esperaria vir de um entre mil músicos gregos: os outros não conheceriam esta canção (!) a mais antiga encontrada completa, datada ca. séc. I (algures entre 200 AEC e um pouco depois de 200 EC). Mais tarde, disse à Amélia: “O Seikilos tem de ser cantado pela Hélia!” E de facto ela cantou-o maravilhosamente!

A Amélia encontrou-me na Net em 2009 graças ao meu trabalho baseado na poesia de Ares Alexandrou, Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού, editado em Portugal em livro-cd O Ouro do Céu / Ares Alexandrou por Michales Loukovikas. Desapontado com a desatenção e não valorização com que o meu trabalho foi recebido na Grécia, tinha decidido não compor mais nada. A Amélia esforçou-se bastante para me convencer do contrário. Depois de repetidos falhanços teve uma ideia brilhante: fez um poema e compôs uma primeira parte pedindo-me para lhe dar seguimento. Não podia continuar dizer não; seria ingrato da minha parte. ● Quando ouvi o que ela compôs fiquei impressionado pela semelhança com o Epitáfio de Seikilos, que a Amélia, é claro, desconhecia. Assim, quando fiz o arranjo do “Canto em Periplus”, utilizei a composição do Seikilos como introdução (“Deixa brilhar”), bem como uma citação dentro do canto, adaptada para português por Hélia Correia: Ó mortal, deixa brilhar, | a luz da vida no teu rosto; | que a morte vai cobrar imposto | e a todos abate, sem dó por igual.

6. Seikilos | Adaptação para português: H. Correia; arranjo: M. Loukovikas
7. Amélia Muge | Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

D. DAS ILHAS
8. Παράνομο σημείωμα | Nota ilegal
9. Calma / Ἰθάκη | Ítaca

Ares Alexandrou, Constantine Cavafy, Fernando Pessoa

O Ouro do Céu, nosso ponto de encontro, está em destaque no Periplus com três temas arranjados desta vez por Filipe Raposo, para que houvesse um outro tipo de abordagem às minhas composições. Recordo-me como se fosse ontem como fiquei deliciado quando ouvi pela primeira vez a Nota ilegal, adaptada e cantada para português pela Amélia. “Compus um fado!”, fantasiei sorrindo, enquanto assobiava a minha composição com as ornamentações vocais feitas por ela…

Se “Nota ilegal” é uma ilha-pesadelo de exílio, “Calma”, de Fernando Pessoa, composta por Amélia, é uma ilha de sonho, onde inserimos um excerto do poema “Ítaca” de Constantine Cavafy. Há uma probabilidade dos dois grandes poetas se terem encontrado num barco que se dirigia para Londres e que continuaria depois para os Estados Unidos, mesmo antes da Grande Depressão de 1929.

8. Ares Alexandrou | Michales Loukovikas | Adaptação para português: A. Muge; arranjo: F. Raposo
9. Fernando Pessoa e Constantine Cavafy | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo

E. DAS VOZES
10. Cântico do país emerso
11. Palavra dada

Esta composição de Amélia para o poema (excerto) de Natália Correia, estava para ser, quando fiz o seu arranjo, a primeira do Periplus (mais tarde escolhemos “Uma pena que me coube” para uma abertura mais “calma”). Optei por começar com um tributo à colaboração entre Carlos Paredes e Charlie Haden, propondo uma improvisação entre o contrabaixo de Kostas Theodorou e a guitarra portuguesa de Ricardo Parreira com o piano de Filipe Raposo. Além disso, quando Amélia me mostrou a melodia num teclado, encontrei semelhanças com o primeiro Hino délfico feito provavelmente por Ateneu em 138 AEC. Assim, entre os versos de Natália, juntei três Interlúdios, adaptando este hino (no I e III) e a canção “Não sou daqui” de Amélia (no II), do seu álbum homónimo (que considero a sua obra-prima). A utilização deste tema surgiu porque as palavras do seu título são iguais às primeiras palavras do excerto do Cântico de Natália.

“Palavra dada”, a mais complicada em termos de arranjo e edição de todo o Periplus, começa pelo fascínio e interacção da Amélia com um Syrtós cretense. A origem desta dança levou-me a um músico heleno da antiguidade, Mesomedes de Creta (séc. II) e ao seu Ὕμνος εἰς Νέμεσιν (Hino a Némesis), a deusa que exerce represálias contra os que são arrogantes (húbris [ὕβρις]: arrogância perante os deuses). Começando com o ritmo original de 15 tempos, muda-se a meio para os 4 tempos do Syrtos, adoptando a versão adaptada por Ross Daly, combinando-a com as Pragas algarvias. À medida que a música cresce, com o violino de Kyriakos Gouventas, passamos para a tradicional portuguesa Cantiga de rega; quando regressamos a Creta, o finale é apimentado com mais pragas ditas por Teresa Muge (irmã de Amélia) e Margarida Guerreiro.

10. Natália Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas > Ateneu (Interlúdios I e III); Amélia Muge (Interlúdio II)
11. Mesomedes (Némesis); Tradicional de Creta (Syrtós, adaptação: R. Daly); Tradicional portuguesa e Amélia Muge (Cantiga de rega); Amélia Muge (Pragas) | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas e A. Muge

F. DOS EMBALOS
12. Νανούρισμα | Canção de embalar
13. Dorme, dorme

Noite estrelada, de Vincent Van Gogh

Outra canção no Periplus com poesia de Ares Alexandrou é a “Canção de embalar”, adaptada para português por Amélia. Na sua forma original (O Ouro do Céu), está dividida em seis partes, à semelhança de um sonho. Na versão do Periplus ouvimos a primeira parte da canção antecedida por excertos de canções tradicionais de embalar e lenga-lengas.

Em ligação com o tema anterior está uma tocante canção de embalar composta por Amélia e arranjada por José Martins e Filipe Raposo. Este “embalo” é cantado a uma menina e não a um menino, como é usual nas canções de embalar tradicionais.

12. Ares Alexandrou | Michales Loukovikas | Αdaptação para português: A. Muge; arranjo: F. Raposo (introdução: A. Muge e M. Loukovikas)
13. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: J. Martins e F. Raposo

G. DOS AMORES
14. Της τριανταφυλλιάς τα φύλλα | A folha da rosa
15. Da folhinha de uma rosa

Uma rosa em Mi sustenido, de Ernie Benton

Quando lhe enviei esta tradicional canção de amor da Ásia Menor e Esmirna, a Amélia reconheceu, espantada, que o poema era idêntico ao de uma canção tradicional galega que tinha gravado anteriormente com o ensemble de Vigo, Camerata Meiga. Não podemos ter a certeza se alguns gregos e iberos tiveram a mesma ideia (“vou vestir-me com a folha [pétala] de uma rosa”), ou se foi uma ideia que viajou de um lugar para o outro. Em Periplus, convidei Ziad Rajab, um músico amigo Sírio-Palestiniano, para tocar o oud. Cantei a primeira parte do tema em grego, enquanto o resto foi adaptado e cantado por Amélia em português.

Aqui a canção da Ásia Menor ecoa na Galiza através de uma “ponte” em Guimarães. Esta “ponte” é uma versão simplificada da canção grega (o ritmo de 9 tempos de uma dança de pares – antikrystós – passa para um ritmo de 4 tempos) adaptada por Amélia para o Outra Voz, um coro local com quem tivemos uma intensa e especial colaboração. Ainda lembro a minha enorme emoção quando os ouvi pela primeira vez cantando esta adaptação, que o grupo acabou por adoptar como parte do seu repertório. Quando se entra na canção galega, juntam-se outras vozes convidadas e a canção termina num improviso onde no fim se entrecruzam novamente os dois temas tradicionais do Ocidente e do Oriente.

14. Tradicional, versão da Asia Menor e de Esmirna | Adaptação para português: A. Muge; arranjo: M. Loukovikas
15. Tradicional grega e galaico-portuguesa | Adaptação musical e poética em português: A. Muge; arranjo: F. Raposo

H. DA ALMA | DE PROFUNDIS
16. Se o lamento apenas fosse
17. Τα ἔνδον ῥήματα | Os meus ditames

Um emocionante e pungente lamento composto por Amélia começando no Épiro, com uma dupla improvisão à moda tradicional feita ao clarino por Manos Achalinotópoulos. Criou-se sobre esta sonoridade a atmosfera da tragédia grega, com o coro da Outra Voz (arranjo de José Martins e Filipe Raposo), usando basicamente o ritmo de um solene zeibékiko. É de facto incrível ela conseguir compor para este peculiar ritmo de 9 tempos logo que se familiarizou com ele, pela sua proximidade à cultura helénica.

“Sejas amigo ou inimigo não o reveles em parte alguma. | Aqui me encontro prisioneiro obedecendo aos meus próprios ditames.” Ares Alexandrou usou este couplet como nota de rodapé (este é o seu título original) ou como post scriptum no seu último livro de poesia, parafraseando Simónides, que compôs para os espartanos caídos na batalha das Termópilas o famoso epitáfio-epigrama: “Ó, estrangeiro, vai dizer aos Lacedemónios que nós aqui | jazemos em obediência aos seus ditames”. No Periplus, a nota de rodapé de Ares tem, musicalmente, um ostinato menor que no meu original (O Ouro do Céu), mas Amélia cria o contraste com as suas vocalizações soando como as das Erínias, estendendo o trágico elemento do “Lamento” a “Os Meus ditames” que adapta e recita em português.

16. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: J. Martins e F. Raposo
17. Ares Alexandrou | Michales Loukovikas | Adaptação para português: A. Muge; arranjo: F. Raposo

I. DAS TASCAS E TAVERNAS
18. Um qualquer quê
19. Abertura da taverna
20. Τα μαγκάκια τής ταβέρνας | Os mangas da taverna

O Fado, de José Malhoa (1910)

Esta sequência acontece como se fosse uma gravação ao vivo da transformação do ambiente de uma tasca de fado no de uma taverna de rebético. É a realização de uma nossa ideia fixa para uma cena fantástica algures numa taverna de um porto durante um tempestuoso mau tempo, e onde as tripulações dos navios imobilizados se reúnem cantando cada uma delas as suas canções até que acontece começarem a cantar em conjunto. Tentámos dar vida a esta cena começando com uma canção de amor da Amélia evocando o fado. Segue-se depois uma necessária “ponte” com um instrumental de cortar a respiração ligando um improviso de fado e rebético com Ricardo Parreira (guitarra portuguesa) e Dimitris Mystakidis (bouzouki), que nos leva ao rebético finale.

Panaiotes Tountas, que se afirma como compositor deste rebético, chamou-lhe “Menor da taverna (Vlamáquia)” (diminutivo de vlames, um sinónimo de mangas). Indirectamente, Tountas refere-se claramente ao instrumental “Menor do tekke” que Iohannes Chalkiás (ou Jack Gregory) gravou nos EUA com um longo e fantástico taqsim (improvisação) no começo. Por isso a melodia parece ser tradicional. Existem várias teorias sobre a etimologia de vlames e mangas. Escolhemos como título “Os mangas da taverna” porque a palavra pode ter vindo do ibérico manga, lembrando que os antigos manges gregos costumavam vestir apenas uma manga do seu casaco. Uma boa combinação com a canção tradicional portuguesa “A mangar” cantada pelos manganões, parecidos com os manges gregos.

Panaiotes Tountas

A sessão de gravação em Lisboa da “Entrada na taverna” é algo que nunca esquecerei. Expliquei ao Ricardo e ao Pedro Pinhal (viola), que deviam tocar criando “ondas”, deixando espaços “abertos”, para o Dimitris, que gravaria mais tarde em Salónica. Por fim fi-los escutar o taqsim de Chalkiás, como fonte de inspiração. O resultado foi magia pura – um dos melhores solos de fado que alguma vez ouvi – ainda por cima em diálogo com um bouzouki! Quando regressei a Salónica, Dimitris juntou-se na perfeição ao duo português. Finalmente transferi o trio para… a taverna do porto de forma a pudermos ouvi-los tocar em conjunto! Esta é a magia chamada edição…

18. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: F. Raposo
19. Improviso instrumental de fado e de rebético por Ricardo Parreira e Dimitris Mystakidis | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
20. Panaiotis Tountas | Rebético tradicional | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas

J. TÃO LONGE, TÃO PERTO
21. Dolor, ai dolor
22. Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει; | O teu olhar onde acaba? (Versão grega )
23. O teu olhar onde acaba? | Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει; (Versão portuguesa)
24. Zum zum

As primeiras três partes da sequência final são de facto uma única e longa canção. Na altura em que Amélia tentava em vão que eu voltasse a compor, mandou-me este poema. Passaram-se meses até que numa noite tive um sonho onde tinha rearranjado a sua canção “Arena” (Não sou daqui) como se fosse um rebético! Enfim, tive de passar horas ao piano para chegar à conclusão que o que se passa num sonho não quer necessariamente dizer que possa acontecer na vida real. No entanto o meu tempo não foi gasto em vão. Gradualmente fui deixando para trás a “Arena”, improvisando num outro aliciante modo musical! Felizmente, gravei este improviso e mandei-o para a Amélia, que por sua vez adaptou o seu poema à minha melodia e musicou a sua versão original (“Dolor, ai, Dolor”). Do meu lado, adaptei o seu poema para grego e convidei Eleni Tsaligopoulou para cantar a versão grega; convidei também Zoe Tiganouria para tocar acordeão. No fim da versão portuguesa Eleni e Amélia cantam “Dolor” em conjunto! Na opinião do compositor e pianista grego, Giorgos Andreou: “Um momento de excepção do ponto de vista emocional (e que considero ser o climax do CD) é a interpretação paralela da canção ‘O teu olhar onde acaba?’ por Eleni Tsaligopoulou em grego e Amélia Muge em português.”

Embora seja um tema composto por Amélia e a mim dedicado como prenda de aniversário, “Zum zum” é mais do que isso. Evoca “Run run se fué pa’l norte” de Violeta Parra, como uma espécie de tributo ao seu trabalho enraizado na canção tradicional chilena, exprimindo a vida e os problemas do seu povo. Zum zum significa em português uma espécie de rumor, passando de boca em boca, de uma pessoa para outra. Acorda, diz, porque “Todas as flores do campo / Todas as aves do céu / Todos os peixes do mar / Vieram à tua porta / P’ra te saudar / P’ra te cantar / Que há um zum zum / Que vem do sul”… É uma espécie de canção ibérico-latino-americana, que se liga com a melodia de “O teu olhar onde acaba?” – usada aqui como introdução. O ritmo de 9 tempos no fim da canção anuncia a chegada do Zum zum à Grécia – algo que também é validado pelas… cigarras!

Anel de prata com uma cigarra em latão, inspirado num antigo anel grego (séc. V AEC)

● Eu e Amélia estávamos em Escópelos, Grécia, de férias. Fomos um dia para uma praia cheia de gente e por isso sentámo-nos à sombra, debaixo de uma árvore, perto do bar da praia. Um altifante, instalado num ramo, tocava sobre as nossas cabeças. “Elas estão a tempo”, disse Amélia. Perante a minha perplexidade, explicou: “As cigarras ‘cantam’ a tempo, não saem do ritmo!” “Nem pensar!”, respondi. Mas rapidamente admiti que ela tinha razão! De facto elas seguiam muito facilmente o ritmo das canções pop. Tinham algum problema em acertar quando o ritmo mudava para alguma canção brasileira mas depressa se adaptavam… Eu estava fascinado! ● De volta a Lisboa tive uma ideia completamente louca enquanto trabalhava no “Zum zum”. Procurei sons de cigarra na net, mas o que encontrei foram “coros” de cigarras. Procurei então por cicadas, cigales, cigalas, mas continuava a não encontrar o que procurava – até que experimentei pela palavra grega τζιτζίκια: apareceu uma enorme abundância de sons e entre eles de cigarras solitárias (o que eu estava à procura), para que pudessem ser “amestradas” (através da “magia da edição”) para “‘cantar’ em conjunto” com o coro, mantendo os ritmos do “Zum zum”! Quando acabei, convidei a Amélia e o José Martins para escutarem o coro das minhas cigarras especialmente “amestradas”. O que nos rimos! É o significado da frase “amostras de cigarras gregas amestradas” mencionada no livrinho do Periplus em referência a mais esta minha contribuição para o trabalho. ● E as cigarras não apareceram apenas no CD: no fim dos nossos concertos do Periplus, a audiência saía dos teatros ouvindo as τζιτζίκια gregas!

21. Amélia Muge | Arranjo: M. Loukovikas
22. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas | Adaptação para grego e arranjo: M. Loukovikas
23. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas – e Amélia Muge (finale) | Adaptação para grego e arranjo: M. Loukovikas
24. Amélia Muge | Amélia Muge – e Michales Loukovikas (introdução) | Arranjo: J. Martins e M. Loukovikas

● Ver também: MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “PERIPLUS” | GIORGOS ANDREOU sobre “PERIPLUS”

Periplus, edição internacional

TROUPE MUSICAL do PERIPLUS: Amélia Muge: voz, guitarra braguesa, coros, fala, sons de ambiente. | Michales Loukovikas: voz, coros, fala, amostras de vozes e sons, estalos, percussão, acordeão, palmas.
António Quintino: contrabaixo. | Filipe Raposo: piano, teclados, acordeão. | Harris Lambrakis: ney (flauta oriental), flauta de bisel. | José Martins: percussão, kalimba, sintetizador, sons, palmas. | José Salgueiro: percussão, palmas. | Kyriakos Gouventas: violin, viola, bandolim. | Manos Achalinotopoulos: clarino (clarinete folk), voz, coros. | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa.

CONVIDADOS ESPECIAIS: Hélia Correia, escritora: voz. | Eleni Tsaligopoulou, cantora: lengalengas, risos, coros, voz. | Outra Voz, coro dos cidadãos de Guimarães: sons de água, de vento, de mar, de ambiente, coros, lengalengas, respirações, falas.

OUTROS PARTICIPANTES: André Maia: fala. | Catarina Anacleto: violoncelo, coros. | Cristina Benedita: coros. | Dimitris Mystakidis: bouzouki, djurá, guitarra de rebético. | Eduardo Salgueiro: palmas. | Francisco e Sofia Van Epps: lengalengas, risos. | Irene Bakalopoulou: harpa. | José Barros: bandolim, cavaquinho, guitarra braguesa, coros. | José Manuel David: kalimba, voz, trompa, gaita, coros. | Kostas Theodorou: contrabaixo, percussão. | Mariana Abrunheiro: coros. | Margarida Guerreiro: pragas. | Pedro Pinhal: viola de fado. | Rui Vaz: fala, coros. | Teresa Muge: voz, pragas. | Ziad Rajab: oud. | Zoe Tiganouria: acordeão.

AUTORES: Amélia Muge | Ares Alexandrou (1922 – 1979) | Athenaeus (séc. II AEC) | Constantine Cavafy (1863 – 1933) | Fernando Pessoa (1888 – 1935) | Hélia Correia | Mesomedes (início do séc. II EC) | Michales Loukovikas | Natália Correia (1923 – 1993) | Panaiotis Tountas (1886 – 1942) | Seikilos (ca séc. I EC)

As damas do rebético, de A. Tassos (1970)

ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ | Ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις (Χρονικό)

ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ | Ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις (Χρονικό)

Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας

(PERIPLUS | Deambulações luso-gregas / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings)

/ENGLISH/ PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (Chronicle)
/PORTUGUÊS/ PERIPLUS | Deambulações luso-gregas (Crónica)

Ο Περίπλους δεν είναι καμιά κρουαζιέρα. Είναι η προσπάθεια να οικοδομηθούν διαπολιτισμικές γέφυρες και να διερευνηθεί το παρελθόν χάριν του μέλλοντος.
Ο Περίπλους συνεχίζεται… (Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας)

A. DAS AUSÊNCIAS | ΑΠΟΥΣΙΕΣ
1. Uma pena que me coube | Ένας καημός που μού ’λαχε
2. Όσο βαρούν τα σίδερα | Pesado como ferro

PERIPLUS | Deambulações luso-gregas:
η πορτογαλική έκδοση του Περίπλου

Αποπλέοντας από την “Γη των Απόντων”, η “Κυρά τής Λισαβόνας” μάς τραγουδά μια σύνθεση της Amélia Muge, ένα πορτογαλικό τραγούδι αφιερωμένο στην Ελλάδα, μια χώρα απούσα, δικαζόμενη ερήμην, ένας τόπος που νοσταλγείς όλο και πιο πολύ, όσο περισσότερο συνδέεσαι μαζί του. Είναι ένας “Καημός των Απουσιών”, παρόμοιος με τον πόνο μιας χήρας, που είναι “Βαρύς σαν σίδερο”. Ως προς τη μουσική, το ταξίδι μας ξεκινά με “χαρακτηριστικό” πορτογαλικό ήχο – αν και αναδύεται ένα ηχόχρωμα “παράξενο”: το κλαρίνο που παίζει ο Μάνος Αχαλινωτόπουλος, με την ιδιόμορφη, παραδοσιακή τεχνική των λαϊκών μουσικών Βαλκανίων και Μικρασίας, παράλληλα με την πορτογαλική κιθάρα τού Ricardo Parreira. ● Ο Μάνος, που ηχογράφησε στην Αθήνα, αυτοσχεδίασε δυο φορές ακούγοντας το τραγούδι, κι εγώ επέλεξα τελικά να επεξεργαστώ ξεχωριστά και τα δύο ηχογραφήματα.

Οι “Ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις” γίνονται προφανέστατες στο επόμενο κρητικό τραγούδι με τις έντονες μικρασιάτικες επιρροές. Στην περίοδο της έρευνάς μας, όταν ανταλλάσσαμε παραδοσιακό υλικό, το έστειλα στην Αμέλια ως ένα εξαιρετικό δείγμα κρητικού αστικού τραγουδιού. Είναι εκπληκτικό το τι επακολούθησε: η απάντησή της ήταν ένα… mp3, όπου ερμήνευε αυτό το τραγούδι με τον τρόπο που το “κατανόησε”, προσαρμόζοντας στίχους και μουσική στα πορτογαλικά ως δυτικό μεσαιωνικό άσμα. Έμεινα άναυδος! Ήταν σαν να με άκουσε να τραγουδώ το “Όσο βαρούν τα σίδερα” σε κάποια μεσαιωνική βασιλική αυλή, κι έπειτα, γυρνώντας σπίτι της, δοκίμασε να το ερμηνεύσει και η ίδια. Στην ουσία, όμως, ό,τι τραγούδησε ήταν ό,τι αποκόμισε από το τραγούδι αυτό, δημιουργώντας παραλλαγή. Να πώς αναπτύχθηκε κυρίως η μουσική επί χιλιετίες, ώσπου άρχισε να εκδίδεται (σε παρτιτούρες ή δίσκους γραμμοφώνου). Να γιατί ενορχήστρωσα το τραγούδι διατηρώντας και τις δυο παραλλαγές.

1. Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo
2. Παραδοσιακό, παραλλαγή Κρήτης | Απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά & διασκευή ως παλαιό δυτικό τραγούδι: A. Muge. Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας

B. DOS CAMINHOS | ΔΡΟΜΟΙ
3. Caminhos de seda | Δρόμοι τού μεταξιού
4. Caminhos pentatónicos africanos | Δρόμοι αφρικάνικοι πεντατονικοί
5. Caminhos pentatónicos epiróticos | Δρόμοι ηπειρώτικοι πεντατονικοί (Ξενιτεμένο μου πουλί)

Όταν η Αμέλια συνέθεσε αυτό το τραγούδι που μοιάζει με morna, μου έριξε το γάντι: “Τώρα πήγαινέ το από το Πράσινο Ακρωτήρι στην Ελλάδα!” Το κλειδί για τον δρόμο που έπρεπε ν’ ακολουθήσω υπήρχε στην απάντησή μου: “Μα πώς μπορώ να το πάω στην Ελλάδα; Ανάμεσά τους υπάρχει ολόκληρη Αφρική!” Τότε φυσικά σκέφτηκα την πεντατονική κλίμακα που χαρακτηρίζει ἐν πολλοῖς τόσο την αφρικανική όσο και την ηπειρώτικη μουσική. Ὁ κύβος ἐρρίφθη! Άλλωστε, είχα και τον Χάρη Λαμπράκη για να μου δώσει χεῖρα βοηθείας – με τον δικό του “μαγικό αυλό” (νέυ) ἀνὰ χεῖρας…

Παραφράζοντας μερικές φράσεις τής Αμέλιας, από τους στίχους και τη μουσική, ως αφετηρία, η δουλειά μου στους “Δρόμους πεντατονικούς” ήταν ορθολογική μάλλον, παρά απόρροια έμπνευσης, με βάση έναν δεκάσημο ρυθμό, φωνητικά, και κυκλικές μελωδικές γραμμές, που όλα λειτούργησαν άψογα.

Φτάνοντας στην Ελλάδα, θέλησα να συνδυάσω το ίδιο ηχόχρωμα μ’ ένα ηπειρώτικο τραγούδι τής ξενιτιάς, “Ξενιτεμένο μου πουλί”, που έχει τετράσημο ρυθμό. Επιπλέον, ζήτησα από τον Μάνο Αχαλινωτόπουλο, που είναι όχι μόνον εξαίρετος κλαρινίστας, αλλά και υπέροχος τραγουδιστής, να ερμηνεύσει το τραγούδι, χαρίζοντάς του την ιδιαίτερη παραδοσιακή του χροιά.

3. Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo
4. Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας & A. Muge
5. Παραδοσιακό, παραλλαγή Ηπείρου | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας

Γ. DOS CANTOS | ΤΡΑΓΟΥΔΙΑ
6. Φαίνου | Deixa brilhar / Ἐπιτάφιος | Epitáfio
7. Canto em periplus | Τραγούδι τού περίπλου

Η Αμέλια έχει παλιά φιλία με την Hélia Correia, μελοποιώντας στίχους της ήδη από τη δεκαετία τού ‘90 – ένα εξαίρετο παράδειγμα είναι το “A tentação (Ο πειρασμός)”. Εγώ γνώρισα την Hélia ενώ δουλεύαμε πάνω στον Περίπλου. Αφού συζητήσαμε για την αρχαία Ελλάδα, καθώς είναι ελληνίστρια, μα και φιλέλληνας, η κουβέντα γύρισε γύρω από τη δουλειά μας και τότε της είπα: “Ξέρεις, Hélia, στον Περίπλου έχουμε και τον Επιτάφιο του Σείκιλου.” Η εντελώς απροσδόκητη απάντησή της με άφησε με ανοιχτό το στόμα. Χωρίς να πει λέξη, άρχισε να τραγουδά στα αρχαία ελληνικά: “Ὅσον ζῇς φαίνου, | μηδὲν ὅλως σὺ λυποῦ· | πρὸς ὀλίγον ἔστι τὸ ζῆν· | τὸ τέλος ὁ χρόνος ἀπαιτεῖ.” Ήταν όντως μια απάντηση που θα περίμενα ν’ ακούσω από μόλις έναν στους χίλιους Έλληνες μουσικούς: οι υπόλοιποι θα είχαν πλήρη άγνοια (!) για το αρχαιότερο διεθνώς ολόκληρο τραγούδι που σώζεται και ανάγεται γύρω στον 1ο αιώνα (κάποια στιγμή ανάμεσα στο 200 ΠΚΧ και λίγο μετά από το 200 ΚΧ). Αργότερα είπα στην Αμελία: “Τον Σείκιλο πρέπει να τον τραγουδήσει η Hélia!” Και όντως τον τραγούδησε υπέροχα!

Η Αμέλια με εντόπισε στο διαδίκτυο το 2009, χάρη στη δουλειά μου, σε ποίηση Άρη Αλεξάνδρου, Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού, που εκδόθηκε και στην Πορτογαλία, με τίτλο O Ouro do Céu / Ares Alexandrou por Michales Loukovikas (Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού / Ο Α. Αλεξάνδρου από τον Μ. Λουκοβίκα). Μα στην Ελλάδα αντιμετωπίστηκε με αδιαφορία και σιωπή, γεγονός που με απογοήτευσε τόσο, ώστε αποφάσισα να μη συνθέτω πια. Η Αμέλια έκανε τα πάντα για να με μεταπείσει, αλλά χωρίς επιτυχία. Ώσπου της ήρθε μια ιδέα καταπληκτική: έγραψε τους στίχους και συνέθεσε το πρώτο μέρος ενός τραγουδιού, και κατόπιν μου ζήτησε να το ολοκληρώσω. Δεν μπορούσα πλέον να αντιστέκομαι, γιατί θα ήμουν αγνώμονας. ● Όταν άκουσα το μέρος που συνέθεσε, εντυπωσιάστηκα από την ομοιότητά του με τον Επιτάφιο του Σείκιλου, για τον οποίο ως τότε η Αμέλια είχε επίσης πλήρη άγνοια. Έτσι, όταν ενορχήστρωσα το “Τραγούδι τού περίπλου”, χρησιμοποίησα τη σύνθεση του Σείκιλου ως εισαγωγή (“Φαίνου”), καθώς και ως παραπομπή, σε προσαρμογή της στα πορτογαλικά από την Hélia Correia, εμβόλιμη στο τραγούδι: “Ó mortal, deixa brilhar, | a luz da vida no teu rosto; | que a morte vai cobrar imposto | e a todos abate, sem dó por igual.” (Ω, θνητέ, άσε το φως | το ζωογόνο να σε λούσει· | φόρο ο Χάρος θα ζητήσει, | τότε όλους θα μας σβήσει δίχως έλεος).

6. Σείκιλος | Απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά: H. Correia. Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας
7. Amélia Muge | Amélia Muge & Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας

Δ. DAS ILHAS | ΝΗΣΙΑ
8. Παράνομο σημείωμα | Nota ilegal
9. Calma | Κάλμα / Ἰθάκη | Ítaca

Άρης Αλεξάνδρου, Κωνσταντίνος Καβάφης, Fernando Pessoa

Καθώς απετέλεσε το σημείο τής συνάντησής μας, Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού, του Άρη Αλεξάνδρου, δίνει το παρών στον Περίπλου με τρία τραγούδια σ’ ενορχήστρωση του Filipe Raposo, καθώς επιθυμούσα να έχω κάποια νέα προσέγγιση στις συνθέσεις μου. Ακόμη θυμάμαι πολύ έντονα τον ενθουσιασμό μου όταν άκουσα για πρώτη φορά την Αμέλια να τραγουδά την προσαρμογή της στα πορτογαλικά: “Συνέθεσα fado!”, φαντασιώθηκα χαμογελώντας, καθώς σφύριζα το κομμάτι μου χρησιμοποιώντας τα δικά της ποικίλματα…

Αν το “Παράνομο σημείωμα” μιλά για κάποιο εφιαλτικό νησί τής εξορίας, η “Κάλμα” τού Fernando Pessoa, μελοποιημένη από την Αμέλια, περιγράφει ένα ονειρικό νησί, όπου παρεμβάλλεται κι ένα απόσπασμα της “Ιθάκης” τού Κωνσταντίνου Καβάφη. Ενδέχεται μάλιστα οι δυο μεγάλοι ποιητές να συναντήθηκαν σε πλοίο που πήγαινε στην Αγγλία και τις ΗΠΑ, λίγο πριν από το μεγάλο κραχ τού 1929.

8. Άρης Αλεξάνδρου | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά: A. Muge. Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo
9. Fernando Pessoa & Κωνσταντίνος Καβάφης | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo

E. DAS VOZES | ΦΩΝΕΣ
10. Cântico do país emerso | Ωδή σε αναδυόμενη χώρα
11. Palavra dada | Λόγος τιμής

Αυτό το μεγάλο ποίημα (ένα απόσπασμα) της Natália Correia, μελοποιημένο από την Αμέλια, προοριζόταν ως αφετηρία τού Περίπλου όταν το ενορχήστρωσα (αργότερα επιλέξαμε ένα πιο “ομαλό” ξεκίνημα με τον “Καημό που μού ’λαχε”). Θέλησα λοιπόν ο Περίπλους ν’ αποτίει, κατ’ αρχάς, φόρο τιμής στη συνεργασία των Carlos Paredes και Charlie Haden, μ’ έναν ελεύθερο αυτοσχεδιασμό τού Κώστα Θεοδώρου στο κόντρα μπάσο και του Ricardo Parreira στην πορτογαλική κιθάρα, προσθέτοντας το πιάνο τού Filipe Raposo. Εκτός αυτού, ακούγοντας την Αμέλια να παίζει τη μελωδία της στα πλήκτρα, διέκρινα κάποιες ομοιότητες με τον πρώτο Δελφικὸ Ὕμνο, που συνέθεσε μάλλον ο Ἀθήναιος περί το 138 ΠΚΧ. Γι’ αυτό, ανάμεσα στους στίχους τής Ναταλίας, παρενέβαλα τρία Ιντερλούδια, διασκευάζοντας τον ύμνο (στα Ιντερλούδια I και III), και το τραγούδι “Não sou daqui (Δεν είμαι από εδώ”), της Αμέλιας (στο Ιντερλούδιο II), από τον ομώνυμο δίσκο της (το αριστούργημά της, κατά την άποψή μου), αφού έτσι ακριβώς αρχίζει αυτό το απόσπασμα της Ωδής τής Ναταλίας.

Ο “Λόγος τιμής”, το πιο περίπλοκο κομμάτι στην ενορχήστρωση κι επεξεργασία στον Περίπλου, ξεκίνησε από την αγάπη τής Αμέλιας και τους πειραματισμούς της πάνω σ’ έναν Κρητικό συρτό. Εγώ πάλι, λόγω της προέλευσης του χορού αυτού, κατέληξα να τον συνδυάσω με τον Ὕμνο εἰς Νέμεσιν, του αρχαίου Έλληνα συνθέτη, Μεσομήδους τοῦ Κρητός (2ος αιώνας ΚΧ), αφιερωμένο στην θεά που τιμωρεί όσους υποκύπτουν στην ὕβρι – λόγω αλαζονείας έναντι των θεών. Με βάση τον αρχικό 15σημο ρυθμό, στρεφόμαστε ενδιάμεσα στον τετράσημο συρτό, υιοθετώντας τη διασκευή τού Ross Daly, και συνδυάζοντάς τον με Pragas (Αναθέματα, Κατάρες) τού Algarve. Καθώς η μουσική φτάνει σε κορύφωση, με καθοριστικό τον ρόλο τού Κυριάκου Γκουβέντα με το βιολί του, περνούμε σε μια παραδοσιακή πορτογαλική Cantiga de rega (Τραγούδι τού ποτίσματος)· ώσπου τελικά επιστρέφουμε στην Κρήτη για το φινάλε, που είναι διανθισμένο με περισσότερες pragas από την αδερφή τής Αμέλιας, Teresa Muge, και τη Margarida Guerreiro.

10. Natália Correia | Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας > Αθήναιος (Ιντερλούδια I & III) / Amélia Muge (Ιντερλούδιο II)
11. Μεσομήδης (Νέμεσις) / Παραδοσιακό Κρήτης (Συρτός, διασκευή R. Daly) / Παραδοσιακό Πορτογαλίας & Amélia Muge (Τραγούδι ποτίσματος) / Amélia Muge (Pragas) | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας & A. Muge

Ζ. DOS EMBALOS | ΝΑΝΟΥΡΙΣΜΑΤΑ
12. Νανούρισμα | Canção de embalar
13. Dorme, dorme | Νάνι, νάνι

Έναστρη νύχτα, του Vincent Van Gogh

Ένα άλλο τραγούδι σε ποίηση Άρη Αλεξάνδρου στον Περίπλου είναι το “Νανούρισμα” που προσάρμοσε η Αμέλια στα πορτογαλικά. Στην αρχική του μορφή (Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού), είχε συνολικά έξι μέρη κι έμοιαζε με όνειρο. Εδώ ακούμε το πρώτο μέρος τού τραγουδιού με πρόσθετα νανουρίσματα και παιδικά τραγούδια στην αφετηρία.

Η προέκταση του “Νανουρίσματος” είναι το “Νάνι, νάνι”, μια σύνθεση της Αμέλιας, σ’ ενορχήστρωση των José Martins και Filipe Raposo. Σημειωτέον ότι το νανούρισμα αυτό έχει αποδέκτη ένα κορίτσι (και όχι αγόρι, όπως συμβαίνει με τα παραδοσιακά νανουρίσματα).

12. Άρης Αλεξάνδρου | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά: A. Muge. Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo (εισαγωγή: A. Muge & M. Λουκοβίκας)
13. Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: J. Martins & F. Raposo

Η. DOS AMORES | ΑΓΑΠΕΣ
14. Της τριανταφυλλιάς τα φύλλα | A folha da rosa
15. Da folhinha de uma rosa | Μιας τριανταφυλλιάς τα φυλλαράκια

Τριαντάφυλλο σε ΜΙ#,
του Ernie Benton

Όταν έστειλα αυτό το παραδοσιακό μικρασιάτικο και σμυρναίικο τραγούδι αγάπης στην Αμέλια, έμεινε άναυδη επειδή έχει παρόμοιους στίχους μ’ ένα παραδοσιακό τής Γαλικίας, που είχε ηχογραφήσει παλιότερα με το ντόπιο σύνολο Camerata Meiga. Δεν μπορούμε να ξέρουμε αν κάποιοι Έλληνες και Ίβηρες είχαν την ίδιαν ακριβώς ιδέα (“Της τριανταφυλλιάς τα φύλλα θα τα βάλω φορεσιά”), ή αν η ἐν λόγῳ ιδέα ταξίδεψε με ναυτικούς από το ένα μέρος στο άλλο. Στον Περίπλου, ζήτησα από τον φίλο μου, Ziad Rajab, να παίξει το ούτι του, και τραγούδησα το πρώτο μέρος στα ελληνικά, ενώ η Αμέλια ερμήνευσε το υπόλοιπο στα πορτογαλικά, σε δική της προσαρμογή.

Στην περίπτωσή μας, το μικρασιάτικο τραγούδι αντήχησε στη Γαλικία, περνώντας πάνω από μια “γέφυρα” στο Γκιμαράες τής Πορτογαλίας. Η εν λόγω “γέφυρα” είναι η απλοποιημένη διασκευή τού ελληνικού τραγουδιού από την Αμέλια για την ντόπια χορωδία Outra Voz, με την οποία είχαμε μια καρποφόρα συνεργασία (ο εννεάσημος αντικρυστός εξελίσσεται σ’ έναν ευκολότερο τετράσημο ρυθμό). Η συγκίνησή μου ήταν πολύ μεγάλη όταν άκουσα για πρώτη φορά την χορωδία να ερμηνεύει αυτήν τη διασκευή, που τελικά την υιοθέτησε κι αποτελεί πλέον μέρος τού ρεπερτορίου της. Φτάνοντας στη Γαλικία, προσκεκλημένοι τραγουδιστές συνόδευσαν την Αμέλια ἐν χορῷ, ενώ τα παραδοσιακά θέματα Δύσης και Ανατολής εναλλάσσονταν κατά τον αυτοσχεδιασμό τού φινάλε.

14. Παραδοσιακό, παραλλαγή Μικρασίας & Σμύρνης | Απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά: A. Muge. Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας
15. Παραδοσιακά Ελλάδας & Γαλικίας | Απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά & διασκευή: A. Muge. Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo

Θ. DA ALMA (DE PROFUNDIS) | ΕΚ ΒΑΘΕΩΝ
16. Se o lamento apenas fosse | Αν το μοιρολόι ήταν απλώς αυτό
17. Τα ἔνδον ῥήματα | Os meus ditames

Ένα συγκλονιστικό και σπαραχτικό μοιρολόι, σύνθεση της Αμέλιας, με αφετηρία την Ήπειρο, ἤτοι έναν διπλό παραδοσιακό αυτοσχεδιασμό τού Μάνου Αχαλινωτόπουλου στο κλαρίνο. Η Αμέλια δημιούργησε την ατμόσφαιρα ελληνικής τραγωδίας, συνοδείᾳ χορού (σ’ ενορχήστρωση των José Martins και Filipe Raposo), με βάση κυρίως έναν τελετουργικό ζεϊμπέκικο. Είναι πράγματι εντυπωσιακό πως χρησιμοποίησε αυτόν τον ιδιόμορφο εννεάσημο ρυθμό, μόλις εξοικειώθηκε με αυτόν, λόγω της επαφής της με την ελληνική κουλτούρα.

“Φίλε ἤ ἀντίπαλε μὴν τ’ ἀναγγείλεις πουθενά. | Δεσμώτης τῇδε ἵσταμαι τοῖς ἔνδον ῥήμασι πειθόμενος.” Ο Άρης Αλεξάνδρου παρέθεσε αυτό το δίστιχο ως υποσημείωση (ο τίτλος που χρησιμοποίησε), ή υστερόγραφο, στην τελευταία ποιητική ανθολογία του, παραφράζοντας τον Σιμωνίδη, που συνέθεσε ένα περίφημο επιτάφιο επίγραμμα για τους πεσόντες Σπαρτιάτες κατά την μάχη των Θερμοπυλών: “Ὦ ξεῖν’, ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις, | ὅτι τῇδε κείμεθα τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι.” Στον Περίπλου, η υποσημείωση του Άρη δεν είναι τόσο ostinato όσο στην πρώτη εκτέλεση (Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού), μα η Αμέλια έκανε τη διαφορά με τους βοκαλισμούς της, που θυμίζουν Ερινύες, επεκτείνοντας το τραγικό στοιχείο τού “Μοιρολογιού” στα “Ἔνδον ῥήματα”, που επίσης προσάρμοσε και απήγγειλε στα πορτογαλικά.

16. Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: J. Martins & F. Raposo
17. Άρης Αλεξάνδρου | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Απόδοση στα πορτογαλικά: A. Muge. Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo

I. DAS TASCAS E TAVERNAS | ΤΑΒΕΡΝΕΣ ΤΟΥ FADO & ΤΟΥ ΡΕΜΠΕΤΙΚΟΥ
18. Um qualquer quê | Κάτι τις
19. Abertura da taverna | Η είσοδος της ταβέρνας
20. Τα μαγκάκια τής ταβέρνας | Os mangas da taverna

Αυτή η ενότητα παρουσιάζεται ως ζωντανή ηχογράφηση, καθώς μια tasca τού fado μετατρέπεται σε ρεμπέτικη ταβέρνα. Μας προέκυψε λόγω της εμμονής μας με μια φανταστική σκηνή στην ταβέρνα κάποιου λιμανιού, κατά τη διάρκεια κακοκαιρίας, όπου μαζεύονται τα πληρώματα των ακινητοποιημένων πλοίων, τραγουδώντας το καθένα με τη σειρά του τα δικά του τραγούδια, ώσπου τελικά όλοι μαζί τραγουδούν ἐν χορῷ. Προσπαθήσαμε ν’ αναβιώσουμε την σκηνή, με αφετηρία ένα τραγούδι τής αγάπης, σύνθεση της Αμέλιας, που προσομοιάζει στο fado. Ακολουθεί η απαραίτητη “γέφυρα”, μ’ έναν συναρπαστικό οργανικό αυτοσχεδιασμό που μας οδηγεί από το fado στο ρεμπέτικο, με τον Ricardo Parreira (πορτογαλική κιθάρα) και τον Δημήτρη Μυστακίδη (μπουζούκι), εισάγοντάς μας στο ρεμπέτικο φινάλε.

Ο Παναγιώτης Τούντας, που υπογράφει αυτό το ρεμπέτικο, το ονόμασε “Το μινόρε τής ταβέρνας (τα βλαμάκια)” (1939): η λέξη βλάμης είναι συνώνυμη της λέξης μάγκας. Εμμέσως πλην σαφώς, ο Τούντας μάς παραπέμπει στο οργανικό “Μινόρε τού τεκέ” (1932), που ο Ιωάννης Χαλκιάς (ή Jack Gregory) ηχογράφησε στις ΗΠΑ, παίζοντας στην αρχή ένα καταπληκτικό ταξίμι διαρκείας. Άρα, ο σκοπός, κατά τα φαινόμενα, είναι παραδοσιακός. Υπάρχουν ποικίλες θεωρίες για την ετυμολογία των λέξεων βλάμης και μάγκας. Ο τίτλος που επιλέξαμε ήταν “Τα μαγκάκια τής ταβέρνας”, επειδή η λέξη ίσως προέρχεται από την ιβηρική manga (μανίκι· οι παλιοί μάγκες φορούσαν μόνον το ένα μανίκι τού σακακιού τους), και συνδυάζεται ωραία με το παραδοσιακό πορτογαλικό τραγούδι “A mangar”, των ντόπιων manganões, που μοιάζουν με τους Έλληνες μάγκες.

Παναγιώτης Τούντας

Η ηχογράφηση της “Εισόδου τής ταβέρνας” στη Λισαβόνα έχει χαραχθεί ανεξίτηλα στην μνήμη μου. Είχα εξηγήσει στον Ricardo και τον Pedro Pinhal, που τον συνόδευε στη viola (κιθάρα), ότι το παίξιμό τους έπρεπε να είναι σε “κύματα”, ώστε ν’ αφήνουν “ελεύθερο” χώρο στον Δημήτρη που θα ηχογραφούσε αργότερα στη Σαλονίκη. Μετά, για να τους “φορτίσω”, τους έβαλα ν’ ακούσουν προσεκτικά το ταξίμι τού Χαλκιά ως πηγή έμπνευσης. Το αποτέλεσμα ήταν απόλυτη μαγεία: ένα από τα καλύτερα σόλο fado που άκουσα ποτέ – και μάλιστα συνδυασμένο με μπουζούκι! Επιστρέφοντας στη Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Δημήτρης προστέθηκε άψογα στο πορτογαλικό ντουέτο. Κι εν τέλει, μετέφερα το τρίο στην… ταβέρνα τού λιμανιού, για να τους απολαύσουμε να παίζουν παρέα! Αυτή είναι η μαγεία που λέγεται μοντάζ…

18. Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: F. Raposo
19. Οργανικός αυτοσχεδιασμός fado & ρεμπέτικου των Ricardo Parreira & Δημήτρη Μυστακίδη | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας
20. Παναγιώτης Τούντας | Παραδοσιακό ρεμπέτικο | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας

Κ. TÃO LONGE, TÃO PERTO | ΤΟΣΟ ΜΑΚΡΙΑ, ΤΟΣΟ ΚΟΝΤΑ
21. Dolor, ai dolor | Καημός, αχ ο καημός
22. Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει; | O teu olhar onde acaba? (στα ελληνικά)
23. O teu olhar onde acaba? | Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει; (στα πορτογαλικά)
24. Zum zum | Ζουμ ζουμ

Τα πρώτα τρία μέρη της τελευταίας ενότητας απαρτίζουν επί της ουσίας ένα ενιαίο μεγάλο τραγούδι. Η Αμέλια μου έστειλε τους στίχους όταν προσπαθούσε μάταια να με “ενεργοποιήσει” ως συνθέτη. Πέρασαν μήνες, ώσπου ονειρεύτηκα ένα βράδυ πως είχα διασκευάσει το τραγούδι της, “Arena” (από το υπέροχο CD της, Não sou daqui), ως ρεμπέτικο! Χρειάστηκε, δυστυχώς, να περάσω ώρες στο πιάνο για ν’ αντιληφθώ πως ό,τι συμβαίνει σ’ ένα όνειρο δεν σημαίνει απαραίτητα ότι μπορεί να συμβεί στην πραγματική ζωή. Και όμως, δεν ήταν σπατάλη χρόνου. Σιγά-σιγά, απομακρύνθηκα από την “Arena”, αυτοσχεδιάζοντας με διαφορετική διάθεση, που ήταν όντως τόσο ελκυστική! Ευτυχώς, ηχογράφησα την έμπνευσή μου, στέλνοντάς την στην Αμέλια, που με τη σειρά της προσάρμοσε τους στίχους της στη μελωδία μου, ενώ παράλληλα μελοποίησε την αρχική εκδοχή των στίχων της (“Καημός, αχ ο καημός”). Εγώ, πάλι, απέδωσα τους στίχους στα ελληνικά, ζητώντας από την Ελένη Τσαλιγοπούλου να ερμηνεύσει την ελληνική βερσιόν, και την Ζωή Τηγανούρια να παίξει με το ακορντεόν της, ενώ στο τέλος τής πορτογαλικής βερσιόν, η Ελένη και η Αμέλια απέδωσαν μαζί και με τρόπο μαγικό την αρχική μελωδία (Καημός). Κατά τον συνθέτη και πιανίστα Γιώργο Ανδρέου (στην παρουσίαση του Περίπλου στην Αθήνα): “Κορυφαία στιγμή συγκινησιακά για μένα (που την θεωρώ και ως κορυφαία στιγμή τού CD), είναι η παράλληλη ερμηνεία τού ίδιου τραγουδιού, ‘Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει;’, από την Ελένη Τσαλιγοπούλου στα ελληνικά, και από την Amélia Muge στα πορτογαλικά.”

Αν και η Αμέλια συνέθεσε το “Ζουμ ζουμ” ως δώρο για τα γενέθλιά μου, το τραγούδι έχει ευρύτερη σημασία. Απηχεί το “Run run se fué pa’l norte”, της Violeta Parra, για να αποτίσει φόρο τιμής στο έργο της, με ρίζες στην παράδοση της Χιλής, όπου εκφράζει την ζωή και τα προβλήματα του λαού. Ζουμ ζουμ στα πορτογαλικά σημαίνει κάποια φήμη, που περνά από τον έναν στον άλλον, από στόμα σε στόμα. Ξυπνήστε, λέει, γιατί “Όλα τα άνθη των αγρών | ή τα πουλιά τού ουρανού | μα και της θάλασσας τα ψάρια | στην πόρτα σου μαζεύονται | για να σε χαιρετήσουν, | να σου τραγουδήσουν, | ακούγεται ένα ζουμ ζουμ | που έρχεται απ’ τον νότο”… Είναι ένα είδος ιβηρικού-λατινοαμερικάνικου άσματος, που συνδέεται με “Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει;” μέσω της μελωδίας του – που εδώ αποτελεί την εισαγωγή. Η κατάληξη του “Ζουμ ζουμ” σε εννεάσημο ρυθμό αναγγέλλει την άφιξή του στην Ελλάδα – γεγονός που επικυρώνουν και τα… τζιτζίκια!

Ασημένιο δαχτυλίδι με ορειχάλκινο τζιτζίκι, εμπνευσμένο από αρχαιοελληνικό
(5ος αι. ΠΚΧ)

● Με την Αμέλια βρισκόμασταν στην Σκόπελο για διακοπές. Μια μέρα πήγαμε σε μια πολυσύχναστη παραλία, οπότε καθίσαμε στην σκιά ενός δένδρου, δίπλα στο beach bar. Ένα μεγάφωνο έπαιζε σ’ ένα κλαδί πάνω από τα κεφάλια μας. “Είναι a tempo”, είπε κάποια στιγμή η Αμελία. Βλέποντας το ερωτηματικό μου βλέμμα, εξήγησε: “Τα τζιτζίκια ηχούν ρυθμικά, κρατούν τον ρυθμό!” “Αποκλείεται!”, απάντησα. Σύντομα, όμως, αναγνώρισα πως είχε δίκιο! Τους ήταν μάλιστα πολύ εύκολο να κρατούν τον ρυθμό σε τραγούδια pop. Ένα τόσο δα προβληματάκι αντιμετώπιζαν όταν άλλαζε η ροή τού ήχου και ακουγόταν κάποιο βραζιλιάνικο τραγούδι, αλλά πολύ γρήγορα προσαρμόζονταν… Ήταν απίστευτο! ● Επιστρέφοντας στη Λισαβόνα, μου ήρθε μια τρελή ιδέα ενώ επεξεργαζόμουν το “Ζουμ ζουμ”. Άρχισα να ψάχνω ήχους τζιτζικιών στο διαδίκτυο – πρώτα στ’ αγγλικά: cicadas. Το μόνο που έβρισκα ήταν τζιτζίκια ἐν χορῷ. Περνούσα από γλώσσα σε γλώσσα (cigarras, cigales, cigalas, κλπ.), αλλά τίποτε, αδύνατο να βρω αυτό που αναζητούσα – ώσπου τελικά έψαξα για ελληνικά τζιτζίκια: υπήρχαν τα πάντα, ανάμεσά τους μεμονωμένα τζιτζίκια (ό,τι έψαχνα δηλαδή), ώστε να τα “εκπαιδεύσω” (με τη “μαγεία τού μοντάζ”) να “τερετίζουν ἐν χορῷ” μαζί με την χορωδία, κρατώντας τούς ρυθμούς τού “Ζουμ ζουμ”! Όταν τέλειωσα, φώναξα την Αμέλια και τον José Martins ν’ ακούσουν την ειδικά “εκπαιδευμένη” χορωδία των τζιτζικιών μου! Ξεκαρδιστήκαμε στα γέλια! Αυτό λοιπόν είναι το νόημα της φράσης “δείγματα εκπαιδευμένων ελληνικών τζιτζικιών”, στο βιβλιαράκι τού CD, ανάμεσα σε όλα τα άλλα που συνεισέφερα στον Περίπλου. ● Και τα τζιτζίκια δεν τερέτιζαν μόνον στον δίσκο: στο τέλος των συναυλιών μας για τον Περίπλου, το κοινό αποχωρούσε από το θέατρο ακούγοντας ελληνικά τζιτζίκια!

21. Amélia Muge | Ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας
22. Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Απόδοση στα ελληνικά & ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας
23. Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας – & Amélia Muge (finale) | Απόδοση στα ελληνικά & ενορχήστρωση: M. Λουκοβίκας
24. Amélia Muge | Amélia Muge – & Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας (εισαγωγή) | Ενορχήστρωση: J. Martins & M. Λουκοβίκας

● Βλέπε επίσης: Ο ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΑΝΔΡΕΟΥ για τον “ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥ”

PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings:
η διεθνής έκδοση του Περίπλου

ΤΟ ΠΛΗΡΩΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥ: Amélia Muge: φωνή, φωνητικά, ομιλία, κιθάρα braguesa, ηχητικά εφέ. | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας: φωνή, φωνητικά, ισοκράτημα, ομιλία, ακορντεόν, δακτυλισμοί (finger-snaps), παλαμάκια, κρουστά, δείγματα φωνών και ήχων.
Μάνος Αχαλινωτόπουλος: κλαρίνο, φωνή, φωνητικά. | Κυριάκος Γκουβέντας: βιολί, βιόλα, μαντολίνο. | Χάρης Λαμπράκης: νέυ, φλογέρα με ράμφος. | José Martins: κρουστά, synthesizer, παλαμάκια, kalimba, ηχητικά εφέ. | Ricardo Parreira: πορτογαλική κιθάρα. | António Quintino: κόντρα μπάσο. | Filipe Raposo: πιάνο, πλήκτρα, ακορντεόν. | José Salgueiro: κρουστά, παλαμάκια.

SPECIAL GUESTS: Hélia Correia, συγγραφέας: φωνή. | Ελένη Τσαλιγοπούλου, τραγουδίστρια: φωνή, φωνητικά, παιδικά τραγούδια, γέλια. | Outra Voz, χορωδία πολιτών τού Γκιμαράες: ήχοι θάλασας, νερού, ανέμου, χώρου, φωνητικά, παιδικά τραγούδια, ανάσες, ομιλία.

ΑΛΛΟΙ ΜΕΤΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ: Mariana Abrunheiro: φωνητικά. | Catarina Anacleto: φωνητικά, τσέλο. | José Barros: φωνητικά, μαντολίνο, cavaquinho, κιθάρα braguesa. | Cristina Benedita: φωνητικά. | José Manuel David: φωνή, φωνητικά, ισοκράτημα, kalimba, γκάιντα, κόρνο. | Margarida Guerreiro: αναθέματα. | Κώστας Θεοδώρου: κρουστά, κόντρα μπάσο. | André Maia: ομιλία. | Ειρήνη Μπακαλοπούλου: άρπα. | Teresa Muge: φωνή, αναθέματα. | Δημήτρης Μυστακίδης: μπουζούκι, τζουρά, ρεμπέτικη κιθάρα. | Pedro Pinhal: viola (κιθάρα) τού fado. | Ziad Rajab: ούτι. | Eduardo Salgueiro: παλαμάκια. | Ζωή Τηγανούρια: ακορντεόν. | Francisco & Sofia Van Epps: παιδικά τραγούδια, γέλια. | Rui Vaz: φωνητικά, ομιλία.

ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΟΙ: Αθήναιος (2ος αιώνας ΠΚΧ) | Άρης Αλεξάνδρου (1922 – 1979) | Hélia Correia | Natália Correia (1923 – 1993) | Κωνσταντίνος Καβάφης (1863 – 1933) | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Μεσομήδης (αρχές 2ου αιώνα ΚΧ) | Amélia Muge | Fernando Pessoa (1888 – 1935) | Σείκιλος (περί τον 1ο αιώνα ΚΧ) | Παναγιώτης Τούντας (1886 – 1942)

Οι αρχόντισσες του ρεμπέτικου, του Α. Τάσσου (1970)

PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (Chronicle)

PERIPLUS | Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (Chronicle)

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ | Ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις (Χρονικό)
/PORTUGUÊS/ PERIPLUS | Deambulações luso-gregas (Crónica)

Periplus is not a cruise. It’s an effort to construct intercultural bridges
and explore the past for the future’s sake. The voyage goes on…

Michales Loukovikas

A. DAS AUSÊNCIAS (ON ABSENCES)
1. Uma pena que me coube (A Pain That Has Fallen to My Lot)
2. Όσο βαρούν τα σίδερα | Pesado como ferro (Heavy as Iron)

Periplus, the Portuguese edition

Periplus sails out from the “Land of Absences” with “Lady Lisbon” singing a composition by Amélia Muge, a Portuguese song dedicated to Greece, a country tried in absentia, a land that the more someone is linked to, the more he misses it. It’s a “Pain of Absences”, like that of a widow’s pain, which is “Heavy as Iron”. Musically, our voyage starts with a “normal” Portuguese accompaniment – though a “strange” sound emerges: the clarino (folk clarinet) played by Manos Achalinotopoulos with the peculiar, traditional technique used by folk musicians in the Balkans and Asia Minor, combined with Ricardo Parreira’s guitarra portuguesa. ● Manos, who recorded in Athens, improvised twice on the song and I finally chose to edit separately both “takes”.

The “Luso-Hellenic Wanderings” become far more obvious in the following Cretan song marked by strong Anatolian influence. In our period of research, when we exchanged traditional material, I sent it to Amélia as an excellent example of a Cretan urban song. What followed was quite extraordinary: she answered with… an mp3, interpreting this song the way she “understood” it, adapting both its music and lyrics into Portuguese as a medieval Occidental song. I was amazed! It was as if she listened to me singing the song in some medieval royal court, and then, back at home, tried to recreate it; but in fact, what she sang was her own impression of the song, creating a variation. That’s how music mostly developed for millennia until it started being published (with sheet music and phonograph records). That’s why I arranged the song keeping these two versions together.

1. Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
2. Traditional, version of Crete | Adapted into Portuguese & as an old occidental song by A. Muge; arranged by M. Loukovikas

B. DOS CAMINHOS (ON ROUTES)
3. Caminhos de seda (Silk Routes)
4. Caminhos pentatónicos africanos (African Pentatonic Routes)
5. Caminhos pentatónicos epiróticos (Epirotic Pentatonic Routes)

After Amélia had composed this morna-like song, she challenged me: “Now take it from Cape Verde to Greece!” My answer gave me the key to continue: “But how can I take it to Greece? We have Africa in between!” And then, I thought of the pentatonic scale that mostly characterizes both the African and the Epirotic music. The die was cast! Besides, I had Harris Lambrakis to give me a hand – with his “magic flute” (ney) in hand…

Paraphrasing some of Amélia’s phrases, from either lyrics or music, as a starting point, my work on the “Pentatonic Routes” turned out to be more rational than inspirational, based on a 10-beat rhythm, vocals, and cycling melodic lines, which all worked well.

Entering Greece, I decided to combine this soundscape with the Epirotic migrant song “Ξενιτεμένο μου πουλί (My Migrant Bird)”, based on a 4-beat rhythm. And additionally, I asked Manos Achalinotópoulos, who is not only an excellent clarino player but also a wonderful singer, to interpret the song, endowing it with his fine traditional “touch”.

3. Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
4. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas & A. Muge
5. Traditional, version of Epirus | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

C. DOS CANTOS (ON SONGS)
6. Φαίνου | Deixa brilhar (Shine) / Ἐπιτάφιος | Epitáfio (Epitaph)
7. Canto em periplus (Song in Periplus)

Amélia is an old friend of Hélia Correia’s, setting lyrics of hers to music since the 90s – an excellent example is “A tentação (Temptation)”. When I first met Hélia, we were in the process of working on our Periplus. After a discussion about ancient Hellas, as she is a Hellenist and a philhellene, we started talking about our work and then I told her: “You know, Hélia, in Periplus we also have Seikilos Epitaph”. Her quite unexpected answer left me with my mouth open. She said nothing at all, but started singing in ancient Hellenic: “Ὅσον ζῇς φαίνου, | μηδὲν ὅλως σὺ λυποῦ· | πρὸς ὀλίγον ἔστι τὸ ζῆν· | τὸ τέλος ὁ χρόνος ἀπαιτεῖ.” (While you live, shine; | have no grief at all; | life exists only for a short while, | and time demands his due). That was an answer I would expect to hear from only one out of one thousand Greek musicians: the rest would know nothing (!) about the oldest extant complete song in the world, dating to ca 1st century (sometime between 200 BCE and a little after 200 CE). Later on, I told Amélia: “Seikilos must be sung by Hélia!” She did sing it wonderfully!

Amélia spotted me in the Net in 2009 thanks to my work based on Ares Alexandrou’s poetry, Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού (The Gold in the Sky), issued in Portugal as O Ouro do Céu / Ares Alexandrou por Michales Loukovikas. Disappointed by the lack of feedback and appreciation in Greece, I had decided to compose no more. Amélia tried hard to convince me otherwise. After failing repeatedly, she had a bright idea: she wrote the lyrics and composed the first part of a song, asking me to finish it. I could resist no more; I would be ungrateful. ● When I listened to her part of the composition, I was struck by its resemblance to Seikilos Epitaph. Until then, of course, Amélia also knew nothing about it. So when I arranged our “Song in Periplus”, I used Seikilos’ composition as an intro (“Shine”), as well as a citation within the canto, adapted into Portuguese by Hélia Correia: “Ó mortal, deixa brilhar, | a luz da vida no teu rosto; | que a morte vai cobrar imposto | e a todos abate, sem dó por igual.” (Mortal man, you need to shine, | having the light of life on your face; | death shall levy heavy taxes | and all men will perish without leniency).

6. Seikilos | Adapted into Portuguese by H. Correia; arranged by M. Loukovikas
7. Amélia Muge | Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

D. DAS ILHAS (ON ISLANDS)
8. Παράνομο σημείωμα | Nota ilegal (Illegal Note)
9. Calma (Calm) / Ἰθάκη | Ítaca (Ithaca)

Ares Alexandrou, Constantine Cavafy, Fernando Pessoa

Being our meeting point, Ares Alexandrou’s The Gold in the Sky is featured in Periplus with three songs, arranged by Filipe Raposo, for I wished to have some fresh approach to my compositions. I still remember quite vividly how delighted I was when I listened to Amélia for the first time singing her own adaptation into Portuguese: “I composed a fado!”, I fantasized smiling, while whistling my composition with her own ornaments…

If “Illegal Note” is a nightmarish isle of exile, Fernando Pessoa’s “Calm”, set to music by Amélia, is a dreamy island, where she inserted an excerpt from Constantine Cavafy’s “Ithaca”. There’s a chance that the two great poets met on a ship sailing to England and the USA, just before the Great Depression of 1929.

8. Ares Alexandrou | Michales Loukovikas | Adapted into Portuguese by A. Muge; arranged by F. Raposo
9. Fernando Pessoa & Constantine Cavafy | Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo

E. DAS VOZES (ON VOICES)
10. Cântico do país emerso (Ode to an Emersed Land)
11. Palavra dada (Word of Honour)

This poem (excerpt) of Natália Correia’s, set to music by Amélia, was meant to be the first track of Periplus when I arranged it (later we chose to have a “smoother” start with “A Pain That Has Fallen to My Lot”). I opted to start with a tribute to the collaboration of Carlos Paredes and Charlie Haden, with a free improvisation on Kostas Theodorou’s double bass and Ricardo Parreira’s guitarra portuguesa, adding Filipe Raposo’s piano. Besides, when Amélia played her melody for me on a keyboard, I found similarities with the first Delphic Hymn composed probably by Athenaeus ca 138 BCE. Thence, among Natália’s verses, I added three Interludes, adapting this hymn (in I and III), and Amélia’s song “Não sou daqui (I’m Not From Here”, in Interlude II), from her homonymous album (that I consider to be her masterpiece), because these are exactly the first words in the excerpt from Natália’s Cântico.

“Word of Honour”, the most complex track to arrange and edit in Periplus, began with Amélia’s fascination and experimentation with a Cretan Syrtos. The origin of this dance led me to an ancient Hellene musician, Mesomedes of Crete (2nd century CE), and his composition Ὕμνος εἰς Νέμεσιν (Hymn to Nemesis), the goddess enacting retribution against those who succumb to hubris (ὕβρις: arrogance before the gods). Starting off with the original 15-beat rhythm, we turn in the middle to the four beats of the Syrtos, adopting a version that was adapted by Ross Daly, and also combining it with Algarvian Pragas (Anathemas, Curses). As the music builds up, when Kyriakos Gouventas’ role with his violin is instrumental, we pass to a traditional Portuguese Cantiga de rega (Watering Song); and then we return to Crete for the finale that is peppered with more pragas by Amélia’s sister, Teresa Muge, and Margarida Guerreiro.

10. Natália Correia | Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas > Athenaeus (Interludes I & III); Amélia Muge (Interlude II)
11. Mesomedes (Nemesis); Cretan Traditional (Syrtos, adapted by R. Daly); Portuguese traditional & Amélia Muge (Watering Song); Amélia Muge (Pragas) | Arranged by M. Loukovikas & A. Muge

F. DOS EMBALOS (ON LULLABIES)
12. Νανούρισμα | Canção de embalar (Lullaby)
13. Dorme, dorme (Sleep, Sleep)

Starry Night, by Vincent Van Gogh

Another song on poetry by Ares Alexandrou in Periplus is “Lullaby”, adapted by Amélia into Portuguese. In its original form (The Gold in the Sky), it consisted of six parts, and resembled a dream. Here we listen to the first part of the song with additional lullabies and children’s songs in the beginning.

Connected with it is a lullaby composed by Amélia and arranged by José Martins and Filipe Raposo. The peculiar thing here is that the lullaby is sung to a girl (and not to a boy, as it is “normal” in traditional lullabies).

12. Ares Alexandrou | Michales Loukovikas | Adapted into Portuguese by A. Muge; arranged by F. Raposo (intro: A. Muge & M. Loukovikas)
13. Amélia Muge | Arranged by J. Martins & F. Raposo

G. DOS AMORES (ON LOVES)
14. Της τριανταφυλλιάς τα φύλλα | A folha da rosa (The Leaves of a Rose)
15. Da folhinha de uma rosa (The Foliage of a Rose)

A Rose in E Sharp, by Ernie Benton

When I sent this traditional love song from Asia Minor and Smyrma to Amélia, she was astonished since its lyrics are identical with a traditional Galician song she had recorded before with the local ensemble Camerata Meiga. We can’t be sure if some Greeks and Iberians had the same idea (“I’ll get dressed with the foliage of a rose”), or if it’s an idea that voyaged with sailors from one place to the other. In Periplus, I invited Ziad Rajab, my Syro-Palestinian friend, to play the oud, and sang half the Greek song, while Amélia adapted the rest into Portuguese.

In our case, the Anatolian song echoed in Galicia passing over a “bridge” in Guimarães, Portugal. This “bridge” is a simplified version of the Hellenic song (the 9-beat rhythm of the antikrystós couple dance becomes an easier 4-beat rhythm) adapted by Amélia for Outra Voz, a local choir we had a special and fruitful collaboration. I was overwhelmed with emotion, I remember, when I first listened to them singing this adaptation, which they eventually adopted as part of their repertoire. In the Galician part, guest singers join in chorus, while the Oriental and Occidental traditional themes intersect during the improvisation of the finale.

14. Traditional, version of Asia Minor & Smyrma | Adapted into Portuguese by A. Muge; arranged by M. Loukovikas
15. Traditional of Greece & Galicia | Adapted in music & lyrics by A. Muge; arranged by F. Raposo

H. DA ALMA | DE PROFUNDIS
16. Se o lamento apenas fosse (If the Lament Were Just That)
17. Τα ἔνδον ῥήματα | Os meus ditames (The Inner Dictates)

An enthralling and poignant lament composed by Amélia, starting off in Epirus, with a double traditional improvisation by Manos Achalinotópoulos on the clarino. Moreover, Amélia created the atmosphere of a Greek tragedy, accompanied by a chorus (arranged by José Martins and Filipe Raposo), using mainly the rhythm of a solemn zeibekiko. It is amazing, indeed, that she was able to compose on this peculiar 9-beat rhythm as soon as she was familiarized with it through her exposure to Hellenic culture.

“Be you a friend or an enemy, do not announce it anywhere. | I stand here as a prisoner induced by all my inner dictates.” Ares Alexandrou used this couplet as a footnote (this is its original title) or a post scriptum in his last poetry book, paraphrasing Simonides, who composed a famous epitaph–epigram for the fallen Spartans in the Battle of Thermopylae: “Oh, stranger, tell the Lacedaemonians that here | we lie obedient to their dictates.” In Periplus, Ares’ footnote is less ostinato than my original (The Gold in the Sky), but Amélia made a difference with her Erinyes-like vocalisms, extending the tragic element of the “Lament” to “The Inner Dictates”, which she adapted and recited in Portuguese.

16. Amélia Muge | Arranged by J. Martins & F. Raposo
17. Ares Alexandrou | Michales Loukovikas | Adapted into Portuguese by A. Muge; arranged by F. Raposo

I. DAS TASCAS E TAVERNAS (FADO & REBETIKO TAVERNS)
18. Um qualquer quê (Something Like That)
19. Abertura da taverna (The Entrance to the Tavern)
20. Τα μαγκάκια τής ταβέρνας (The Manges of the Tavern)

This sequence appears as a live recording of the transformation of a fado tasca into a rebetiko tavern. It’s due to our obsession by a fantastic scene in some harbour’s tavern during tempestuous weather, where the crews of stranded ships gather, each singing their own songs in turn, until eventually they all sing in chorus. We tried to revive this scene, beginning with an Amélia’s love song evocating fado. Then a necessary “bridge” followed, with a breathtaking instrumental fado and rebetiko improvisation by Ricardo Parreira (guitarra portuguesa) and Dimitris Mystakidis (bouzouki), introducing us to the rebetiko finale.

Panaiotes Tountas, who signed this rebetiko, entitled it “The Tavern Minor (Vlamákia)” (diminutive of vlames, a synonym of mangas). Indirectly but clearly, Tountas referred to the instrumental “Tekke Minor” that Iohannes Chalkiás (or Jack Gregory) recorded in the USA with a fantastic long taqsim (improvisation) in the beginning. So the tune seems to be traditional. There are several theories on the etymology of vlames and mangas. We have chosen “The Manges of the Tavern” as a title, because the word may come from the Iberian manga (sleeve; the old manges used to wear only one sleeve of their jacket), and it combines well with the traditional Portuguese song “A mangar” sung by the local manganões, who are similar to the Greek manges.

Panaiotes Tountas

The recording session in Lisbon for “The Entrance to the Tavern” has been engraved into my memory. I had explained to Ricardo and the viola (guitar) player, Pedro Pinhal, that they should play “in waves”, so as to leave “free” space for Dimitris, who would record later in Salonica. Then, in order to “charge” them, I obliged them to listen to the taqsim of Chalkiás as a source of inspiration. The result was pure magic: one of the best fado solos I’ve ever listened to – and moreover, in dialogue with a bouzouki! Back to Salonica, Dimitris added himself perfectly on the Portuguese duet. At last, I transferred the “trio” to the… harbour’s tavern, so that we could listen to them playing all together! This is the magic called editing…

18. Amélia Muge | Arranged by F. Raposo
19. Instrumental fado & rebetiko improvisation by Ricardo Parreira & Dimitris Mystakidis | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
20. Panaiotis Tountas | Traditional rebetiko | Arranged by M. Loukovikas

J. TÃO LONGE, TÃO PERTO (SO DISTANT, SO NEAR)
21. Dolor, ai dolor (Dolor, ah, Dolor)
22. Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει; | O teu olhar onde acaba?
(How Far Can Your Eyes Reach?) / Greek version
23. O teu olhar onde acaba? | Το βλέμμα σου πού να τελειώνει;
(How Far Can Your Eyes Reach?) / Portuguese version
24. Zum zum

The first three parts of the final sequence are in fact one long song. Amélia sent me the lyrics when she tried in vain to “reactivate” me as a composer. Months had passed, until I dreamed one night that I had rearranged her song “Arena” (from her wonderful album Não sou daqui) as a rebetiko! Alas, I had to spend hours on the piano before I realized that what happens in a dream doesn’t necessarily mean it can happen in real life. Yet, my time was not wasted. Gradually, I left “Arena” behind improvising in another mood that was so appealing! Luckily, I recorded it and sent it to Amélia, who in turn adapted the lyrics to my melody, and set to music her original version (“Dolor, ah, Dolor”). On my part, I adapted her lyrics into Greek, inviting Eleni Tsaligopoulou to sing the Greek version, and Zoe Tiganouria to play the accordion, while at the end of the Portuguese version, Eleni and Amélia sang “Dolor” together! According to the Greek composer and pianist, Giorgos Andreou: “A prime moment emotionally for me (which I consider to be the climax of the CD) is the parallel interpretation of the song ‘How Far Can Your Eyes Reach?’ by Eleni Tsaligopoulou in Greek and Amélia Muge in Portuguese.”

Although composed by Amélia as a gift for my birthday, “Zum zum” is more than that. It evokes Violeta Parra’s “Run run se fué pa’l norte”, as a tribute to her work, rooted in Chilean tradition and expressing the people’s lives and problems. Zum zum in Portuguese means a kind of rumour, passing from one person to another, by word of mouth. Wake up, it says, because “All the flowers in the fields | All the birds in the sky | All the fish in the sea | Are gathering at your door | To greet you and sing for you | That there is a zum zum | Coming from the South”… It is a kind of an Iberian-Latin American song, connected with “How Far Can Your Eyes Reach?” through its melody – adapted here as an intro. The conclusion of the song in a 9-beat rhythm announces the arrival of Zum zum in Greece – something that is also validated by the… cicadas!

Silver ring with a brass cicada, inspired by an ancient Greek ring from the 5th century BCE

● Amélia and I were on Skópelos, Greece, for vacation. One day we went to a crowded beach, so we sat under a tree in the shade, next to the beach bar. A loudspeaker played on a branch over our heads. “They are a tempo”, Amélia said. As she saw me puzzled, she explained: “The cicadas sound in time, keeping the rhythm!” “No way!”, I answered. But soon I admitted she was right! In fact, it was quite easy for them to follow rhythms of pop songs. They had a little problem when the stream of sound changed into some Brazilian song but they soon adapted… I was fascinated! ● Back to Lisbon, I had a crazy idea while working on “Zum zum”. I searched for cicada sounds in the Net, but what I found were cicadas in chorus. I then searched for cigarras, cigales, cigalas, but I could still not find what I was looking for – until I searched for Greek τζιτζίκια: there was a plethora of sounds, among them of lone cicadas (what I was looking for), so that they could be “trained” (through the “magic of editing”) to “sound in chorus” with the choir, keeping the rhythms of “Zum zum”! When I finished, I invited Amélia and José Martins to listen to my specially “trained” cicada choir! How we laughed! That’s the meaning of the phrase “samples of trained Greek cicadas”, mentioned in the Periplus booklet, with everything else I contributed to our work. ● And the cicadas sounded not only in the CD: at the end of our Periplus concerts, the audience left the theatre listening to Greek τζιτζίκια!

21. Amélia Muge | Arranged by M. Loukovikas
22. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas | Adapted into Greek & arranged by M. Loukovikas
23. Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas – & Amélia Muge (finale) | Adapted into Greek & arranged by M. Loukovikas
24. Amélia Muge | Amélia Muge – & Michales Loukovikas (intro) | Arranged by J. Martins & M. Loukovikas

● See also: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “PERIPLUS” | MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “PERIPLUS”

Periplus, the international edition

PERIPLUS MUSICAL TROUPE: Amélia Muge: voice, vocals, talk, guitarra braguesa, sound-effects. | Michales Loukovikas: voice, vocals, drone, talk, accordion, finger-snaps, hand-claps, percussion, samples of voices and sounds.
Manos Achalinotopoulos: clarino (folk clarinet), voice, vocals. | Kyriakos Gouventas: violin, viola, mandolin. | Harris Lambrakis: ney (oriental flute), recorder. | José Martins: percussion, synthesizer, hand-claps, kalimba, sound-effects. | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa. | António Quintino: double bass. | Filipe Raposo: piano, keyboards, accordion. | José Salgueiro: percussion, hand-claps.

SPECIAL GUESTS: Hélia Correia, writer: voice. | Eleni Tsaligopoulou, singer: voice, vocals, children’s songs, laughs. | Outra Voz, a Guimarães citizens’ choir: sounds of the sea, water, wind, space, vocals, children’s songs, respirations, talk.

OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Mariana Abrunheiro: vocals. | Catarina Anacleto: vocals, cello. | Irene Bakalopoulou: harp. | José Barros: vocals, mandolin, cavaquinho, guitarra braguesa. | Cristina Benedita: vocals. | José Manuel David: voice, vocals, drone, kalimba, bagpipe, horn. | Margarida Guerreiro: anathemas. | André Maia: talk. | Teresa Muge: voice, anathemas. | Dimitris Mystakidis: bouzouki, djura, rebetiko guitar. | Pedro Pinhal: fado viola (guitar). | Ziad Rajab: oud. | Eduardo Salgueiro: hand-claps. | Kostas Theodorou: percussion, double bass. | Zoe Tiganouria: accordion. | Francisco & Sofia Van Epps: children’s songs, laughs. | Rui Vaz: vocals, talk.

AUTHORS: Ares Alexandrou (1922 – 1979) | Athenaeus (2nd century BCE) | Constantine Cavafy (1863 – 1933) | Hélia Correia | Natália Correia (1923 – 1993) | Michales Loukovikas | Mesomedes (early 2nd century CE) | Amélia Muge | Fernando Pessoa (1888 – 1935) | Seikilos (ca 1st century CE) | Panaiotis Tountas (1886 – 1942)

The ladies of rebetiko, by A. Tassos (1970)

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

/ENGLISH/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on ARCHiPELAGOS

Archipelagos – de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas

Um projecto musical de relacionalidade e convivialidade

Maria do Rosário Pestana, Universidade de Aveiro

Instituto de Etnomusicologia – Centro de Estudos em Música e Dança

 
Cinco anos depois de PERIPLUS deambulações luso-gregas, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas apresentam um novo projeto artístico intitulado ARCHiPELAGOS Passagens. Partem do território comum que ambos construíram em 2012 com Periplus, desde logo, ao proporem uma experiência musical assente na prática cognitiva da viagem, que desconstrói a referência ao mundo, ou seja, às visões unitárias da música local/nacional. Durante os quatro anos que medeiam os dois projetos artísticos, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas desenvolveram uma extensa investigação na música, na canção, na poesia, percorrendo pontes de coexistência, de conexão entre pessoas, de alteridade, de pertencimento e de identificação pela música que os levaram a outras cartografias fora das fronteiras territoriais e étnicas que definem os espaços hegemónicos contemporâneos. Assim, nos termos da música e da poesia, Archipelagos compromete a nossa experiência com evocações de diferentes geografias, domínios linguísticos e subjetividades, num possível novo humanismo.

O sentido do termo Archipelagos é ambivalente: por um lado, remete-nos para a ideia de “mar primordial”, grande mar ou mar fundador, do étimo Arkhi-Pelagos, um espaço líquido (por isso descentrado), flutuante, de travessia e imersão; por outro lado, refere o conjunto de sequências temporais, musicais (as faixas sonoras do CD), entendidas pelos músicos tanto como “ilhas” na relação entre si, como também outros arquipélagos.

O processo criativo parte frequentemente de um conceito. Arquipélago é um desses conceitos nucleares, patente na escolha dos versos de A Terceira Miséria de Hélia Correia, de O Arquipélago de Johann Hölderlin e nas referências musicais às ilhas da Macaronésia; utopia é outro conceito central que os compositores exploram a partir de Thomas More, dialogando com A Caixa de Ares Alexandrou, com Os Meninos Perdidos de James Matthew Barrie ou com a Utopia de Zeca Afonso. O diálogo criativo estende-se às vivências e às memórias de um e de outro compositor, aos poetas e músicos que definem a sua humanidade. Essas vivências e memórias referem-se a pessoas, a vidas sociais, a outros indivíduos. Assim, trazem para este arquipélago The Hours de Fernando Pessoa, Ondas do mar de Vigo de Martín Códax, Cantar da emigração de Rosalía de Castro e José Niza, o Hino a Nikkal encontrado em Ugarit, na Síria, os poemas de Safo, ou géneros musicais como o rebético grego. Estas presenças múltiplas ligam o passado remoto ao presente, o longe ao perto, os músicos a cada um de nós ouvintes. E em cada nova sequência, ou faixa, os músicos percorrem novas ‘passagens’ através de diferentes recursos composicionais como a citação de Acordai de Fernando Lopes-Graça e José Gomes Ferreira, ou de Rema, rema lanchinha popular dos Açores, entre tantas outras, o recurso à retórica musical como acontece na mimetização das ondas do mar pelo coro composto pelo Cramol, Maria Monda e Teresa Campos, a recitação poética, a distensão do ritmo da bulería, etc. Musicalmente este espaço é construído por um manancial de referências a paisagens sonoras, canções, instrumentos musicais, sonoridades, que desafiam a perceção e o conhecimento de cada um dos ouvintes. Estas referências são feitas de “passagem” e são postas em conexão ao longo de um processo criativo em que os dois músicos participam. Parafraseando Deleuze e Guatarri em Mil Planaltos, este projecto artístico é conectável em todas as suas dimensões, desmontável, invertível, tem entradas múltiplas e pode ser percebido como uma obra de arte e como uma mediação, mas também como uma ação política, uma dimensão que irei explorar adiante.

PERIPLUS deambulações luso-gregas

Em Archipelagos, percebe-se a intenção de criar um espaço ambivalente (líquido e sólido), com múltiplos e mutantes centros, onde os músicos reagregam memórias. O arquipélago foi a metáfora escolhida pelos músicos para representar uma visão-de-mundo, o projeto (materializado no CD) e o processo de criação dos dois indivíduos músicos. Neste sentido, podemos dizer que é um conceito fundador e nuclear, como referi atrás, ao mesmo tempo que é uma metodologia de trabalho criativo que permitiu aos dois músicos construir um espaço de ação horizontal inter-individual, ou seja, inter-subjetivo.

Amélia Muge refere-se a esse processo de construção de um território de conexão que é simultaneamente de partilha e de definição da expressão individual:

Nós criámos um território comum, aquilo que era o desconhecimento do outro. No início fazíamos tudo juntos, eu ia buscar uma frase dele e juntava com ele, era tudo em conjunto. [Neste novo projeto começámos por questionar] o que é isto de continuar a fazer um trabalho com um Outro com o qual já temos um terreno comum? Curiosamente, levou a que cada um de nós percebesse que precisava de mais espaço para si. Espaço para compreender que nos tínhamos transformado com esta experiência, que tínhamos adquirido coisas. A reação, a sensibilidade que tínhamos em relação à cultura do outro também já era diferente. Eu neste vou cantar em grego antigo uma composição de Michales para fragmentos de poemas de Safo. E, curiosamente, ele diz: “A Amélia é melhor do que eu a cantar em grego antigo!”

Criado este território comum, os compositores convidaram músicos para dar som a Archipelagos. São músicos de diferentes partes do globo cujos percursos se cruzaram em projetos e vivências anteriores de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas e que agora criam novas interdependências, compromissos, conexões. Devo referir que reunir os músicos e concretizar o projecto em estúdio de gravação implicou da parte de Amélia Muge um desdobramento a solicitar apoios e fundos parcelares a diferentes instituições públicas e privadas.

Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas com António Quintino contrabaixo, Catarina Anacleto violoncelo, José Salgueiro percussão, Manuel Maio violino e bandolim, Miguel Tapadas piano, Nikos Paraoulakis ney (flauta oriental) e flauta de bisel, apresentando Periplus no Festival Músicas do Mundo, Sines.

Atrás sustentei que este projeto pode ser percebido como uma ação política. Desde 2012, com Periplus que Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas definem um espaço crítico de produção artística, resistente às produções culturais de massa homogeneizantes, às geopolíticas do conhecimento e aos seus discursos dominantes. Na verdade, como referi noutro lugar, o acolhimento que Periplus teve por parte do público, tendo sido um assunto introduzido num congresso sobre a transposição das fronteiras do conhecimento, ilustra a possibilidade do poder criador e de participação dos indivíduos músicos na construção de um Outro conhecimento, um conhecimento sensível aberto ao diálogo, à partilha, assente no valor da alteridade, na ética do respeito pelo outro. Partindo de outro mapa conceptual, Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas criam agora, em Archipelagos, um espaço sónico multicêntrico de relacionalidade e convivialidade musical, social, entre indivíduos, aberto a múltiplas focalizações.

Outubro de 2017
Maria do Rosário Pestana
etnomusicóloga

● Ver também: MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “PERIPLUS”
● Assim como: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

ARCHiPELAGOS Autores: Amélia Muge | Anónimo Hurrita | Armando Soares | Eurípides | Fernando Lopes-Graça | Fernando Pessoa | Friedrich Hölderlin | Giorgos Andreou | Giorgos Mitsakis | Hélia Correia | João de Deus | José Gomes Ferreira | José Niza | José Saramago | Ludwig van Beethoven | Manos Achalinotópoulos | Martín Codax | Michales Loukovikas | Panaiotis Tountas | Rosalía de Castro | Safo | Vasilis Tsitsanis | Violeta Parra
Núcleo: Amélia Muge: voz, braguesa, percussão | Michales Loukovikas: voz, percussão, acordeão | António Quintino: contrabaixo | Dimitris Mystakidis: guitarra, bouzouki, baglamás, tzourás | Filipe Raposo: piano, acordeão, teclados | Harris Lambrakis: ney (flauta oriental), flauta de bisel | José Salgueiro: percussão | Kyriakos Gouventas: violino, viola | Manos Achalinotópoulos: clarino (clarinete folk), voz | Maria Monda (Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma e Tânia Cardoso): trio vocal | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa
Convidados especiais: Hélia Correia e Maria José Muge: voz falada
Convidados (pro-bono): Ana Dias: harpa | Andreas Karakotas: voz | António José Martins: caixa de música, percussão | Catarina Anacleto: violoncelo, voz | Catarina Moura: voz | José Manuel David: voz | Kosmás Papadópoulos: clarinete | Kostas Hanís: vibrafone | Mariana Abrunheiro: voz | Niovi Benou: palmas | Paló: voz | Pedro Casaes: voz | Rita Maria: voz | Rui Vaz: voz | Teresa Campos: voz | Thomás Natsis: guitarra de flamenco, palmas
Em especial: Cramol, Grupo de Canto Tradicional de Mulheres da Biblioteca Operária Oeirense | Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas “Thanassis Tsipinakis” do Município de Patras | Coro de Crianças, dir. Catarina Anacleto: Santiago Fantasia, Gabriel Leite, Sophia Van Epps, Ana Pita, Marta Semblano, Patrícia Arens Teixeira

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria do Rosário Pestana: professor in the University of Aveiro, and researcher of the Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance. She developed ethnomusicological studies on musical associativism, processes of documentation of music of rural matrix and music of local expression. She coordinated the book SINGING IN ALENTEJO – the land, the past and the present (2017).

Archipelagos – by Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas

A musical project of relationality and conviviality

Maria do Rosário Pestana, University of Aveiro

Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance

 
Five years after PERIPLUS Luso-Hellenic Wanderings, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas present a new artistic project entitled ARCHiPELAGOS Passages. They start off from the common territory that they both constructed in 2012 with Periplus, proposing right away a musical experience based on the cognitive practice of voyage, which deconstructs the reference to the world, that is, the unitary visions of local/national music. During the four years that separate the two artistic projects, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas embarked on an extensive research in music, songs, poetry, crossing bridges of coexistence, of connection among people, of alterity, of belonging and identifying with the music that took them to other cartographies outside the territorial and ethnic boundaries which define contemporary hegemonic spaces. Thus, in terms of music and poetry, the CD Archipelagos commits our experience to evocations from different geographies, linguistic domains and subjectivity, in a possible new humanism.

The meaning of the term Archipelagos is ambivalent: on the one hand, it leads us to the idea of “primordial sea”, grand sea or founder sea, from the etymon Arkhi-Pelagos, a liquid space (therefore off-centre), floating, to cross and immerse; on the other hand, it refers to the set of temporal, musical sequences (the CD tracks), regarded by the musicians as both “islands” in the relationship among themselves, as well as other archipelagos.

The creative process often starts off from a concept. Archipelago is one of those nuclear concepts, evident in the choice of verses from Hélia Correia’s The Third Misery, Johann Hölderlin’s The Archipelago and in the musical references to the Macaronesian islands; utopia is another central concept that the composers explore with Thomas More as a starting point, engaging in a dialogue with Ares Alexandrou’s Mission Box, with James Matthew Barrie’s Lost Kids, or with Zeca Afonso’s Utopia. The creative dialogue extends to the experiences and memories of each one of the composers, to the poets and musicians that define their humanity. These experiences and memories refer to people, to social lives, to other individuals. Thus, they bring to this archipelago Fernando Pessoa’s The Hours, Martín Códax’s Waves of the Sea of Vigo, Rosalía de Castro and José Niza’s Singing of Emigration, the Hymn to Nikkal found in Ugarit, in Syria, Sappho’s poems, or musical genres such as the Greek rebetiko. These multiple presences connect the remote past with the present, the distant with the near, the musicians with each of us listeners. And in each new sequence, or track, the musicians cross new ‘passages’ through different compositional resources such as the quotation from Fernando Lopes-Graça and José Gomes Ferreira’s Acordai, or from the Azorian popular song Rema, rema lanchinha (Row in a row, rowing boat), among many others, the recourse to musical rhetoric as it occurs in the mimicry of sea waves by the choir constituted of Cramol, Maria Monda and Teresa Campos, the poetic recitation, the distension of the rhythm of the bulería, etc. Musically, this space is constructed by a wealth of references to soundscapes, songs, musical instruments, sonorities, which challenge the perception and knowledge of each one of the listeners. These references are made in “passing” and are posted in connection along a creative process in which the two musicians participate. To paraphrase Deleuze and Guatarri in A Thousand Plateaus, this artistic project is connectable in all its dimensions, demountable, invertible, has multiple entries and can be perceived as a work of art and as a mediation, but also as a political act, a dimension that I will shortly explore.

PERIPLUS Luso-Hellenic Wanderings

In Archipelagos, there is an intention to create an ambivalent space (liquid and solid), with multiple and mutating centres, where the musicians reassemble memories. The archipelago has been the metaphor chosen by the musicians to represent a worldview, the project (materialized on the CD) and the creation process of the two individual musicians. In this sense, we can say that it is a founding and nuclear concept, as I mentioned before, at the same time that it is a methodology of creative work that allowed the two musicians to construct a space of horizontal inter-individual action, that is, inter-subjective.

Amélia Muge refers to this process of constructing a connecting territory that is simultaneously of sharing and of defining individual expression:

We have created a common territory out of what was the ignorance of the other. In the beginning we did everything together. I would get a phrase of his and we would conclude it together, everything was done in common. [In this new project we started off asking] why should we continue working with an Other with whom we have already a common ground? Curiously, we both realized that we needed more space for each one of us. Space to understand that we had been transformed through this experience, that we had achieved something. The reaction, the sensitivity we had towards the other’s culture was also different. I am going to sing in ancient Greek a composition by Michales on fragments of Sappho’s poems. And, curiously, he says: “Amelia is better than me in singing in ancient Greek!”

Having created this common territory, the composers invited musicians to give sound to the Archipelagos. They are musicians from different parts of the globe whose paths have crossed in previous projects and performances of Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas and who are now creating new inter-dependencies, commitments, connections. I need to say that bringing together the musicians and carrying out the project in a recording studio implied on Amélia Muge’s part a parallel task of soliciting several public and private institutions for sponsorship contributing funds.

Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas with Catarina Anacleto cello, Manuel Maio violin and mandolin, Nikos Paraoulakis ney and recorder, António Quintino double bass, José Salgueiro percussion, Miguel Tapadas piano, presenting Periplus at the Festival Músicas do Mundo, Sines.

Previously, I maintained that this project can be seen as a political act. Since 2012, with Periplus, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas have defined a critical space of artistic production, resistant to homogenizing productions of mass culture, the geopolitics of knowledge and its dominant discourses. In fact, as I mentioned elsewhere, the acceptance that Periplus enjoyed by the public, being a subject-matter introduced in a congress on broadening the frontiers of knowledge, illustrates the possibility of the creative power and participation of individual musicians in the construction of Another knowledge, a sensitive knowledge open to dialogue, to sharing, based on the value of alterity, on the ethics of respect for the other. Starting off from another conceptual map, Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas now, in Archipelagos, create a multicentric sonic space of relationality and musical, social conviviality, between individuals, open to multiple focalizations.

October of 2017
Maria do Rosário Pestana
ethnomusicologist

● See also: MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “PERIPLUS”
● As well as: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”
● Or even: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

ARCHiPELAGOS Authors: Manos Achalinotópoulos | Giorgos Andreou | Ludwig van Beethoven | Rosalía de Castro | Martín Codax | Hélia Correia | João de Deus | Euripides | José Gomes Ferreira | Friedrich Hölderlin | Anonymous Hurrian | Fernando Lopes-Graça | Michales Loukovikas | Giorgos Mitsakis | Amélia Muge | José Niza | Violeta Parra | Fernando Pessoa | Sappho | José Saramago | Armando Soares | Panagiotis Tountas | Vasilis Tsitsanis
Nucleus: Amélia Muge: voice, guitarra braguesa, percussion | Michales Loukovikas: voice, accordion, sound effects | Manos Achalinotópoulos: clarino (folk clarinet), voice | Kyriakos Gouventas: violin, viola (5-string violin) | Harris Lambrakis: ney, recorder (pipes) | Maria Monda trio: Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso | Dimitris Mystakidis: guitar, bouzouki, baglamás, tzourás (the bouzouki family) | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa | António Quintino: double bass | Filipe Raposo: piano, accordion, synthesizers | José Salgueiro: percussion
Special Guests: Hélia Correia & Maria José Muge: recitation
Guests (pro-bono): Mariana Abrunheiro: voice | Catarina Anacleto: cello, voice | Niovi Benou: claps | Teresa Campos: voice | Pedro Casaes: voice | José Manuel David: voice | Ana Dias: harp | Kostas Hanís: vibraphone | Andreas Karakotas: voice | António José Martins: music box, percussion | Catarina Moura: voice | Thomás Natsis: flamenco guitar, claps | Paló: voice | Kosmás Papadópoulos: clarinet | Rita Maria: voice | Rui Vaz: voice
Plus: Cramol: female vocal group of the Workers’ Library of Oeiras | PSO: Plucked Strings Orchestra ‘Thanasis Thipinakis’ of the Patras Municipality | Children’s Choir, dir. Catarina Anacleto: Santiago Fantasia, Gabriel Leite, Sophia Van Epps, Ana Pita, Marta Semblano, Patrícia Arens Teixeira

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “PERIPLUS”

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre “PERIPLUS”

/ENGLISH/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on PERIPLUS

Maria do Rosário Pestana: Este texto foi lido no Colóquio Internacional “Espaços Literários e Territórios Críticos. Para
uma abordagem do espaço literário: geopoética e geocrítica
na transposição das fronteiras do conhecimento”, realizado
na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, entre 29
de junho e 1 de julho de 2017. Agradeço à Organização do Colóquio – Instituto de Literatura Comparada Margarida
Losa (ILCML) – o convite para participar no evento.

Música e interlocução

“Tão longe, tão perto:

PERIPLUS –

deambulações
luso-gregas”

de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas

Maria do Rosário Pestana

Universidade de Aveiro

Instituto de Etnomusicologia

– Centro de Estudos
em Música e Dança

Periplus, edição portuguesa

O projeto musical Periplus / deambulações luso-gregas foi concebido por dois músicos do sul da Europa: Amélia Muge, cantora, compositora, instrumentista, e autora de inúmeras letras, uma referência da música portuguesa desde os anos 90 do século passado; e Michales Loukovikas músico, compositor, produtor de rádio e jornalista grego. Este trabalho artístico, materializado num belíssimo fonograma, foi apresentado ao público português em 2012, nos palcos da Culturgest, do Centro Cultural Vila Flor ou do Festival Músicas do Mundo.

Periplus é um projeto exemplar do papel das artes, e da música em particular, em 2012 e no século XXI: surge num contexto cultural pautado por “valores” neoliberais, valores esses que segundo Castoriadis orientam os seres humanos “dans un mode de socialisation où coopération et communauté ne sont considérées et n’existent que sous le point de vue instrumental et utilitaire” (Castoriadis 1979, 36);(*) e no ponto alto da crise económica e financeira que assolou e fraturou a Europa em norte e sul e relegou para a periferia dos assuntos a vida social e os indivíduos.

• (*) Castoriadis, Cornelius (1979), Transformation sociale et création culturelle. Sociologie et sociétés. 111: 33–48.

Proposta para um novo dracma com Castoriadis no centro (e Sócrates no fundo à esquerda )
– só se os políticos gregos os tivessem no seu lugar e não fossem eunucos…

O acolhimento que teve por parte do público – sendo agora um conteúdo introduzido pelos organizadores deste congresso sobre geopoética e geocrítica na transposição das fronteiras do conhecimento – ilustra a possibilidade do poder criador e de participação dos indivíduos músicos na construção de um Outro conhecimento, um conhecimento sensível aberto ao diálogo, à partilha, assente no valor da alteridade, na ética do respeito pelo outro.

Periplus faz-nos imergir numa história de circum-navegação, num espaço recortado pelos mares do Mediterrâneo, do Índico, do Atlântico, atravessando territórios de memórias de viagem e também de dominação. No contexto social e político que referi, este périplo introduz um novo assunto a propósito de Portugal e da Grécia – a partilha ancestral de músicas e de conhecimentos – e propõe um novo lugar de enunciação, dando visibilidade a outra geografia relacional: o Mediterrâneo. Na verdade, a costa e o mar Mediterrâneo estão no centro da música – nos navios que o atravessaram, que dele partiram e a ele regressaram – um perímetro de comunicação e de vida social que rompe com as fronteiras territoriais e étnicas que definem os estados-nação, revelando uma outra cartografia da coexistência, da conexão entre pessoas, do pertencimento e da identificação pela música. Aliás, este projeto documenta a sustentação do etnomusicólogo Bruno Nettl de que a música expressa e interpreta relações entre pessoas, entre culturas e entre sociedades, independentemente das barreiras que as separam.

Pausa, de C. Guedez

Os músicos Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas começaram o projeto nas redes da Internet num processo de descoberta mútua, o qual passou pela revelação e partilha de canções e poesias de um e outro lado da Europa. A constatação da proximidade e o compromisso intersubjetivo deu-se imediatamente nos primeiros contactos. Michales Loukovikas diz que começaram a trocar e a pesquisar canções e poesias das tradições lusitana e helénica, portuguesa e grega, do passado e do presente. No documentário que podemos ver e ouvir neste site, Amélia Muge referiu: “o que me impressionou muito foi o trabalho [O Ouro do Céu] baseado na poesia do grego Ares Alexandrou: uma poesia imediatamente ligada ao espaço e ao lugar, feita uma parte durante o fim da 2ª guerra mundial, nos campos de concentração da Líbia e uma segunda parte nas ilhas do exílio”. O espaço, a viagem, mas também o tempo, começaram a desenhar a visão de mundo que une estes dois indivíduos músicos e que culminaria em Periplus.

Periplus, edição internacional

Atrás referi que este projeto é exemplar. Defendo que é exemplar na medida em que proporciona uma experiência assente numa prática cognitiva de viagem, que abre uma possibilidade em rutura com o paradigma do mundo atual, desconstruindo criticamente tanto as visões unitárias da música local/nacional – a referência ao mundo – como as visões relativistas ‘pós-modernas’ que indiferenciam as produções musicais e culturais.

Periplus espelha bem a dimensão dialogante, interlocutória e transformadora da música. Por exemplo, em “Dos Caminhos”, percorrendo as rotas da escala pentatónica, os músicos seguem trilhos em África e desenham itinerários em Epiro, num discurso musical em constante transformação. Nessa cartografia as rotas dos caminheiros são densificadas pelo cruzamento com os caminhos do tempo: o longo passado de convivialidade entre grupos, de conexão entre pessoas, de partilha e tensão de conhecimentos e valores.

A cicládica “frigideira” usada
na capa do Periplus

A ideia de transformação autónoma e crítica aparece em inúmeras metáforas musicais e visuais ao longo deste projeto, desconstruindo as conceções unitárias da música e da cultura. Essa ideia é representada também visualmente no disco, com a imagem do fundo de uma frigideira de barro onde se fazia o pão (como metáfora de um neo-humanismo?), que faz parte de um acervo arqueológico. Os círculos concêntricos, trabalhados pela designer Cristiana Serejo transformam-se adquirindo outras formas, inclusive humanas.

Em “Palavra dada” os músicos encontraram na partilha de um mesmo ritmo um ponto de partida e também uma conexão entre duas línguas e diferentes conceitos de justiça e de usos da palavra seja para punir ou salvar, para fazer crescer ou honrar: pragas algarvias, a canção da rega, o hino a Némesis (deusa que personifica o destino e também a vingança divina), a dança cretense Syrtós. Os músicos entrelaçaram estas canções – tão divergentes nos conhecimentos de mundo que veiculam – de modo crítico e autónomo, realçando a conexão de um elemento comum: a palavra. Neste sentido, podemos dizer que a prática destes músicos – a música que fazem em Periplus – define uma geopoética, na acepção de Bertrand Westphal. Considero que este conceito é nuclear do projeto artístico Periplus e que se estende a outras dimensões, sempre críticas. No depoimento que ouvimos, Michales Loukovikas descreveu a surpresa que teve ao encontrar pontos de conexão, proximidades, entre uma canção cretense e uma canção portuguesa, tendo, a partir daí, construído uma história musical dessa canção da idade média aos nossos dias.

Epitáfio de Seikilos

A ideia de pontes, de conexão estende-se a domínios da música como o da chamada música culta – do primeiro documento escrito de música de que há memória, o epitáfio de Seikilos – da música folclórica, da música de intervenção com Zeca Afonso, etc. Esse princípio aplica-se ao tempo passado/presente: também o passado não é neste projeto musical uma determinação que priva estes indivíduos músicos da liberdade de construir o seu presente e pensar o seu futuro. As tradições, os documentos históricos que testemunham as viagens cantadas e tocadas neste disco, são assumidos de modo crítico e emancipado, enunciando passo a passo um Outro passado, aberto à partilha e conexão intersubjetiva, rompendo tanto com a atomização dos indivíduos nos seus egoísmos narcisistas, como com a sua redução a massas ou a coletivos estereotipados. O projeto musical Periplus oferece a cada um de nós essa visão crítica e comprometida através de uma experiência de conexão cultural e musical, nas relações históricas, na valorização da diferença, na horizontalidade das participações e aberta a quem se dispuser a ouvir e a deixar-se mobilizar.

● Ver também: GIORGOS ANDREOU sobre “PERIPLUS”

TROUPE MUSICAL do PERIPLUS: Amélia Muge: voz, guitarra braguesa, coros, fala, sons de ambiente. | Michales Loukovikas: voz, coros, fala, amostras de vozes e sons, estalos, percussão, acordeão, palmas.
António Quintino: contrabaixo. | Filipe Raposo: piano, teclados, acordeão. | Harris Lambrakis: ney (flauta oriental), flauta de bisel. | José Martins: percussão, kalimba, sintetizador, sons, palmas. | José Salgueiro: percussão, palmas. | Kyriakos Gouventas: violin, viola, bandolim. | Manos Achalinotopoulos: clarino (clarinete folk), voz, coros. | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa.

CONVIDADOS ESPECIAIS: Eleni Tsaligopoulou, cantora: lengalengas, risos, coros, voz. | Hélia Correia, escritora: voz. | Outra Voz, coro dos cidadãos de Guimarães: sons de água, de vento, de mar, de ambiente, coros, lengalengas, respirações, falas.

OUTROS PARTICIPANTES: André Maia: fala. | Catarina Anacleto: violoncelo, coros. | Cristina Benedita: coros. | Dimitris Mystakidis: bouzouki, djurá, guitarra de rebético. | Eduardo Salgueiro: palmas. | Francisco e Sofia Van Epps: lengalengas, risos. | Irene Bakalopoulou: harpa. | José Barros: bandolim, cavaquinho, guitarra braguesa, coros. | José Manuel David: kalimba, voz, trompa, gaita, coros. | Kostas Theodorou: contrabaixo, percussão. | Mariana Abrunheiro: coros. | Margarida Guerreiro: pragas. | Pedro Pinhal: viola de fado. | Rui Vaz: fala, coros. | Teresa Muge: voz, pragas. | Ziad Rajab: oud. | Zoe Tiganouria: acordeão.

La Justice et la Vengeance divine poursuivant le Crime (A Justiça e a Vingança divina [Némesis] perseguindo o Crime, de Pierre Paul Prud’hon (1808)

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “PERIPLUS”

MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA on “PERIPLUS”

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA DO ROSÁRIO PESTANA sobre PERIPLUS

Maria do Rosário Pestana: professor in the University of Aveiro, and researcher of the Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance. She developed ethnomusicological studies on musical associativism, processes of documentation of music of rural matrix and music of local expression. She coordinated the book SINGING IN ALENTEJO – the land, the past and the present (2017).

Music and Dialogue

“So Distant, so Near:

PERIPLUS

Luso-Hellenic Wanderings”

by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas

Maria do Rosário Pestana

University of Aveiro

Institute of Ethnomusicology – Centre of Studies on Music and Dance

● Speech at the International Colloquium “Literary Spaces and Critical Territories. Towards an Approach to Literary Space: Geopoetics and Geocriticism on Broadening the Frontiers of Knowledge”, organized by the Institute of Comparative Literature Margarida Losa (ILCML) at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Porto (June 29 to July 1, 2017).

Periplus, the Portuguese edition

The musical project Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings was conceived by two musicians from southern Europe: Amélia Muge, singer, composer, instrumentalist and author of countless lyrics, a reference in Portuguese music since the 1990s; and Michales Loukovikas, musician, composer, radio producer and journalist in Greece. This artistic work, materialized in a most beautiful phonogram, was presented to the Portuguese public in 2012, on the stages of Culturgest (Lisbon), Centro Cultural Vila Flor (Guimarães), or Festival Músicas do Mundo (Sines).

Periplus is an exemplary project on the role of the arts, and music in particular, in 2012 and in the 21st century: it emerged in a cultural context ruled by neoliberal “values”, values that, according to Castoriadis, orient human beings “dans un mode de socialisation où coopération et communauté ne sont considérées et n’existent que sous le point de vue instrumental et utilitaire” (“in a mode of socialization where cooperation and community are considered and exist only from an instrumental and utilitarian point of view”; Castoriadis, 1979, 36);(*) and at the peak of the economic and financial crisis that devastated and fractured Europe into North and South and relegated social life and the individuals to the periphery of public affairs.

• (*) Castoriadis, Cornelius (1979), Transformation sociale et création culturelle. Sociologie et sociétés. 111: 33–48.

New Drachma proposal with Castoriadis in the centre (and Socrates in the background left)
– if only Hellas had politicians with guts and not eunuchs…

The public’s reception of Periplus – being now a subject-matter introduced by the organizers of this congress on geopoetics and geocriticism on broadening the frontiers of knowledge – illustrates the possibility of the creative power and participation of individual musicians in the construction of Another knowledge, a sensitive knowledge open to dialogue, to sharing, based on the value of alterity, on the ethics of respect for the other.

Periplus makes us immerse in a history of circumnavigation, in a space delineated by the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, crossing territories of memories of voyages and also of domination. In the social and political context that I mentioned, this periplus introduces a new approach regarding Portugal and Greece – the ancestral sharing of music and knowledge – and proposes a new place of enunciation, giving visibility to another relational geography: the Mediterranean. In fact, the Mediterranean Coast and Sea are at the centre of music – on the ships that crossed her, departed and returned to her – a perimeter of communication and social life that breaks with the territorial and ethnic borders which define nation-states, revealing another cartography of coexistence, of connection among people, of belonging and identifying through music. Moreover, this project documents the ethnomusicologist Bruno Nettl’s argument that music expresses and interprets relationships among people, among cultures and among societies, regardless of the barriers that separate them.

An abstract musical painting by C. Guedez

The musicians Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas started the project on the Internet network in a process of mutual discovery, which involved the acquaintance and sharing of songs and poetry from both sides of Europe. The verification of proximity and the intersubjective commitment took place immediately in the first contacts. As Michales Loukovikas says, they started exchanging and exploring songs and poetry of the Lusitanic and Hellenic, the Portuguese and Greek traditions, past and present. In the documentary that we can watch and listen to in the web, Amélia Muge says: “what impressed me a lot was the work [The Gold in the Sky] based on the Greek poet Ares Alexandrou’s poetry: a poetry immediately linked to space and place, done in part at the end of World War II, in [British] concentration camps in Libya, and in another part on the [Greek] islands of exile”. Space, voyage, but also time, gradually shaped the worldview that these two musicians share, culminating in Periplus.

Periplus, the international edition

I already mentioned that this project is exemplary. I argue that it is exemplary in that it provides an experience based on a cognitive practice of voyage, which opens up a possibility in contrast with the paradigm of the current world, critically deconstructing both the unitary views of local/ national music – a reference to the world – as well as the ‘postmodern’ relativistic views that undifferentiate musical and cultural productions.

Periplus mirrors well the dialogical, interlocutory and transformative dimension of music. For example, in “On Routes”, wandering on the pentatonic scale routes, the musicians follow trails in Africa and plan itineraries in Epirus, in a musical discourse in constant transformation. In this cartography the wayfarers’ routes are densified crossing the routes of time: the long past of conviviality among groups, of connection among people, of sharing and tension of knowledge and values.

The Cycladic “frying pan” used for the Periplus cover

The idea of autonomous and critical transformation appears in countless musical and visual metaphors throughout this project, deconstructing the unitary conceptions of music and culture. This idea is also represented visually on the disc, with the image of the bottom of a clay frying pan where bread was made (as a metaphor for neo-humanism?), which is part of an archaeological collection. The concentric circles, worked by the designer Cristiana Serejo, are transformed acquiring other forms, including human ones.

In “Word of Honour”, sharing the same rhythm, the musicians found a starting point and also a connection between two languages and different concepts of justice and uses of the word, to either punish or save, to grow or honour: Algarvian Anathemas, the Watering Song, the Hymn to Nemesis (the goddess who personifies destiny and also divine revenge), the Cretan dance Syrtos. The musicians intertwined these songs – so divergent in the knowledge of the world they convey – in a critical and autonomous way, enhancing the connection of a common element: the word. In this sense, we can say that the practice of these musicians – the music they made in Periplus – defined a geopoetics, in Bertrand Westphal’s meaning. I believe that this concept is central in the artistic project Periplus and that it extends to other dimensions, always critical. In his testimony, Michales Loukovikas described his surprise when he found connection points, proximities, between a Cretan song and a Portuguese song, and thenceforth he constructed a musical history of that song from the Middle Ages to our days.

Seikilos Epitaph: engraved on a stele, it’s the oldest extant complete musical composition in the world.

The idea of bridges, of connection, extends to areas of music such as the so-called erudite music – of the first written document of music in memory, the Seikilos Epitaph – of folk music, of protest songs by Zeca Afonso, etc. This principle applies to the past/present time: the past in this musical project, as well, is not a determination that deprives these individual musicians of the freedom to construct their present and think about their future. Traditions, historical documents that testify to the voyages sung and played in this disc, are taken over in a critical and emancipated way, enunciating step by step Another past, open to sharing and intersubjective connection, breaking with both the atomization of individuals in their narcissistic egoisms, and with their reduction to masses or to stereotyped collectives. The musical project Periplus offers each one of us this critical and committed vision through an experience of cultural and musical connection, in historical relationships, in the appreciation of difference, in the horizontality of participations and open to anyone willing to listen and let oneself be mobilized.

● This text was read at the International Colloquium “Literary Spaces and Critical Territories. Towards an Approach to Literary Space: Geopoetics and Geocriticism on Broadening the Frontiers of Knowledge”, at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Porto between June 29 and July 1, 2017. I thank the Organization
of the Colloquium for the invitation to participate in the event.
(Maria do Rosário Pestana)

● See also: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “PERIPLUS”

PERIPLUS MUSICAL TROUPE: Amélia Muge: voice, vocals, guitarra braguesa, talk, sound-effects. | Michales Loukovikas: voice, vocals, accordion, finger-snaps, hand-claps, percussion, drone, talk, samples of voices and sounds.
Manos Achalinotopoulos: clarino (folk clarinet), voice, vocals. | Kyriakos Gouventas: violin, viola, mandolin. | Harris Lambrakis: ney (oriental flute), recorder. | José Martins: percussion, synthesizer, hand-claps, kalimba, sound-effects. | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa. | António Quintino: double bass. | Filipe Raposo: piano, keyboards, accordion. | José Salgueiro: percussion, hand-claps.

SPECIAL GUESTS: Hélia Correia, writer: voice. | Eleni Tsaligopoulou, singer: voice, vocals, children’s songs, laughs. | Outra Voz, a Guimarães citizens’ choir: sounds of the sea, water, wind, space, vocals, children’s songs, respirations, talk.

OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Mariana Abrunheiro: vocals. | Catarina Anacleto: vocals, cello. | Irene Bakalopoulou: harp. | José Barros: vocals, mandolin, cavaquinho, guitarra braguesa. | Cristina Benedita: vocals. | José Manuel David: voice, vocals, drone, kalimba, bagpipe, horn. | Margarida Guerreiro: anathemas. | André Maia: talk. | Teresa Muge: voice, anathemas. | Dimitris Mystakidis: bouzouki, djura, rebetiko guitar. | Pedro Pinhal: fado viola (guitar). | Ziad Rajab: oud. | Eduardo Salgueiro: hand-claps. | Kostas Theodorou: percussion, double bass. | Zoe Tiganouria: accordion. | Francisco & Sofia Van Epps: children’s songs, laughs. | Rui Vaz: vocals, talk.

Justice and Divine Vengeance [Nemesis] Pursuing Crime, by Pierre Paul Prud’hon (1808)

ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι

ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο “ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι”

Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας

/PORTUGUÊS/ INTRODUÇÃO a ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens
/ENGLISH/ INTRODUCTION to ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages

ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens: Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo, ανθρωπολόγος και μουσικός

● Ευχαριστώ τη διευθύντρια της Galeria Porto Oriental, Δρα Ana Maria Abrantes, που μου ζήτησε να κάνω αυτήν τη σύντομη εισαγωγή στο “ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι”, της Amélia Muge και του Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, που αποτελεί συνέχεια ενός άλλου έργου, το οποίο κυκλοφόρησε πριν από επτά χρόνια με τίτλο “ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ / ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις”.

● Θα επιθυμούσα κατ’ αρχάς να συγχαρώ τους δυο δημιουργούς:

• για την επιλογή αυτών των δύο βασικών εννοιών που προσδιορίζονται άριστα στο έργο·

• κι επίσης για την ποιότητα της επιλογής και της ερμηνείας τής μουσικής και της ποίησης, που τόσο ωραία δίνουν τον καλλιτεχνικό τόνο τού ανθρωπολογικού χρόνου, όταν άρχισε η δημιουργία τού έργου το 2016: ένδεια, νοσταλγία, χωρίς θεούς, αγανάκτηση, τα παιδιά που χάθηκαν, η κόπωση του είναι, κλπ.

● Θα μπορούσαμε να παρουσιάσουμε το έργο με τη συμπυκνωμένη φράση τού António José Martins ως “καλλιτεχνικό εγχείρημα ενός πιθανού ιστορικού ταξιδιού δια μέσου τής πολιτισμικής κληρονομιάς τού ανθρώπου τής Μεσογείου”.

● Τι σημαίνουν αυτά τα λόγια για μένα που είμαι ανθρωπολόγος;

• Πρώτον. Αποτελούν για μένα πρόκληση να κάνω την εθνογραφία της κρίσης που, από το 2008-2009, συνεπάγεται την εφαρμογή δημοσίων πολιτικών οικονομικής- χρηματοπιστωτικής λιτότητας στην Ελλάδα και την Πορτογαλία. Δεν πρόκειται να μιλήσω γι’ αυτήν τώρα. Όλοι, ως Ευρωπαίοι πολίτες, την γνωρίζουμε, καθώς και τις συνέπειές της. Αυτή η κρίση υπήρξε το αντικείμενο κειμένων που έχω ήδη δημοσιεύσει.

• Δεύτερον. Με συναρπάζει η εικονική αφετηρία αυτού του έργου: οι δημιουργοί του συναντιούνται αρχικά στην θάλασσα του διαδικτύου, ώστε να ξανοιχτούν στη “mare nostrum”, που προσδιορίζουν ως “κλειστή θάλασσα, αλλ’ ανοιχτή στην κοινή μας κληρονομιά, σε διάλογο με τους πολιτισμούς τής Μαύρης και Ερυθράς θάλασσας, του Ατλαντικού και Ινδικού ωκεανού”, στις ομοιότητες και διαφορές τους.

• Τρίτον. Μου φανερώνουν τις διαδικασίες με τις οποίες αρθρώθηκε το έργο: εκείνες ενός “ταξιδιού εντός μας” ώστε ν’ “ανακαλύψουμε τον εαυτό μας” σε αυτό το “θαλασσινό ταξίδι” εντός τής Μεσογείου. Και πώς πραγματοποιήθηκε το “ταξίδι εντός μας” σ’ ένα τέτοιο πλαίσιο; Μέσω ποιών “αλληλεπιδράσεων”, ποιών “καναλιών επικοινωνίας”, ποιών “γεφυρών”;

• Τέταρτον. Με οδηγούν σε μιαν απάντηση: μέσω της “πυξίδας τού Αρχιπελάγους” – από την ποίηση της Σαπφώς, της Hélia Correia και του Hölderlin, τη μουσική τού Ludwig van Beethoven, το χορικό τού Ευριπίδη, τον χουρριτικό Ύμνο στη Νικάλ των 3500 ετών, το Acordai! (Ξυπνήστε!) των José Gomes Ferreira και Fernando Lopes-Graça, την τραγωδία των προσφύγων – καταλήγουμε στα μυθικά νησιά τής Ιθάκης, της Ουτοπίας, ή της Χώρας τού Ποτέ και, στην άλλη πλευρά τής Μεσογείου, διασχίζοντας τις Ηράκλειες Στήλες (Γιβραλτάρ), στα αρχιπελάγη τής Μακαρονησίας (Μαδέρα και Αζόρες, Κανάρια και Πράσινο Ακρωτήρι).

• Τέλος. Μου προκύπτουν τα ακόλουθα ερωτήματα:

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo

1. Είναι δυνατόν να ενωθούμε όντως με τον Άλλον, ή θα υπάρχει πάντοτε μια “άβυσσος” ανάμεσά μας, που θα καθιστά “οποιαδήποτε σχέση μια διέξοδο κινδύνου” (A. Muge);

2. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη αυτό το όμορφο κι επίπονο έργο, με αφετηρία την mare Internet και κατεύθυνση την καλλιτεχνική ιστορία της mare nostrum, πού βρίσκεται η πραγματικότητα του “ανθρώπου τής Μεσογείου”; Ή, ευρύτερα: Τι είναι πραγματικότητα; ή: τι είναι πραγματικό;

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo
Galeria Porto Oriental / 22 Νοέμβρη 2019

● Βλέπε επίσης: Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το “ARCHiPELAGOS”
● Καθώς και: Ο ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΑΝΔΡΕΟΥ για το “ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ”

INTRODUCTION to ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages

INTRODUCTION to “ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/PORTUGUÊS/ INTRODUÇÃO a ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: Amélia Muge & Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo, anthropologist and musician

● I feel obliged to thank the Galeria Porto Oriental Director, Dr Ana Maria Abrantes, who invited me to make this short introduction to “ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages” by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, presented as a continuation of another project, made seven years ago: “PERIPLUS / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings”.

● I would like to start expressing my congratulations to the two artists:

• For selecting these two key concepts of the project that they defined very well;

• And also for the quality of the choices and interpretation of the music and poems that so well give the artistic tone of the anthropological time, which triggered the project in 2016: Indigence, Nostalgia, Without Gods, Indignation, Lost Kids, Weariness of Being, etc.

● We can present it through António José Martins’ concise phrase as an “artistic endeavour of a possible historical voyage across the cultural heritage of the Mediterranean human being”.

● What do these words mean for me, as an anthropologist?

• First of all. They challenge me to make the ethnography of the crisis that since 2008-2009 entailed the application of public economic-financial austerity policies to Greece and Portugal. I’m not going to talk about it now. All of us as European citizens know it, as well as its consequences. This crisis has already been the subject of texts I have published.

• Secondly. I am intrigued by the virtual starting point of this project: the artists start by meeting on the Internet Sea to launch themselves onto “Mare Nostrum” they define as a “closed sea, but open to our common heritage, in dialogue with the cultures of the Black and Red Seas, of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans”, in their similarities and differences.

• Thirdly. They reveal to me the processes by which this project was interwoven: from an “inner voyage” to “discover ourselves” in this “open sea voyage”, in the context of the Mediterranean. And how did this “inner voyage” took place in such a context? Through what “interactions”, what “channels of communication”, what “bridges”?

• Fourthly. They lead me to an answer: with the “project’s compass” – made of Sappho’s, Hélia Correia’s and Hölderlin’s poetry, and Ludwig van Beethoven’s music, of Euripides’ chorus, of the 3500-years-old Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal, of Acordai!, by José Gomes Ferreira and Fernando Lopes-Graça, of the refugees’ tragedy – we arrive at the mythical islands of Ithaca, Utopia or Neverland and, across the Mediterranean, sailing through the Pillars of Heracles (Gibraltar), to the archipelagos of Macaronesia (Madeira and the Azores, the Canaries and Cape Verde).

• Lastly. They make me ask the following questions:

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo

1. Is it possible for us to unite in fact with the Other or will there always be an “abyss” between us that makes “any relationship an emergency passage” (A. Muge)?

2. Faced with this beautiful and meticulous project that starts in Mare Internet in the direction of the artistic history of Mare Nostrum, where is the reality of the “Mediterranean human being”? Or, more broadly: What is reality, or: what is real?

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo
Galeria Porto Oriental / November 22, 2019

 

● See also: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”
● As well as: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

INTRODUÇÃO a ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens

INTRODUÇÃO a “ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ENGLISH/ INTRODUCTION to ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ στο ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ / δίαυλοι

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens: Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo, antropólogo e músico

● O meu agradecimento à Directora da Galeria Porto Oriental, Dra Ana Maria Abrantes, pelo convite a fazer esta pequena introdução a “ARCHiPELAGOS / passagens” de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas que nos é apresentado como uma continuação de um outro projecto, realizado sete anos antes: o “PERIPLUS / deambulações luso-gregas”.

● Desejo começar por expressar as minhas felicitações a eles:

• Pela escolha destes dois conceitos-chave do projecto, muito bem definidos no projecto;

• E também pela qualidade da escolha e da interpretação das músicas e dos poemas que tão bem dão o tónus artístico do tempo antropológico que desencadeou o projecto a partir de 2016: a indigência, a nostalgia, sem deuses, a indignação, os meninos perdidos, o cansaço do ser, etc.

● Podíamos apresentá-lo, nas palavras sintéticas de António José Martins, como uma “tentativa artística de uma possível viagem histórica pela herança cultural do ser humano mediterrânico”.

● O que é que estas palavras significam para mim, como antropólogo?

Que, para mim:

• Em primeiro lugar. Me desafiam a fazer a etnografia da crise que a partir de 2008-2009 implicou a aplicação de políticas públicas de austeridade económico-financeiras para a Grécia e para Portugal. Não vou aqui falar dela. Todos nós, como cidadãos europeus, a conhecemos e as suas consequências. Essa crise, foi já objecto de textos que publiquei.

• Em segundo lugar. Me interpelam pelo ponto de partida virtual deste projecto: os seus autores começam por se encontrar no mare da internet para se lançarem no mare nostrum que definem como “mar fechado, mas aberto à nossa herança comum, em diálogo com as culturas dos mares Negro e Vermelho, dos oceanos Atlântico e Índico”, nas suas semelhanças e nas suas diferenças.

• Em terceiro lugar. Me revelam os processos pelos quais foram entretecendo este projecto: os de uma “viagem interior” à “descoberta de si”, nesta “viagem em mar aberto” no contexto do mediterrâneo. E como foi acontecendo esta “viagem interior” em tal contexto? Através de que “interacções”, de que “canais de comunicação”, de que “pontes”?

• Em quarto lugar: Me levam à resposta: com a “bussola do projecto” – feito da poesia de Safo, de Hélia Correia e de Hölderlin, da música de Ludwig van Beethoven, do coro de Eurípides, do Hino Hurrita a Nikkal com 3500 anos, do Acordai! de José Gomes Ferreira e Fernando Lopes-Graça, da tragédia dos refugiados – aporta-se às míticas ilhas de Ítaca, à Utopia ou Terra do Nunca e, do outro lado do mediterrâneo, atravessando os Pilares de Hércules (Gibraltar), aos arquipélagos da Macaronésia (Madeira e Açores, Canárias e Cabo Verde).

• Em último lugar. Me suscitam as seguintes interrogações:

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo

1. É possível unirmo-nos na realidade ao Outro ou haverá sempre um “abismo” (A. Muge) entre nós que torna “qualquer relação com ele uma passagem de emergência” (A. Muge)?

2. Perante este belo e dorido projecto que começa no mare da internet em direcção à história artística do mare nostrum, onde fica a realidade do “ser humano mediterrânico”? Ou, dum modo mais abrangente: O que é a realidade, ou: o que é o real?

Henrique Luís Gomes de Araújo
Galeria Porto Oriental / 22 Novembro 2019

 

● Ver também: MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre ARCHiPELAGOS
/ENGLISH/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria Graciete Besse: Πορτογαλίδα-Γαλλίδα συγγραφέας, ποιήτρια και καθηγήτρια

 
Συνάφεια στην πράξη
 

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages (Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι), Amélia Muge & Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας, Periplus (Περίπλους)

Maria Graciete Besse, ομότιμη καθηγήτρια, Université de Paris IV – Σορβόννη

mariagraciete7@aol.com

Ο στοχασμός τού αρχιπελάγους είναι στοχασμός δόνησης, μη προκατάληψης, αλλ’ επίσης δεκτικότητας και κοινοποίησης.

Édouard Glissant

 
Δημιουργός, ερμηνεύτρια και συνθέτρια, η Amélia Muge είναι πολύ γνωστή στο πορτογαλικό πολιτιστικό παρόραμα για την ωραιότητα των στίχων της και των μουσικών της συνθέσεων. Γεννήθηκε στη Μοζαμβίκη κι εγκαταστάθηκε στην Πορτογαλία το 1984. Ο πρώτος της δίσκος, με τίτλο Múgica, κυκλοφόρησε το 1992, και ακολούθησε το Todos os dias μετά από δυο χρόνια. Κατά την καριέρα της, η Amélia Muge συνεργάστηκε τακτικά με τον José Mário Branco, τον Fausto, κ.ά., και της απονεμήθηκε το σπουδαίο βραβείο Zeca Afonso το 1995 για το Maio maduro Maio (από κοινού με τους José Mário Branco και João Afonso). Της ξαναδόθηκε το βραβείο αυτό το 1998 για το album Taco a Taco, κι ακολούθησαν άλλοι δίσκοι (A Monte, 2000; Não sou daqui, 2007), καθώς και πληθώρα συμμετοχών σε εθνικά και διεθνή φεστιβάλ. Στις μέρες μας, η δημιουργός συνεχίζει τις συνεργασίες με διάφορους ερμηνευτές, συνθέτοντας και για διάσημους τραγουδιστές τού fado, όπως τους Mísia, Camané, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, και πολλούς άλλους.

Το 2009, η Amélia Muge γνωρίστηκε με τον Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, ερμηνευτή, συνθέτη και οργανοπαίκτη, καταγόμενο από την Θράκη, ειδικό σχετικά με τη σύγχρονη ελληνική μουσική, ιδίως το ρεμπέτικο.¹ Η συνάντηση αυτή, υπό την αιγίδα τού Internet, αποδείχθηκε αμέσως καρποφόρα και συγκεκριμενοποιήθηκε σε διάφορα πρότζεκτ και στην έκδοση τριών δίσκων: ένα CD-βιβλίο στα πορτογαλικά και ελληνικά (2011), που εκθειάζει το έργο τού ποιητή Άρη Αλεξάνδρου, αναπτύσσοντας περαιτέρω μια προηγούμενη δουλειά τού Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, με τίτλο Το Χρυσάφι τ’ Ουρανού· κατόπιν ο Περίπλους / ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις (Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings, 2012), που θεωρήθηκε στην Πορτογαλία ως ένας από τους καλύτερους δίσκους τής χρονιάς· και πιο πρόσφατα, το Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι (Archipelagos / Passages, 2018), που περιλαμβάνει ένα CD κι ένα eBook (ηλεκτρονικό βιβλίο), όπου μας αποκαλύπτεται μια μουσική και ποιητική περιπέτεια καθώς ξετυλίγεται μεταξύ Πορτογαλίας και Ελλάδας, αλλ’ ανοιχτή στον απέραντο κόσμο. Σε αυτήν τη δουλειά, οι δυο καλλιτέχνες εκθειάζουν το θέμα τού ταξιδιού διαμέσου διαφορετικών πολιτισμών και τοπίων, σε χρόνο πολλαπλό και χώρο ποικίλο – Πορτογαλία, Ελλάδα, Μακαρονησία, Νότια Αμερική, τα νησιά τής ουτοπίας –, προτείνοντάς μας μια ματιά που διασταυρώνεται, προικισμένη μ’ έναν πρωτότυπο ήχο που προεκτείνει τις συναρπαστικές ελληνοπορτογαλικές περιηγήσεις τού Περίπλου, προσφέροντάς μας τώρα κάποιους διαύλους οι οποίοι μας οδηγούν πέρα από τις περιπλανήσεις σε νέες διαστάσεις τής φαντασίας.

• ¹ Είδος λαϊκού τραγουδιού που το χαρακτηρίζει η μουσική κληρονομιά τής Κωνσταντινούπολης και της Σμύρνης, το οποίο αναπτύχθηκε κυρίως στη δεκαετία τού 1920, ως συνέπεια των προσφυγικών κυμάτων από τη Μικρά Ασία.

Προικισμένος με εξαιρετική λογοτεχνική και μουσική ποιότητα, ο δίσκος Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι απαρτίζεται από 28 διαδρομές σε 10 ξεχωριστές νησιωτικές ενότητες, αποτελώντας ένα έργο στη μορφή αρχιπελάγους. Ο όρος αυτός, όπως αποσαφηνίζεται στο eBook (Αρχιπαιδεία) που συνοδεύει το CD (με κείμενα στα πορτογαλικά, αγγλικά και ελληνικά), παραπέμπει σε μια έννοια που επικρατούσε στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, προσδιορίζοντας το Αιγαίο πέλαγος, υποδηλώνοντας κατόπιν τα Νησιά τού Αιγαίου, και τέλος, οποιαδήποτε συστάδα νήσων. Όμως η ιδέα τού αρχιπελάγους παρουσιάζει εξαιρετική πυκνότητα ποιητικών συνειρμών, καθώς συνδυάζεται, στο δυτικό συλλογικό φαντασιακό, με ουτοπίες περασμένων αιώνων όπου το νησί εμφανίζεται ως απομονωμένο. Μιλώντας περί αρχιπελάγους, ανακαλούμε την αρχαία κουλτούρα και, μετά από τον Hölderlin, όλον εκείνον τον ελληνικό, οικουμενικό και αθάνατο πολιτισμικό πλούτο. Κατά τον Saint-John Perse (1887-1975), έναν άλλο μεγάλο ποιητή που γοητεύτηκε από το νησιωτικό σύμπαν, πίσω από την φωτεινή οθόνη τού μεσογειακού χώρου, υπάρχει ένα ατμοσφαιρικό περιβάλλον και μια ψυχολογική βάση γονιμοποιημένη με αρχαία ιστορία και πολιτισμό. Και με αυτήν τη μαγική διάσταση αρχίζει ο δίσκος των Amelia Muge και Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, με την προσαρμογή ενός ποιήματος του Hölderlin.

Édouard Glissant, της Jennifer Dionisio

Στο επίκεντρο του λογοτεχνικού και μουσικού σύμπαντος που προσφέρει αυτή η δουλειά, μπορούμε άνετα να εντοπίσουμε την παραδειγματική ιδέα τής Συνάφειας, που ανέπτυξε ο Γάλλος ποιητής, συγγραφέας και φιλόσοφος Édouard Glissant (1928-2011), προτείνοντας μια ριζωματική ποιητική ανοιχτή στο Διαφορετικό στη συμβολή μεταξύ τόπου και κόσμου.² Αναφορικά με τη διασταύρωση διαφορετικών πολιτισμών, η Συνάφεια αντανακλά έναν στοχασμό τού αρχιπελάγους, όπου τα νησιά δεν σηματοδοτούν πλέον την απομόνωση, καθώς ξανοίγονται στον όλον κόσμο, δηλαδή σε μια δύναμη που ακτινοβολεί, αντικρούοντας την ολοκληρωτική ιδέα τού αποκλεισμού και της μισαλλοδοξίας.³ Παρά τις γεωγραφικές και πολιτισμικές διαφορές, θεωρούμε πως στο Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι υπάρχουν όντως απηχήσεις τού έργου αυτού του μεγάλου ποιητή τής Καραϊβικής, πρωτίστως στην αίσθηση μιας πορείας, μιας διαδρομής και μιας διασταύρωσης, που βρίσκονται στη βάση ενός στοχασμού ο οποίος απορρίπτει το όραμα ενός κλειστού, ενιαίου κόσμου, για να μας προτείνει τη διεγερτική παρουσία τού Διαφορετικού, που χαρακτηρίζεται από την ιδέα της κίνησης. Όμως, όπως έχει τονίσει επανειλημμένα ο Édouard Glissant, Συνάφεια δεν σημαίνει κάποιο συγκεχυμένο και άτακτο μίγμα πολιτισμών, στον βαθμό που το Διαφορετικό κατανοεί τις διαφορές οι οποίες υφίστανται, αλληλοπροσαρμόζονται, εναρμονίζονται. Κατά τον ποιητή, η Συνάφεια έχει αρχιπελαγική διάσταση, ανοιχτή στη δίοδο και τον όλον κόσμο, αντίληψη που επιτρέπει τη σύλληψη όχι μόνον της πολιτικής, αλλά και της ταυτότητας, της ηθικής, της γλώσσας και των διαφορετικών τρόπων στοχασμού. Κατά την άποψη του Glissant, το σχήμα τού στοχασμού τού αρχιπελάγους δεν οδηγεί στην αντίληψη μιας περιοχής οριοθετημένης κατά τα ευρωπαϊκά πρότυπα, επειδή το αρχιπέλαγος είναι ασυνεχές, αποκεντρωμένο. Με αυτήν την προοπτική, ο ποιητής-φιλόσοφος διακρίνει:

● τον ευρωπαϊκό στοχασμό που ταυτίζεται με το σύστημα, αλαζονικό, στηριγμένο στην αιτιώδη λογική που μπορεί να οδηγήσει στον πόλεμο·

● και τον στοχασμό τού αρχιπελάγους, που είναι ένας άλλος τρόπος στοχασμού, πιο διαισθητικός, πιο ευαίσθητος, ριζωματικός, συνδυασμένος με το απρόβλεπτο του χαοτικού κόσμου, νεολογισμός που χαρακτηρίζει όχι την αταξία μα το απρόβλεπτο.⁴

Η Ημέρα του Θεού, του Paul Gauguin

• ² Κατά τον Édouard Glissant, η Συνάφεια είναι οτιδήποτε “συνάπτεται”. Poétique de la Relation. Poétique III, Παρίσι, Gallimard, 1990, σελ. 187.

• ³ Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-monde. Poétique IV, Παρίσι, Gallimard, 1997.

• ⁴ Κατά τον Édouard Glissant, η αντίληψη του “χαοτικού κόσμου είναι καλά προσδιορισμένη: πρόκειται για ένα πολιτισμικό μίγμα, που δεν περιορίζεται απλώς σ’ ένα χωνευτήρι, χάρη στο οποίο πραγματώνεται σήμερα ο κόσμος όλος.” Introdução a uma poética da diversidade, σε μετάφραση Enilce do Carmo A. Rocha, Juiz de Fora, Εκδόσεις UFJF, 2005, σελ. 98.

Κατά τον Glissant, ο στοχασμός τού αρχιπελάγους είναι και στοχασμός δόνησης, που ταιριάζει με την περιπλάνηση και ξανοίγεται στο μέλλον. Έτσι, το ρίγος, η δόνηση, είναι ό,τι αντικρούει τον στυγνό, μονοσήμαντο στοχασμό τού εαυτού μας χωρίς τον Άλλον, γράφει ο ποιητής, υπογραμμίζοντας ότι χρειάζεται να ριγούμε, επειδή ασφυκτιούμε εν μέσω συστημικών και αλαζονικών σκέψεων. Να προσθέσουμε πως χρειαζόμαστε, ολοένα και περισσότερο, χώρους επιφανείων, σαν και αυτούς που μας δίνουν για ν’ ακούσουμε οι Amélia Muge και Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας σε αυτόν τον δίσκο, ο οποίος φιλοτεχνεί αρχιπελάγη πρωτοïδωμένα, κινητοποιεί μικτές κουλτούρες, απευθυνόμενος σε μια δυναμική απρόβλεπτων υποκειμενοποιήσεων που δηλώνουν ένα βλέμμα, μια φωνή, μια ανάσα, μια παράδοση που διατρέχουν πολλαπλοί δίαυλοι, ρευστές και δονούμενες αναμνήσεις, ώστε να στοχαστούμε την περιπλοκότητα του κόσμου, καλώντας μας επίσης να φανταστούμε τη Συνάντηση και να καλλιεργήσουμε την ελπίδα πέρα από κάθε μορφής ουτοπία.

Σουρρεαλιστική ενόραση του Αϊτινού ζωγράφου Vanex Florestant

Κατά τον Glissant, όπως και κατά την Amélia Muge και τον Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, το τοπίο δεν είναι απλώς ένα σενάριο αλλά ένας ενεργός χαρακτήρας στην Ιστορία. Χάρη στην ποιητική τής Συνάφειας, ένα μέρος τής φύσης, όπως το βλέπει το ανθρώπινο μάτι, δηλαδή ένα τοπίο που επιλέξαμε σύμφωνα με υποκειμενικές, συγκινησιακές και συναισθηματικές παραμέτρους, δεν υπάρχει μόνο σε οριζόντια προοπτική, αλλά παρουσιάζει κι ένα κάθετο βάθος που μας παρακινεί σε αναστοχασμό. Έτσι, ο πρώτος θεματικός άξονας του δίσκου προτάσσει μια σειρά τοπία που παραπέμπουν στην ωραιότητα της Ελλάδας τραγουδισμένη από τον Hölderlin, σε συνάρτηση με σπαράγματα του Ορέστη, της τραγωδίας τού Ευριπίδη, που συνέθεσε το 408 π.Χ., απηχώντας πόνο, με μια ερμηνεία στ’ αρχαία ελληνικά από τον Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα και τον χορό. Κατόπιν εντοπίζουμε την παρουσία δυο διαφορετικών μουσικών κόσμων: τον χουρριτικό Ύμνο στη Νικάλ, που ανάγεται στο 1400 π.Χ. – ανεσκάφη στη Συρία στη δεκαετία τού 1950, στον αρχαιολογικό χώρο τής Ουγκαρίτ – και το Acordai (Ξυπνήστε), ένα ποίημα του José Gomes Ferreira, μελοποιημένο από τον Fernando Lopes-Graça στη δεκαετία τού 1940. Η ενότητα αρχίζει ως νανούρισμα που εκτείνεται από την αρχαιότητα ως τις μέρες μας για να αφυπνίσει την ευαισθησία και την ευφυΐα μας, κι επιβάλλεται ως τραγούδι διαμαρτυρίας. Παράλληλα με τη λογοτεχνική έρευνα γι’ αυτό το σημαντικό μουσικό έργο, μπορούμε να μιλήσουμε για μια ηθική και πολιτική διάσταση με την ευγενέστερη σημασία τού όρου.

Ο Ορέστης σκοτώνοντας τον Αίγισθο και την Κλυταιμνήστρα, ανάγλυφο σε σαρκοφάγο (±150 ΚΧ)

Ο δίσκος αρχίζει με μια φωνή σοφίας που απαγγέλει τους στίχους τού Hölderlin (η μητέρα τής Amélia, στα 98 της) και τελειώνει με μια παιδική χορωδία, διαγράφοντας ένα δρομολόγιο που προεκτείνεται στο μέλλον.

Ο δίσκος Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι μας προσκαλεί σ’ ένα ταξίδι σε πραγματικούς και φανταστικούς κόσμους, προτείνοντάς μας μια γεωγραφική, λογοτεχνική και πολιτισμική ρότα που συγκαλεί φωνές τόσο διαφορετικές όπως της Σαπφώς, του Ευριπίδη, του Hölderlin, του Pessoa, του José Gomes Ferreira, του Saramago, ή ακόμη της Hélia Correia, που βρίσκεται στο επίκεντρο όλου του CD. Αξιοσημείωτο είναι επίσης ότι ο δίσκος αρχίζει με μια φωνή σοφίας που απαγγέλει τους στίχους τού Hölderlin (η μητέρα τής Amélia, στα 98 της) και τελειώνει με μια παιδική χορωδία, διαγράφοντας έτσι ένα δρομολόγιο που προεκτείνεται στο μέλλον. Ο αρχαίος κόσμος και ο χώρος τής Μεσογείου, της κλειστής θάλασσας, ξανοίγονται στον Ατλαντικό και αναμιγνύονται με το σύμπαν τής Μακαρονησίας, που εισάγεται μ’ ένα παραδοσιακό τραγούδι των Καναρίων, σε συνδυασμό μ’ ένα τραγούδι των Αζορών και με ρυθμούς τού Πράσινου Ακρωτηρίου, αποτίοντας φόρο τιμής με ωραίο τρόπο στην Cesária Évora.

Cesária Évora, του Sersun

Παρατηρούμε επιπλέον πως όλην αυτήν τη δουλειά διατρέχει ένα θεμελιώδες ερώτημα του Hölderlin, που επικαλείται η Hélia Correia: “Άραγε τι χρησιμεύουν οι ποιητές μας στης ένδειας τις εποχές;” Αυτό το ερώτημα, γεμάτο μελαγχολία, που έθεσε το 1800 ο Γερμανός ρομαντικός ποιητής, υπογραμμίζει τη διάψευση των προσδοκιών όλων εκείνων που είδαν τα φώτα τής Γαλλικής Επανάστασης να σβήνουν με την τρομοκρατία. Ο Hölderlin, πάντως, δεν απευθύνεται ακριβώς σε όσους απομυθοποίησαν την Ιστορία, αλλά στους “εγκαταλελειμμένους από τον Θεό”, επιφέροντας την πνευματική πτώση, την έκλειψη της υπέρβασης. Καλό είναι, όμως, να θυμόμαστε πως, μετά από τρία χρόνια, ανέκυψε η απάντηση σε αυτό το ερώτημα, όταν ο Hölderlin υπογράμμισε τον ρόλο και την ευθύνη τού καλλιτέχνη, δηλώνοντας πως “οι ποιητές εδραίωσαν ό,τι κρατά στον χρόνο”. Στα μέσα τού 20ού αιώνα, ο Adorno, επικαλούμενος το έγκλημα κατά της ανθρωπότητας, αποφάνθηκε ότι θα ήταν βαρβαρότητα να γράφει κανείς ποίηση μετά από το Auschwitz. Όμως, η ποίηση κράτησε στον χρόνο, όπως ξέρουμε, και όπως καταδεικνύεται στη δουλειά τής Amélia Muge και του Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, που εκθειάζει λέξεις προερχόμενες από ποικίλους πολιτισμικούς ορίζοντες, θυμίζοντάς μας ότι το ερώτημα του Hölderlin μπορεί να τεθεί και πάλι στις μέρες μας, λόγω της απώλειας πολλών αξιών που άπτονται του σύγχρονου κόσμου.

Μαρμάρινο άγαλμα του Οδυσσέα που βρήκαν σφουγγαράδες στο ναυάγιο των Αντικυθήρων, μαζί με άλλα αγάλματα, νομίσματα και ποικίλα τέχνεργα (4ος-1ος αι. ΠΚΧ), καθώς και τον μηχανισμό των Αντικυθήρων, τον αρχαιότερο γνωστό αναλογικό υπολογιστή.

Ο δίσκος Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι, λοιπόν, εκθειάζει ένα πολλαπλό τοπίο, διασταυρώνει μνήμες, εγκαινιάζει έναν διάλογο με την γραπτή και προφορική παράδοση, μεταφράζει τον ρυθμό γλωσσών (πορτογαλικής, ελληνικής, ισπανικής, αγγλικής, κρεολικής), μας κάνει ν’ ακούμε την ανάσα που αποκαλύπτει την αρμονία, τον πόνο και τη βία τής Ιστορίας – είναι αξιοσημείωτο ότι σε μια από τις ωραιότερες ενότητες του δίσκου, η Amélia Muge βυθίζεται κυριολεκτικά στην μνήμη των λέξεων και τραγουδά Σαπφώ στ’ αρχαία ελληνικά, προσκαλώντας μας να ταξιδέψουμε στον χρόνο και να βρεθούμε αντιμέτωποι με τον πειρασμό τής σιωπής, προτού να επικαλεστεί ένα αγγλικό ποίημα του Fernando Pessoa, εμμένοντας στον ρυθμό των ωρών, δείχνοντας πως ο χρόνος μάs οδηγεί σε ό,τι ο Glissant αποκάλεσε χαοτικό κόσμο, όπου αντιμετωπίζουμε τον κλονισμό των επαφών, τις αναμίξεις πραγματικοτήτων πολύ διαφορετικών, τις ταυτότητες και τις κουλτούρες που αλληλοσχετίζονται, χωρίς να χάνουν κάτι από την πρωτοτυπία τους. Αυτός ο χαοτικός κόσμος κυριαρχείται από τη Μάγισσα Θάλασσα που αποδίδει στα ελληνικά ένας άλλος συνεργάτης τού CD, ο Ανδρέας Καρακότας, επικαλούμενος ένα απόσπασμα από τον προαναφερθέντα χουρριτικό Ύμνο στη Νικάλ και οδηγώντας μας σε μιαν Οδύσσεια, όπου ο Οδυσσέας βρίσκεται καθ’ οδόν από το νησί του, μετά από ένα μεγάλο ταξίδι σε άγνωστους τόπους. “Η Ιθάκη ήταν το παν”, λέει το ποίημα, αλλά δεν υπάρχει πια. Ο Οδυσσέας μεταμορφώθηκε σε αλλοδαπό με τη μορφή ενός ζητιάνου, ενός πρόσφυγα – ίσως θα λέγαμε σήμερα –, ενός μετανάστη, που η Ευρώπη προσβάλλει, αφήνοντάς τον να πεθάνει σε αυτό το τεράστιο νεκροταφείο που λέγεται Μεσόγειος. Μπαίνοντας σ’ έναν νέο θεματικό άξονα του δίσκου, βλέπουμε την αντιπαράθεση ουτοπίας και δυστοπίας, όπου περιλαμβάνεται και το απρόβλεπτο, που δεν αποκλείει τις περιπλανήσεις και μερικές φορές τον θάνατο, όπως συμβαίνει με τον Νικόλα τον ψαρά, που ερμηνεύει ο Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας – τον ψαρά που περιμένει η μητέρα του, καθώς δεν ξέρει πως ο γιος της πνίγηκε στην θάλασσα.

Σχεδία της Μέδουσας, του Théodore Géricault (1818-19). Το ναυάγιο σόκαρε τους πάντες μια και θύματά του ήταν Ευρωπαίοι· ενέπνευσε ένα ορατόριο (Hans Werner Henze) και μια ταινία (Iradj Azimi). Τώρα που αυτά τα ναυάγια αφορούν μη Ευρωπαίους, κατάντησαν ρουτίνα…

Η ποιητική και μουσική ρότα, πάντως, ξανοίγεται στο όραμα μιας ουτοπίας, παραπέμποντας στο περίφημο νησί που επινόησε ο Thomas More το 1516, οι ρίζες τού οποίου φτάνουν ως τον Αριστοτέλη και τον Πλάτωνα. Η ουτοπία, όπως ξέρουμε, αντιπροσωπεύει κάτι τέλειο, αδιαχώριστο από τον επιδιωκόμενο σκοπό. Το πολιτικό νόημα της ουτοπίας σχετίζεται με κάποια φανταστική διακυβέρνηση που είναι αδύνατον να επιτευχθεί. Ο μετασχηματισμός τής ουτοπίας σε δυστοπία αποκαλύπτει έναν μελαγχολικό τροπισμό σχετικά με τον τρόπο που απεικονίζουμε τον χρόνο και την Ιστορία τη σημαδεμένη από την καταστροφή, όπου το όνειρο μπορεί να μετασχηματιστεί σε εφιάλτη (αυτήν την καταστροφή για την οποία μίλησε στις αρχές τής δεκαετίας τού 1930 ο Walter Benjamin, ο Γερμανοεβραίος φιλόσοφος, διαισθανόμενος την φρίκη τού Ολοκαυτώματος), ή στα παιδιά που χάθηκαν, που αποδίδει η Amélia Muge, σε μιαν ωραία προσαρμογή ενός παραδοσιακού θρακιώτικου ρυθμού, διασκευασμένου από τους António José Martins και Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα.

Το ερώτημα που έθεσε ο Hölderlin (“Άραγε τι χρησιμεύουν οι ποιητές μας στης ένδειας τις εποχές;”), μπαίνει πλέον επιτακτικά, σαν λιτανεία, όταν διατυπώνεται με την φωνή τής Hélia Correia καθώς επικαλείται τον χαμό τής Ελλάδας, που την εγκατέλειψαν όλοι οι θεοί (κυρίως οι θεοί των Οικονομικών στην περίοδο της πρόσφατης κρίσης). Ο δυστοπικός εφιάλτης αποδίδεται με τη μουσική τού Beethoven, για την ακρίβεια την 2η κίνηση της Τρίτης Συμφωνίας, το Πένθιμο εμβατήριο, σε προσαρμογή τού Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, για να εκφράσει ό,τι η Hélia Correia περιγράφει στην Τρίτη Αθλιότητα (τίτλο ενός εξαίρετου βιβλίου ποίησης).⁵ Η “τρίτη αθλιότητα”, στην οποίαν αναφέρεται η Hélia Correia, είναι “κείνων που πια δεν ακούνε, δεν ρωτούνε… δεν θυμούνται”, και ανταποκρίνεται στην αποκτήνωση του κόσμου όπου ζούμε, που κατοικείται από ίσκιους, αυτού του κόσμου που έχει χάσει κάθε αίσθηση φιλοξενίας – Μιλάμε για ίσκιους είναι ο εύστοχος τίτλος αυτού τραγουδιού σε μια από τις ωραιότερες ενότητες του CD.

• ⁵ Hélia Correia, A Terceira Miséria, Λισαβόνα, Relógio d’Água, 2012 (έχοντας τον Παρθενώνα στο εξώφυλλο).

Ο επόμενος θεματικός άξονας αυτής της δουλειάς ασχολείται εν τέλει με το θέμα της ξενιτιάς με τη νοσταλγία που τροφοδοτεί το τραγούδι τού μετανάστη (Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης) όπου ακούμε απόηχους άλλων πολύ γνωστών σκοπών, την φωνή τής Violeta Parra, ή τους στίχους τής Rosalía de Castro, μελοποιημένους από τον José Niza κι ερμηνευμένους από τον Adriano Correia de Oliveira.

Καθώς ακούμε όλο αυτό το album, βλέπουμε πως η Συνάφεια παρουσιάζεται ως κάτι δυναμικό που αποκαλύπτει τον κόσμο στην μετάβασή του ανάμεσα στο εσωτερικό κι εξωτερικό, υποκειμενικό και αντικειμενικό, κοντινό και μακρινό. Αυτή η Συνάφεια, όπως διαβεβαιώνει ο Édouard Glissant, είναι μια γνώση με την έννοια του γνώθι σαυτόν μα και τους άλλους, όταν ο καλλιτέχνης ξανοίγεται στο δράμα τού κόσμου, αλλ’ επίσης μπορεί να σηματοδοτεί ένα σύμπαν που κάποιες φορές περιλαμβάνει και την ευθυμία – Alegria είναι ο τίτλος ποιήματος του José Saramago, που προσάρμοσαν η Amélia Muge και ο António José Martins, βάσει μιας σύνθεσης κι ενορχήστρωσης του Γιώργου Ανδρέου.

Το ποιητικό και μουσικό ταξίδι συγκλίνει τελικά σ’ ένα εγκώμιο της θάλασσας, έναν τόπο συνάντησης για να ξαναθυμηθούμε μια περίφημη cantiga de amigo (τραγούδι τού φίλου) του Martín Codax, Κύματα μύρια τού πελάγου / Κύματα της θάλασσας του Vigo, που ερμηνεύουν ο Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας (στα ελληνικά) και η Amélia Muge (στα πορτογαλικά), με μια ρεμπέτικη μελωδία τού Παναγιώτη Τούντα – μια μουσική κατ’ εξοχήν τής Συνάφειας. Η τελευταία ενότητα του δίσκου Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι προεκτείνεται στο μέλλον καθώς, όπως τραγουδά η Amélia Muge, “πάντα υπάρχει άλλο πλοίο να ’ρθείς” και “όλα είναι πιθανά”.

Promenade à Utopia, του Igor Bitman

Αυτή η αξιόλογη δουλειά τής Amélia Muge και του Μιχάλη Λουκοβίκα, να επιβεβαιώσουμε εν κατακλείδι, δεν αποσκοπεί στο να παρουσιάσει έναν στατικό κόσμο τυποποιημένης γνώσης, αλλά ξανοίγεται σ’ ένα σύμπαν σχέσεων και πιθανών αποκαλύψεων. Έτσι ανακαλύπτουμε τον κόσμο στην απρόβλεπτη ποικιλία του μέσω ενός ταξιδιού που διαρθρώνεται σε πολλαπλά δρομολόγια τα οποία διέρχονται από τόπους ζωντανούς στην μνήμη μας, χαράζοντας μια πορεία που παρακολουθεί τα δράματα της σύγχρονης δημοκρατίας, αλλά και το διαρκώς ανανεούμενο θαύμα τής ζωής, του μεγαλείου ενός τοπίου, του ρίγους τής ελπίδας. Το album επεξεργάζεται μια διαρκή Συνάφεια μεταξύ τού υποκειμένου, του κόσμου, της ποιητικής και μουσικής γραφής, της ουτοπίας και δυστοπίας, αντιστοιχώντας σε κάποιαν εμβληματική ρότα που μας οδηγεί να ξεπεράσουμε όλα τα σύνορα, όλα τα τείχη, να σχεδιάσουμε μιαν αρχιπελαγική νησιωτική γεωποιητική σαν κολιέ νησιών που “πάντοτε θα μας καλεί”, όπως ακούμε στο τελευταίο μέρος τού δίσκου. Για όλους αυτούς τους λόγους, θεωρούμε πως το Αρχιπέλαγος / Δίαυλοι αντανακλά υπέροχα την γκλισάντια ιδέα τής Συνάφειας, τροφοδοτούμενη από την κινητικότητα και τους διαύλους, που περιλαμβάνουν την αποκέντρωση, το ρίγος, τη δεκτικότητα στο Πολλαπλό και το Διαφορετικό, αλλά και μια πρόσκληση για έναν ηθικό και πολιτικό αναστοχασμό που μας προβάλλει σ’ ένα εφικτό μέλλον, και ο οποίος πρέπει να πάρει υπόψη τη γενναιοδωρία μιας φαντασίας ικανής να μετασχηματίσει τον κόσμο.

● Παρουσίαση του ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages στο Παρίσι, Fondation
Calouste Gulbenkian – Délégation en France, 7 Νοέμβρη 2018.
● Δημοσιεύτηκε στο Limite, Revista de Estudios Portugueses y de la
Lusofonía, Universidad de Extremadura, vol 12.2 / 2018.
● Απόδοση στα ελληνικά: Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας

● Βλέπε επίσης: Ο ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΑΝΔΡΕΟΥ για το “ΑΡΧΙΠΕΛΑΓΟΣ”
● καθώς και: Ο ΓΙΩΡΓΟΣ ΑΝΔΡΕΟΥ για τον “ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥ”

ARCHiPELAGOS Οι δημιουργοί: Γιώργος Ανδρέου | Μάνος Αχαλινωτόπουλος | Ludwig van Beethoven | Rosalía de Castro | Martín Codax | Hélia Correia | João de Deus | Ευριπίδης | José Gomes Ferreira | Friedrich Hölderlin | Fernando Lopes-Graça | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας | Γιώργος Μητσάκης | Amélia Muge | José Niza | Violeta Parra | Fernando Pessoa | Σαπφώ | José Saramago | Armando Soares | Παναγιώτης Τούντας | Βασίλης Τσιτσάνης | Ανώνυμος Χουρρίτης
Πυρήνας: Amélia Muge: φωνή, κιθάρα braguesa, κρουστά | Μιχάλης Λουκοβίκας: φωνή, ακορντεόν, ηχητικά εφέ | Μάνος Αχαλινωτόπουλος: κλαρίνο, φωνή | Κυριάκος Γκουβέντας: βιολί, βιόλα (5χορδο βιολί) | Χάρης Λαμπράκης: νέυ, φλογέρα με ράμφος | Maria Monda τρίο: Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso | Δημήτρης Μυστακίδης: κιθάρα, μπουζούκι, μπαγλαμά, τζουρά | Ricardo Parreira: πορτογαλική κιθάρα | António Quintino: κόντρα μπάσο | Filipe Raposo: πιάνο, ακορντεόν, συνθετητές | José Salgueiro: κρουστά
Special Guests: Hélia Correia & Maria José Muge: απαγγελία
Guests (αφιλοκερδώς προσφερθέντες): Mariana Abrunheiro: φωνή | Catarina Anacleto: τσέλο, φωνή | Teresa Campos: φωνή | Pedro Casaes: φωνή | José Manuel David: φωνή | Ana Dias: άρπα | Ανδρέας Καρακότας: φωνή | António José Martins: μουσικό κουτί, κρουστά | Catarina Moura: φωνή | Νιόβη Μπένου: παλαμάκια | Θωμάς Νάτσης: κιθάρα flamenco, παλαμάκια | Paló: φωνή | Κοσμάς Παπαδόπουλος: κλαρινέτο | Rita Maria: φωνή | Rui Vaz: φωνή | Κώστας Χανής: βιμπράφωνο
Επιπροσθέτως: Cramol, γυναικεία χορωδία τής Εργατικής Βιβλιοθήκης τής Oeiras | Ορχήστρα Νυκτών Εγχόρδων ‘Θανάσης Τσιπινάκης’ Δήμου Πατρέων | Παιδική χορωδία, διεύθ. Catarina Anacleto: Santiago Fantasia, Gabriel Leite, Sophia Van Epps, Ana Pita, Marta Semblano, Patrícia Arens Teixeira

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/ENGLISH/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on ARCHiPELAGOS
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria Graciete Besse: escritora e poetisa luso-francesa

 
Uma prática da Relação
 

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens, de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Maria Graciete Besse, Professeur émérite, Université de Paris IV – La Sorbonne

mariagraciete7@aol.com

Todo o pensamento arquipélago é pensamento do tremor, da não-presunção, mas também da abertura e da partilha.

Édouard Glissant

 

Autora, cantora e compositora, Amélia Muge é bem conhecida no panorama cultural português, pela beleza dos seus textos e composições musicais. Natural de Moçambique, a artista chegou a Portugal em 1984. O seu primeiro disco, intitulado Mugica, foi divulgado em 1992, seguido de Todos os dias (1994). Ao longo da sua carreira, Amélia Muge tem colaborado regularmente com José Mário Branco, Fausto, entre outros, e obteve em 1995 o prestigioso prémio Zeca Afonso com Maio maduro Maio (partilhado com José Mário Branco e João Afonso). De novo, este prémio foi-lhe atribuído em 1998, pelo álbum Taco a Taco, seguindo-se outros discos (A Monte, 2000; Não sou daqui, 2007) e numerosas participações em festivais nacionais e internacionais. Na actualidade, a autora continua a colaborar com diversos cantores, compondo também para fadistas bem conhecidos como Mísia, Camané, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, entre muitos outros.

Em 2009, Amélia Muge conheceu Michales Loukovikas, cantor, compositor e instrumentista, originário da Trácia e especialista de música grega contemporânea, em particular do Rebético.¹ Este encontro, sob os auspícios da Internet, revelou-se imediatamente fecundo pois concretizou-se em diversos projectos e na publicação de três discos: um CD-livro em português e em grego (2011), que celebra a obra do poeta Ares Alexandrou, desenvolvendo um trabalho precedente de Michales Loukovikas, intitulado O Ouro do Céu; em seguida surge Periplus / Deambulações luso-gregas (2012), considerado em Portugal como um dos melhores discos do ano; e mais recentemente Archipelagos / Passagens (2018), que inclui um CD e um eBook, onde descobrimos uma aventura musical e poética que se desenrola entre Portugal e a Grécia, mas que se abre também a um mundo mais vasto. Neste trabalho, os dois artistas celebram a temática da viagem através de diferentes culturas e paisagens, num tempo múltiplo e num espaço variado – Portugal, a Grécia, a Macaronésia, a América do Sul, as ilhas da utopia –, para nos propôr um olhar cruzado, dotado de uma sonoridade original que prolonga as fascinantes deambulações luso-gregas de Periplus, de forma a oferecer-nos agora algumas passagens que nos conduzem para além da errância, até novas dimensões do imaginário.

• ¹ Forma popular marcada pela herança musical de Istambul (Constantinopla) e de Esmirna, que se desenvolve sobretudo nos anos 1920, na sequência das vagas de refugiados da Ásia Menor.

Dotado de uma grande qualidade literária e musical, Archipelagos / Passagens é composto por 28 rotas, distribuídas em 10 sequências-ilhas distintas, apresentando-se como uma obra em forma de arquipélago. Este termo, explicitado no eBook (Archipédia) que acompanha o CD (com textos em português, inglês e grego), remete para o sentido que vigorava na Grécia antiga em que o arquipélago designava o mar Egeu, passando mais tarde a significar o conjunto de ilhas do Egeu e finalmente, qualquer agrupamento de ilhas. Mas o conceito de arquipélago apresenta uma grande densidade de conotações poéticas, sendo tributário, no imaginário colectivo ocidental, das utopias dos séculos passados em que a ilha aparecia isolada. Quando falamos de arquipélago, podemos também evocar a cultura antiga e, depois de Hölderlin, toda a riqueza cultural helénica, universal e imortal. Para Saint-John Perse (1887-1975), outro grande poeta fascinado pelo universo insular, por detrás do écran luminoso do espaço mediterrânico, existe um ambiente atmosférico e uma base psicológica, impregnada de história e de civilização antiga. É com esta dimensão encantatória que abre o disco de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, a partir da adaptação de um poema de Hölderlin.

Édouard Glissant, por Jennifer Dionisio

No centro do universo literário e musical oferecido por este trabalho, podemos facilmente identificar o conceito paradigmático de Relação, desenvolvido pelo poeta, romancista e filósofo francês Édouard Glissant (1928-2011) que propõe uma poética rizomática aberta ao Diverso enquanto travessia entre o lugar e o mundo.² Ao remeter para o entrecruzamento de culturas diversas, a Relação traduz um pensamento arquipélago, em que as ilhas deixam de significar isolamento, para se abrirem à totalidade-mundo, isto é, a uma força que irradia, opondo-se ao conceito totalitário de fechamento e intolerância.³ Apesar das diferenças geográficas e culturais, pensamos que em Archipelagos / Passagens existem efectivamente ecos da obra deste grande poeta das Caraíbas, sobretudo pelo sentido de um trajecto, de um precurso e de um cruzamento que se encontram na base de um pensamento que se opõe à visão de um mundo fechado, unitário, para nos propôr a presença estimulante do Diverso, marcado pela ideia do movimento. Mas, como sublinhou em várias ocasiões Édouard Glissant, a Relação não significa a mistura confusa e desordenada de culturas, na medida em que o Diverso compreende as diferenças que se encontram, se ajustam umas às outras, se harmonizam. Para o poeta, a Relação possui uma dimensão arquipélica aberta à passagem e à totalidade-mundo, noção que permite conceber tanto a política como a identidade, a ética, a língua e as diferentes modalidades do pensamento. Na opinião de Glissant, o esquema do pensamento arquipélago não conduz à noção de território que se define como uma noção continental, porque o arquipélago é discontínuo, descentrado. Nesta perspectiva, o poeta-filósofo distingue:

● o pensamento continental que se identifica com o sistema, arrogante, feito de lógicas causais que podem conduzir à guerra;

● e o pensamento arquipélago que é uma outra forma de pensar, mais intuitiva, mais frágil, rizomática, associada ao imprevisto do caos-mundo, neologismo que caracteriza não a desordem mas o imprevisível.⁴

O Dia de Deus, de Paul Gauguin

• ² Para Édouard Glissant, a Relação é tudo que “relie (relaie), relate”, in Poétique de la Relation. Poétique III, Paris, Gallimard, 1990, p. 187.

• ³ Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-monde. Poétique IV, Paris, Gallimard, 1997.

• ⁴ Segundo Édouard Glissant, a noção de “caos-mundo é bem precisa: trata-se da mistura cultural, que não se reduz simplesmente a um melting-pot, graças à qual a totalidade mundo hoje está realizada.”, in Introdução a uma poética da diversidade, trad. Enilce do Carmo A. Rocha, Juiz de Fora, editora UFJF, 2005, p. 98.

Para Glissant, o pensamento arquipélago é também um pensamento do tremor, que condiz com a errância e se abre ao futuro. Assim, o estremecimento ou o tremor é a qualidade do que se opõe ao pensamento brutal, unívoco, do eu sem o outro, escreve o poeta, sublinhando que precisamos de estremecimento, porque sufocamos no meio de pensamentos sistemáticos e arrogantes. Poderíamos acrescentar que precisamos também, cada vez mais, de espaços de epifania, como os que Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas nos dão a ouvir neste disco que desenha arquipélagos inéditos, mobiliza culturas misturadas, apelando a uma dinâmica de subjectivações inesperadas que designam um olhar, uma voz, um sopro, uma tradição atravessada por múltiplas passagens, memórias fluídas e estremecentes, para pensar a complexidade do mundo, convidando-nos também a imaginar o Encontro e a alimentar a esperança para além de todas as formas de utopia.

Uma visão surrealista do artista haitiano Vanex Florestant

Para Glissant, como para Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas, a paisagem não é apenas um simples cenário, mas uma personagem activa da História. Assim, graças à poética da Relação, uma parte da natureza, vista pelo olhar humano, isto é, a paisagem escolhida em função de parâmetros subjectivos, emotivos e afectivos, não se encontra unicamente numa perspectiva horizontal, mas desenha uma profundidade vertical que nos convida à reflexão. Assim, o primeiro eixo temático do disco propõe-nos uma série de paisagens que remetem para a beleza da Grécia cantada por Hölderlin, postas em relação com fragmentos de Orestes, a tragédia de Eurípides, composta em 408 antes de Cristo, que evoca a dor, cantada em grego antigo por Michales Loukovikas e coro. Identificamos em seguida a presença de dois universos musicais distintos: o hino hurrita a Nikkal, datado de 1400 antes de Cristo – descoberto na Síria nos anos 50, num campo arqueológico (Ugarit) – e o Acordai, poema de José Gomes Ferreira, musicado por Fernando Lopes-Graça nos anos 40. A sequência começa como uma canção de embalar que vem da Antiguidade e chega aos nossos dias para despertar a nossa sensibilidade e inteligência, e se impôr como uma canção de luta. Paralelamente à pesquisa literária deste notável trabalho musical, podemos falar de uma dimensão ética e política no sentido mais nobre do termo.

Orestes matando Egisto e Clitemnestra, baixo relevo num sarcófago (ca 150 EC)

O disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de
Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro
infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro.

Archipelagos / Passagens convida-nos a viajar através de espaços reais e imaginários, propondo-nos um percurso geográfico, literário e cultural que convoca vozes tão diferentes como as de Safo, Eurípides, Hölderlin, Pessoa, José Gomes Ferreira, Saramago, ou ainda Hélia Correia, que se encontra no centro de todo o CD. É de notar também que o disco começa com uma voz da sabedoria que recita versos de Hölderlin (a mãe de Amélia, com 98 anos) e termina com um coro infantil, desenhando assim um itinerário que se projecta no futuro. O mundo antigo e o espaço do Mediterrâneo, o mar fechado, abrem-se ao Atlântico e confundem-se com o universo da Macaronésia, introduzida através dum canto tradicional das Canárias posto em relação com um canto dos Açores e com ritmos caboverdianos numa belíssima homenagem a Cesária Évora.

Cesária Évora, por Sersun

Podemos ainda observar que todo este trabalho é atravessado por uma interrogação fundamental de Hölderlin, citado por Hélia Correia : “Para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência?”. Esta pergunta eivada de melancolia, colocada em 1800 pelo poeta do Romantismo alemão, sublinha a desilusão de todos aqueles que viam as luzes da Revolução francesa apagar-se no Terror. Contudo, Hölderlin não se dirige exactamente aos desiludidos da História mas aos “abandonados por Deus”, constatando a queda espiritual, o eclipse da transcendência. Convém no entanto lembrar que, três anos mais tarde, surge a resposta a esta pergunta quando Hölderlin sublinha o papel e a responsabilidade do artista, afirmando que “os poetas fundam tudo o que permanece”. Em meados do século XX, Adorno evoca o crime contra a humanidade e considera que seria bárbaro escrever poesia depois de Auschwitz. Mas a poesia permanece, como sabemos e como o demonstra também o trabalho de Archipelagos / Passagens que celebra as palavras vindas de diversos horizontes culturais, para nos lembrar que a pergunta de Hölderlin se pode colocar novamente nos nossos dias, perante a perda de muitos valores que tocam o mundo contemporâneo.

Estátua de Odisseu descoberta por colectores de esponjas nos destroços
do naufrágio de Anticítera entre outras estátuas, moedas e artefactos (sécs. IV
a I AEC), bem como o mecanismo de Anticítera, o mais antigo computador analógico conhecido.

Archipelagos / Passagens celebra portanto uma paisagem múltipla, cruza memórias, estabelece um diálogo com a tradição escrita e oral, traduz o ritmo das línguas (o português, o grego, o espanhol, o inglês, o crioulo), faz ouvir o sopro que revela a harmonia, a dor e a violência da História – é de notar que numa das sequências mais belas do disco, Amélia Muge mergulha justamente na memória das palavras e canta Safo em grego antigo, convidando-nos a viajar no tempo e a enfrentar a tentação do silêncio, antes de convocar um poema inglês de Fernando Pessoa para insistir na cadência das horas, mostrando-nos que o tempo nos conduz para o que Glissant chamava o caos-mundo, onde encontramos o choque dos contactos, as misturas entre realidades muito diferentes, as identidades e as culturas que entram em relação umas com as outras, sem nada perder da sua originalidade. Este caos-mundo é dominado pelo mar feiticeiro cantado em grego por um outro colaborador do CD, Andreas Karakotas, que convoca um excerto do já evocado hino hurrita a Nikkal e nos conduz até uma Odisseia onde Ulisses vai encontrar o caminho até à sua ilha, depois de uma longa viagem através de terras desconhecidas. Mas “Ítaca já não há”, diz o poema. Ulisses transformou-se num estrangeiro que toma a forma de um mendigo, de um refugiado – poderíamos nós acrescentar hoje –, de um emigrante, que a Europa insulta e deixa morrer nesse imenso cemitério chamado Mediterrâneo. E entramos em seguida num novo eixo temático do disco que vai opôr utopia e distopia, onde se inscreve o imprevisto aberto à errância e por vezes à morte, como a do pescador Nicolas cantado por Michales Loukovikas, esse pescador esperado pela sua mãe que não sabe que o filho se afogou no mar.

A jangada de Medusa, de Théodore Géricault (1818-19). O naufrágio chocou toda a gente porque as vítimas eram europeias; inspirou uma oratória de Hans Werner Henze e um filme
de Iradj Azimi. Agora que estes naufrágios são de não europeus, tornaram-se uma rotina…

O percurso poético e musical abre-se contudo à visão de uma utopia, remetendo para a famosa ilha inventada por Thomas More em 1516, e cujas raízes se encontram em Aristóteles e Platão. A utopia representa, como sabemos, algo de perfeito, indissociável da busca. O sentido político da utopia relaciona-se com um governo imaginário impossível de realizar. A transformação da utopia em distopia revela um tropismo melancólico que diz respeito à nossa representação do tempo e da História marcada pela catástrofe (essa catástrofe de que falava Walter Benjamin, o filósofo judeu alemão, no início dos anos 1930, pressentindo já o horror da Shoah). Assim, o sonho pode-se transformar em pesadelo, onde erram os meninos perdidos, cantados por Amélia Muge numa bela adaptação de um ritmo tradicional da Trácia, com um arranjo de António José Martins e de Michales Loukovikas.

A pergunta colocada por Hölderlin (“Para que servem os poetas em tempo de indigência?”), ganha grande intensidade, como uma litania, quando se exprime na voz de Hélia Correia que evoca a ruína da Grécia, abandonada por todos os deuses (sobretudo os deuses da Finança no momento da crise recente). O pesadelo distópico é transmitido pela música de Beethoven, mais precisamente pelo 2o movimento da Terceira Sinfonia, a Marcha Fúnebre, adaptada por Michales Loukovikas, para exprimir o que Hélia Correia designa como a Terceira Miséria (título de um magnífico livro de poesia).⁵ A “terceira miséria” de que fala Hélia Correia, é “a de quem já não ouve nem pergunta” e que corresponde à desumanização do mundo em que vivemos, povoado de sombras, esse mundo que perdeu todo o sentido da hospitalidade – Falamos de sombras é justamente o título deste tema que pertence a uma das mais belas sequências do CD.

• ⁵ Hélia Correia, A Terceira Miséria, Lisboa, Relógio d’Água, 2012 (com o Partenon na capa).

O terceiro eixo temático deste trabalho aborda por fim a emigração feita da nostalgia que alimenta o cantar do emigrante, onde ouvimos ecos de outros ritmos bem conhecidos, a voz de Violeta Parra, ou os versos de Rosalía de Castro, musicados por José Niza e já cantados por Adriano Correia de Oliveira.

Ao longo do álbum, podemos verificar que a Relação se apresenta como algo de dinâmico que diz o mundo na sua transição entre o interior e o exterior, o subjectivo e o objectivo, o próximo e o distante. Esta Relação é, como afirmava Édouard Glissant, um conhecimento no sentido de um saber acerca de si mesmo e acerca dos outros, quando o artista se abre ao drama do mundo, mas pode também significar um universo onde se inscreve por vezes a Alegria, título de um poema de José Saramago, adaptado por Amélia Muge e António José Martins, baseado numa composição e arranjo de Giorgos Andreou.

A viagem poética e musical converge finalmente numa celebração do mar, espaço do encontro que vai revisitar uma célebre cantiga de amigo de Martim Codax, Ondas do mar de Vigo, cantada em grego por Michales Loukovikas e em português por Amélia Muge, com uma melodia de Rebético de Panaiotis Tountas, música da Relação por excelência. A última sequência de Archipelagos / Passagens projecta-se no futuro pois tal como canta Amélia Muge, “há sempre outro barco a chegar” e “tudo pode acontecer”.

Promenade à Utopia, de Igor Bitman

Para concluir, podemos afirmar que este notável trabalho de Amélia Muge e Michales Loukovikas não pretende apresentar um mundo estático, de conhecimento formal, mas abre-se a um universo de relações e de revelações possíveis. Descobrimos assim o mundo na sua diversidade imprevisível através de uma viagem constituída por múltiplos itinerários que passam pelos lugares que povoam a nossa memória, desenhando um trajecto atento aos dramas da democracia contemporânea, mas também ao milagre sempre renovado da vida, do esplendor da paisagem, do estremecer da esperança. O album trabalha uma Relação constante entre o sujeito, o mundo, a escrita poética e musical, a utopia e a distopia, correspondendo a um percurso emblemático que nos leva a ultrapassar todas as fronteiras, todos os muros, para desenhar uma geopoética da insularidade arquipélica como um colar de ilhas que “estão por nós sempre a chamar” como podemos ouvir na última passagem do disco. Por todas estas razões, pensamos que Archipelagos / Passagens constitui uma bela ilustração do conceito glissantiano de Relação alimentada de mobilidade e de passagens, que incluem o descentramento, o estremecimento, a abertura ao Múltiplo e ao Diverso, mas também um convite à reflexão ética e política, projectando-nos num futuro possível, que deve ter em conta a generosidade da imaginação capaz de transformar o mundo.

● Apresentação de ARCHiPELAGOS / Passagens em Paris, Fondation
Calouste Gulbenkian – Délégation en France, 7 de Novembro de 2018.
● Publicado em Limite, Revista de Estudios Portugueses y de
la Lusofonía, Universidad de Extremadura, vol 12.2 / 2018

ARCHiPELAGOS Autores: Amélia Muge | Anónimo Hurrita | Armando Soares | Eurípides | Fernando Lopes-Graça | Fernando Pessoa | Friedrich Hölderlin | Giorgos Andreou | Giorgos Mitsakis | Hélia Correia | João de Deus | José Gomes Ferreira | José Niza | José Saramago | Ludwig van Beethoven | Manos Achalinotópoulos | Martín Codax | Michales Loukovikas | Panaiotis Tountas | Rosalía de Castro | Safo | Vasilis Tsitsanis | Violeta Parra
Núcleo: Amélia Muge: voz, braguesa, percussão | Michales Loukovikas: voz, percussão, acordeão | António Quintino: contrabaixo | Dimitris Mystakidis: guitarra, bouzouki, baglamás, tzourás | Filipe Raposo: piano, acordeão, teclados | Harris Lambrakis: ney (flauta oriental), flauta de bisel | José Salgueiro: percussão | Kyriakos Gouventas: violino, viola | Manos Achalinotópoulos: clarino (clarinete folk), voz | Maria Monda (Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma e Tânia Cardoso): trio vocal | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa
Convidados especiais: Hélia Correia e Maria José Muge: voz falada
Convidados (pro-bono): Ana Dias: harpa | Andreas Karakotas: voz | António José Martins: caixa de música, percussão | Catarina Anacleto: violoncelo, voz | Catarina Moura: voz | José Manuel David: voz | Kosmás Papadópoulos: clarinete | Kostas Hanís: vibrafone | Mariana Abrunheiro: voz | Niovi Benou: palmas | Paló: voz | Pedro Casaes: voz | Rita Maria: voz | Rui Vaz: voz | Teresa Campos: voz | Thomás Natsis: guitarra de flamenco, palmas
Em especial: Cramol, Grupo de Canto Tradicional de Mulheres da Biblioteca Operária Oeirense | Orquestra de Cordas Palhetadas “Thanassis Tsipinakis” do Município de Patras | Coro de Crianças, dir. Catarina Anacleto: Santiago Fantasia, Gabriel Leite, Sophia Van Epps, Ana Pita, Marta Semblano, Patrícia Arens Teixeira

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

MARIA GRACIETE BESSE on “ARCHiPELAGOS”

Amélia Muge | Michales Loukovikas

/PORTUGUÊS/ MARIA GRACIETE BESSE sobre ARCHiPELAGOS
/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ Η MARIA GRACIETE BESSE για το ARCHiPELAGOS

Maria Graciete Besse: a Portuguese-French writer and poet

 
Practice of Relation
 

ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages: Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, Periplus

Maria Graciete Besse, Professor Emerita, University of Paris IV – La Sorbonne

mariagraciete7@aol.com
 

Every archipelago thinking is thinking of tremor, of non-presumption, but also of openness and sharing.

Édouard Glissant

 

Composer, songwriter and singer, Amélia Muge is well known in the Portuguese cultural panorama for the beauty of her lyrics and musical compositions. Born in Mozambique, the artist came to Portugal in 1984. Her first album, entitled Múgica, was released in 1992, followed by Todos os dias (1994). Throughout her career, Amélia Muge has regularly collaborated with José Mário Branco, Fausto, etc., and was awarded the prestigious Zeca Afonso Prize in 1995 for Maio maduro Maio (together with José Mário Branco and João Afonso). She received again this prize in 1998 for the album Taco a Taco, followed by other discs (A Monte, 2000; Não sou daqui, 2007) and numerous participations in national and international festivals. At present, the songwriter continues working with several artists, and composing for well-known fado singers such as Mísia, Camané, Ana Moura, Cristina Branco, and many others.

In 2009, Amélia Muge met the singer, composer and instrumentalist Michales Loukovikas, born in Thrace, a specialist in contemporary Hellenic music, especially rebetiko.¹ This meeting, under the auspices of the Internet, proved immediately to be fruitful, actualized in several projects and three albums: a CD-book in Portuguese and Greek (2011), which celebrates the work of the poet Ares Alexandrou, based on a previous work by Michales Loukovikas, entitled O Ouro do Céu (The Gold in the Sky); then Periplus / Luso-Hellenic Wanderings (2012), considered in Portugal as one of the best albums of the year; and more recently Archipelagos / Passages (2018), which includes a CD and an eBook, where we discover a musical and poetic adventure unfolding between Portugal and Greece, but also open to the wider world. In this work, the two artists celebrate the theme of voyage through different cultures and landscapes, in multiple time and varied space – Portugal, Greece, Macaronesia, South America, the islands of utopia –, proposing a crossed approach, endowed with an original sound that extends the fascinating Luso-Hellenic Wanderings of Periplus, to offer us now some passages that lead us beyond wanderings to new dimensions of the imagination.

• ¹ A popular genre, marked by the musical heritage of Smyrna (Izmir) and Constantinople (Istanbul), that mainly developed in Hellas during the 1920s, after the Greek refugee waves from Asia Minor.

Endowed with a great literary and musical quality, Archipelagos / Passages consists of 28 routes, distributed in 10 distinct island sequences, presenting itself as a work in the form of an archipelago. The term “archipelago”, as it is made explicit in the eBook (Archipedia) accompanying the CD (with texts in Portuguese, English and Greek), refers to a meaning prevailing in ancient Greece, where it designated the Aegean Sea, later denoting the Aegean Islands, and finally any island group. But the concept of an archipelago presents a high density of poetic connotations, being a tributary, in the Occidental collective imagination, to past centuries’ utopias in which the island appeared isolated. Talking about an archipelago, we can also evoke the ancient culture and, after Hölderlin, all the Hellenic, universal and immortal cultural richness. According to Saint-John Perse (1887-1975), another great poet fascinated by the island universe, there is an atmospheric environment and a psychological base behind the bright screen of the Mediterranean space impregnated with ancient history and civilization. The album of Amelia Muge and Michales Loukovikas opens with this enchanting dimension, emanating from the adaptation of a poem by Hölderlin.

Édouard Glissant, by Jennifer Dionisio

At the centre of the literary and musical universe this work offers, we can easily identify the paradigmatic concept of Relation, developed by the French poet, novelist and philosopher Édouard Glissant (1928-2011), who proposed a rhizomatic poetics open to Diversity as a crossing between a place and the world.² Referring to the crossroads of diverse cultures, the Relation reflects an archipelago thinking, in which the islands cease to mean isolation, opening themselves to the whole world, that is, to a radiating force, opposing the totalitarian concept of closure and intolerance.³ Despite the geographical and cultural differences, we think that in Archipelagos / Passages there are in fact echoes of the work of this great Caribbean poet, mainly due to the sense of a trajectory, a precursor and a crossing, which are at the base of a way of thinking that is opposed to a vision of a closed, unitary world, proposing the stimulating presence of the Diverse, marked by the idea of movement. But, as Édouard Glissant has stressed on several occasions, the Relation does not mean a confused and disorderly mixture of cultures, inasmuch as the Diverse understands the existing differences, adjusting to each other, harmonizing. According to the poet, the Relation has an archipelagic dimension open to passage and to the whole world, a notion that allows conceiving not only politics but also identity, ethics, language and different modes of thinking. In Glissant’s opinion, the scheme of archipelago thinking does not lead to the notion of territory that is defined as a continental notion, because the archipelago is discontinuous, decentralized. In this perspective, the poet-philosopher distinguishes:

● continental thinking identifying with the system, arrogant, made of causal logic that can lead to war;

● and archipelago thinking, which is another way of thinking, more intuitive, more fragile, rhizomatic, associated with the unpredictable of chaos-world, a neologism that characterizes not disorder but the unpredictability.⁴

• ² According to Édouard Glissant, the Relation is everything that “relates”, in Poétique de la Relation. Poétique III, Paris, Gallimard, 1990, p.187.

• ³ Édouard Glissant, Traité du Tout-monde. Poétique IV, Paris, Gallimard, 1997.

• ⁴ According to Édouard Glissant, the notion of “chaos-world is very precise: it is a cultural mixture, which is not simply reduced to a melting-pot, thanks to which the whole world is realized today.” Introdução a uma poética da diversidade, translated by Enilce do Carmo A. Rocha, Juiz de Fora, UFJF publishers, 2005, p. 98.

The Day of the God, by Paul Gauguin

Poetics of Relation: opacity has the radical potentiality for social movements to challenge and subvert systems of domination. Glissant demands for the “right to opacity”, indicating the oppressed can be opaque, not completely understood, and simply exist as different. The colonizer perceived the colonized as different and unable to be understood, thereby constructing the latter as the Other and demanding transparency so that the former could somehow fit them into their cognitive schema and dominate over them. However, Glissant rejects this transparency and defends opacity and difference because other modes of understanding do exist; he calls for understanding and accepting difference without measuring it to an “ideal scale”, and comparing and making judgments, “without creating a hierarchy” – as Western thought has done.

Rhizome is a philosophical concept developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in their Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972–80). They oppose it to an arborescent (hierarchic, tree-like) conception of knowledge, which works with dualist categories and binary choices. A rhizome works with planar-horizontal and trans-species connections, while an arborescent model works with vertical and linear ones. They use examples from the biological concept of mutualism, in which two different species interact to form a multiplicity. “The rhizome resists the organizational structure of the root-tree system which charts causality along chronological lines, looks for the original source of ‘things’ and towards the pinnacle or conclusion of those ‘things’. A rhizome, on the other hand, is characterized by ‘ceaselessly establishing connections between semiotic chains, organizations of power, and circumstances relative to the arts, sciences, and social struggles.’ Rather than narrativize history and culture, the rhizome presents history and culture as a map or wide array of attractions and influences with no specific origin or genesis, for a ‘rhizome has no beginning or end; it is always in the middle, inter-being, intermezzo.’ The planar movement of the rhizome resists chronology and organization, instead favouring a nomadic system of growth and propagation.”

A surrealistic vision by Haitian artist Vanex Florestant

According to Glissant, archipelago thinking is also thinking of tremor, which is consistent with wandering and open to the future. Thus, shivering or tremor is the quality of what is opposed to the brutal, univocal thinking of oneself without the other, writes the poet, stressing that we need to shiver, because we suffocate in the middle of systemic and arrogant thoughts. We could add that we also need, more and more, spaces of epiphany, as the ones that Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas give us to listen to in this disc that designs unprecedented archipelagos, mobilizes mixed cultures, appealing to a dynamic of unanticipated subjectivations that designate a glance, a voice, a breath, a tradition traversed by multiple passages, fluid and shivering memories, in order to think about the complexity of the world, also inviting us to imagine the Encounter and to foster hope beyond all forms of utopia.

According to Glissant, as well as to Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas, the landscape is not just a simple scenario, but an active character in history. Thanks to the poetics of Relation, a part of nature, seen through the human eye, i.e. the landscape chosen according to subjective, emotional and affective parameters, is not only in a horizontal perspective, but designs a vertical profundity that invites us to reflection. Thus, the disc’s first thematic axis proposes a series of landscapes that refer to the beauty of Greece sung by Hölderlin, related to fragments of Orestes, the tragedy of Euripides, composed in 408 BC, evoking pain, sung in ancient Greek by Michales Loukovikas and chorus.

Orestes slaying Aegisthus and Clytemnestra, relief of a sarcophagus (ca 150 CE)

We then identify the presence of two distinct musical universes: the Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal, dating to 1400 BC – discovered in Syria in the 1950s, in the archaeological site of Ugarit – and Acordai (Wake Up), a poem by José Gomes Ferreira, set to music by Fernando Lopes-Graça in the 1940s. The sequence begins as a lullaby that starts from antiquity and reaches our days to awaken our sensitivity and intelligence, and imposes itself as a protest song. Parallel to the literary research of this remarkable musical work, we can speak of an ethical and political dimension in the noblest meaning of the term.

The disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus
designing an itinerary that is projected into the future.

Archipelagos / Passages invites us to a voyage through real and imaginary spaces, proposing a geographical, literary and cultural route that convokes voices as different as those of Sappho, Euripides, Hölderlin, Pessoa, José Gomes Ferreira, Saramago, or even Hélia Correia, which is in the centre of the entire CD. It should also be noted that the disc begins with a voice of wisdom that recites Hölderlin’s verses (Amélia’s mother, aged 98) and ends with a children’s choir, thus designing an itinerary that is projected into the future. The ancient world and the space of the Mediterranean, the closed sea, opens up to the Atlantic and is confounded with the universe of Macaronesia, introduced through a traditional song of the Canaries connected with a song of the Azores and Cape Verdean rhythms in a beautiful tribute to Cesária Évora.

Cesária Évora, by Sersun

We can also observe that all this work is traversed by a fundamental question of Hölderlin, quoted by Hélia Correia: “What is the purpose of the poets in times of such indigence?” This melancholic question, posed in 1800 by the German Romantic poet, underlines the disillusionment of all those who saw the lights of the French Revolution go out in the Reign of Terror. However, Hölderlin does not exactly aim at the disillusioned with history but at those “abandoned by God”, bringing about the spiritual fall, the eclipse of transcendence. Anyway, we should remember that, three years later, the answer to this question arose when Hölderlin underlined the role and responsibility of the artist, stating that “the poets established everything that persists”. In the middle of the 20th century, Adorno evoked the crime against humanity and considered that it would be barbaric to write poetry after Auschwitz. But poetry persisted, as we know, and as is demonstrated by the work of Archipelagos / Passages that celebrates words coming from diverse cultural horizons, to remind us that Hölderlin’s question can be asked again in our days, due to the loss of many values that touch the contemporary world.

Odysseus’ marble statue (ca 1st century BCE) from the Anticythera (ship)wreck discovered by sponge divers near Anticythera in 1900. Statues, coins and other artifacts dating back to the 4th century BCE were found there, as well as the severely corroded remnants of the world’s oldest known analog computer, the Anticythera mechanism.

Archipelagos / Passages, therefore, celebrates a multiple landscape, crosses memories, establishes a dialogue with written and oral tradition, translates the rhythm of languages (Portuguese, Greek, Spanish, English, Creole), makes us listen to the breath that reveals the harmony, pain and violence of history – it is noteworthy that in one of the most beautiful sequences of the album, Amélia Muge dives right into the memory of the words and sings Sappho in ancient Greek, inviting us to travel through time and face the temptation of silence, before convoking an English poem by Fernando Pessoa to insist on the cadence of the hours, showing that time leads us to what Glissant called chaos-world, where we find the shock of contacts, the mixtures between very different realities, the identities and cultures that come into relationship with each other, without losing anything of their originality. This chaos-world is dominated by the sorcerer sea sung in Greek by another collaborator of the CD, Andreas Karakotas, that convokes an excerpt from the already evoked Hurrian Hymn to Nikkal and leads us to an Odyssey where Odysseus is on his way to his island, after a long journey through unknown lands. “Ithaca was everything”, says the poem, but it no longer exists. Odysseus has become a foreigner who takes the form of a beggar, a refugee – we might add today –, a migrant, whom Europe insults and lets him die in this immense cemetery called the Mediterranean. Then we enter a new thematic axis of the disc opposing utopia and dystopia, where the unforeseen, open to wanderings and sometimes to death, is inscribed, like that of Nicolas the fisherman, sung by Michales Loukovikas – the fisherman his mother is waiting for, as she does not know that her son drowned in the sea.

The Raft of the Medusa, by Théodore Géricault (1818-19). The shipwreck shocked everyone as the victims were Europeans (French); it became an oratorio by Hans Werner Henze, and a film by Iradj Azimi. Now that these wrecks concern non-Europeans, they became a routine…

The poetic and musical route opens up, nevertheless, to the vision of a utopia, referring to the famous island invented by Thomas More in 1516, and whose roots are found in Aristotle and Plato. Utopia, as we know, represents something perfect, inseparable from the quest. The political meaning of utopia is related to an imaginary government that is impossible to achieve. The transformation of utopia into dystopia reveals a melancholic tropism that concerns our representation of time and history marked by catastrophe where the dream can be transformed into a nightmare (this catastrophe of which Walter Benjamin, the German Jewish philosopher, spoke in the early 1930s, already sensing the horror of the Holocaust); or into Neverland’s lost kids, sung by Amélia Muge, in a beautiful adaptation of a traditional Thracian rhythm, arranged by António José Martins and Michales Loukovikas.

The question posed by Hölderlin (“What is the purpose of the poets in times of such indigence?”), gains great intensity, like a litany, when it is expressed with Hélia Correia’s voice that evokes the ruin of Hellas, abandoned by all the gods (above all the gods of Finance in the moment of the recent crisis). The dystopian nightmare is transmitted with Beethoven’s music, more precisely the 2nd movement of the Third Symphony, the Funeral March, adapted by Michales Loukovikas, to express what Hélia Correia describes as the Third Misery (title of a magnificent book of poetry).⁵ The “third misery” mentioned by Hélia Correia, is “that of those who just don’t listen nor ask questions… don’t remember”, and corresponds to the dehumanization of the world in which we live, populated by shadows, that world that has lost every sense of hospitality – We Talk About Shadows is rightly the title of this song, in one of the most beautiful sequences in the CD.

• ⁵ Hélia Correia, A Terceira Miséria, Lisbon, Relógio d’Água, 2012 (with Parthenon on the front cover).

The next thematic axis of this work finally addresses the issue of migration with the nostalgia that fuels the singing of the migrant, where we hear echoes of other well-known tunes, Violeta Parra’s voice, or Rosalía de Castro’s verses, set to music by José Niza and sung by Adriano Correia de Oliveira.

Throughout the album, we can see that the Relation presents itself as something dynamic that reveals the world in its transition between interior and exterior, subjective and objective, near and distant. This Relation, as Édouard Glissant certifies, is a knowledge in the sense of knowing about oneself and about others, when the artist opens himself up to the drama of the world, but it can also mean a universe where Alegria (Jubilation) is sometimes inscribed – it’s the title of a poem of José Saramago, adapted by Amélia Muge and António José Martins, based on a composition and arrangement by Giorgos Andreou.

The poetic and musical voyage finally converges in a celebration of the sea, a meeting space to revisit a celebrated cantiga de amigo (a friend’s song) of Martín Codax, Waves of the Sea of Vigo, sung by Michales Loukovikas (in Greek) and Amélia Muge (in Portuguese), with a melody of rebetiko by Panaiotis Tountas – a music of Relation par excellence. The last sequence of Archipelagos / Passages is projected into the future because, as Amélia Muge sings, “there is always a boat to appear” and “everything will soon converge”.

Promenade à Utopia, by Igor Bitman

In conclusion, we can certify that this remarkable work by Amélia Muge and Michales Loukovikas does not intend to present a static world of formal knowledge, but opens up to a universe of relationships and possible revelations. Thus we discover the world in its unpredictable diversity through a voyage made up of multiple itineraries that pass through places that populate our memory, designing a trajectory attentive to the dramas of contemporary democracy, but also to the ever renewed miracle of life, of the splendour of a landscape, the shivering of hope. The album works on a constant Relation between the subject, the world, poetic and musical writing, utopia and dystopia, corresponding to an emblematic route that leads us to overcome all borders, all walls, to design a geopoetics of archipelagic insularity like a necklace of islands that “are there always calling us”, as we listen to in the last passage of the disc. For all these reasons, we think that Archipelagos / Passages constitutes a beautiful illustration of the Glissantian concept of Relation fed by mobility and passages, which include decentralization, shivering, openness to the Multiple and the Diverse, but also an invitation to an ethical and political reflection that projects us into a plausible future, which must take into account the generosity of an imagination capable of transforming the world.

● Presentation of ARCHiPELAGOS / Passages in Paris, Fondation
Calouste Gulbenkian – Délégation en France, November 7, 2018.
● Published in Limite, Revista de Estudios Portugueses y de
la Lusofonía, Universidad de Extremadura, vol 12.2 / 2018
● Adapted into English: Michales Loukovikas

● See also: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “ARCHiPELAGOS”
● as well as: GIORGOS ANDREOU on “PERIPLUS”

ARCHiPELAGOS Authors: Manos Achalinotópoulos | Giorgos Andreou | Ludwig van Beethoven | Rosalía de Castro | Martín Codax | Hélia Correia | João de Deus | Euripides | José Gomes Ferreira | Friedrich Hölderlin | Anonymous Hurrian | Fernando Lopes-Graça | Michales Loukovikas | Giorgos Mitsakis | Amélia Muge | José Niza | Violeta Parra | Fernando Pessoa | Sappho | José Saramago | Armando Soares | Panagiotis Tountas | Vasilis Tsitsanis
Nucleus: Amélia Muge: voice, guitarra braguesa, percussion | Michales Loukovikas: voice, accordion, sound effects | Manos Achalinotópoulos: clarino (folk clarinet), voice | Kyriakos Gouventas: violin, viola (5-string violin) | Harris Lambrakis: ney, recorder (pipes) | Maria Monda trio: Sofia Adriana Portugal, Susana Quaresma, Tânia Cardoso | Dimitris Mystakidis: guitar, bouzouki, baglamás, tzourás (the bouzouki family) | Ricardo Parreira: guitarra portuguesa | António Quintino: double bass | Filipe Raposo: piano, accordion, synthesizers | José Salgueiro: percussion
Special Guests: Hélia Correia & Maria José Muge: recitation
Guests (pro-bono): Mariana Abrunheiro: voice | Catarina Anacleto: cello, voice | Niovi Benou: claps | Teresa Campos: voice | Pedro Casaes: voice | José Manuel David: voice | Ana Dias: harp | Kostas Hanís: vibraphone | Andreas Karakotas: voice | António José Martins: music box, percussion | Catarina Moura: voice | Thomás Natsis: flamenco guitar, claps | Paló: voice | Kosmás Papadópoulos: clarinet | Rita Maria: voice | Rui Vaz: voice
Plus: Cramol: female vocal group of the Workers’ Library of Oeiras | PSO: Plucked Strings Orchestra ‘Thanasis Thipinakis’ of the Patras Municipality | Children’s Choir, dir. Catarina Anacleto: Santiago Fantasia, Gabriel Leite, Sophia Van Epps, Ana Pita, Marta Semblano, Patrícia Arens Teixeira

29. BIBLIO – | DISCO – | GRAPHY

29. BIBLIO – | DISCO – | GRAPHY

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ 29. ΒΙΒΛΙΟ – | ΔΙΣΚΟ – | ΓΡΑΦΙΚΑ

Michales Loukovikas

I REMEMBER HOW METICULOUS (too meticulous, to tell the truth) I was in my first radio show: I had prepared two lists – on bibliography and discography – to read in the end, notifying the listeners of my sources of information, and also of the music I used during the show (I did not know then how to announce a piece of music without interrupting the narrative). I will never forget my total embarrassment while reading that screed: it was completely anti-radiophonic! “I will never do such a stupidity again!”, I said to myself. It’s the reason why there is no bibliography here, my fellow voyagers. If I rack my brain to recall what I’ve read or heard all these years and prepare a list, I guess, it would be unfair for all my other sources. What I already mention in the Chronicles, I think, is more than enough. As I stressed in Chronicle 14, trust was the prerequisite of speech. Well, no one, I believe, will ever imagine that what I mention here are just figments of my imagination! If something reassures me a bit is that… neither Herodotus nor Thucydides had bibliographies in their Histories!

● Nevertheless, I feel obliged to refer particularly to Wikipedia, to which I’m really so much obliged, though I often criticized or even made fun of it. In fact, the real target was never Wikipedia itself but certain writers. Anyone going there, I suppose, needs to have a) a critical mind, and b) certain knowledge of the subject. Be that as it may, Wikipedia is a fantastic treasure of information. Thank… Zeus, it’s there for all of us to consult!

Regarding discography, I never thought it would be necessary here. Besides, all the playlists with the music I used in each show were always on separate pieces of paper so as not to get mixed up with my other notes. The idea some friends had about a… proposed discography, with music that could be listened to while reading the book, is too exaggerated. Besides, I mention so many musicians and their masterpieces (mainly in the 1st part of our Periplus) that could be used as a proposed discography – although I’m afraid the readers (of the book) will soon turn into… listeners (of music)! Anyway, whatever we do, we shall never be able to revive that Mediterranean periplus on the radio. Its memory will be forever an exclusive privilege of the program’s listeners…

● Musicians mentioned in the Periplus: AESCHYLUS of Athens | Dionisio AGUADO | Isaac ALBÉNIZ | ANACREON of Teos | Giorgos ANDREOU | Phoebus ANOGEIANAKIS | Phoebus APOLLO | APOLLONIUS of Rhodes | ARISTIDES Quintilianus | ARISTOPHANES of Athens | ARISTOXENUS of Tarentum | ATHENAEUS of Athens | Yorgo BACANÓS | Johann Sebastian BACH | Markos BAMBAKARES | Béla BARTÓK | Munir BASHIR | Giorgos BATIS | BEATLES | Ludwig van BEETHOVEN | Soteria BELLOU | Hector BERLIOZ | BERNARDA de Utrera | Iannis BERNIDAKIS | Georges BIZET | Johannes BRAHMS | Alexander BRAILOWSKY | Concha BUIKA | CAMARÓN de la Isla | Dimitrie CANTEMIR | Estrellita CASTRO | Manoles CHIOTES | Mohamed CHKARA | Frédéric CHOPIN | CINAETHON of Sparta | DALIDA | Ross DALY | Alain DANIÉLOU | Anestos DELIÁS | DEMODOCUS the Phaeacian | Plácido DOMINGO | EMILIO de Diego | ENRIQUE de Melchor | EPIGONUS of Ambracia | Rodolphe d’ERLANGER | Manolo ESCOBAR | Vicente ESPINEL | EUGAMMON of Cyrene | EUMOLPUS of Thrace | EURIPIDES of Athens | Manuel de FALLA | Hormoz FARHAT | Lola FLORES | Stelios FOUSTALIERIS | Miguel GARCÍA | Federico GARCÍA LORCA | Eduardo GATTO | Pantelés GHINIS | Christoph Willibald GLUCK | Artur GOUVÊA | Enrique GRANADOS | Manos HADJIDAKIS | Georg Friederich HÄNDEL | Jimi HENDRIX | HESIOD of Boeotia | HOMER of Ionia | IMPERIO Argentina | IOVÁN Tsaoús | Antônio JARDIM | Rocío JURADO | Manoles KALOMOIRES | Simon KARÁS | Pantelés KAVAKÓPOULOS | KAYGUSUZ Abdal | Aram KHACHATURIAN | B.B. KING | Zoltán KODÁLY | Adrien de LA FAGE | LASUS of Hermione | Juan LEBRIJANO | Lambros LEONTARIDES | LIMENIUS of Athens | Franz LISZT | LOLE y Manuel | Iannes and Michales LOUKOVIKAS | Louis LUCAS | Paco de LUCÍA | LYCOPHRON of Chalcis | MAGDIS of Thrace | Salah el MAHDI | MARIFÉ de Triana | MARINELLA | MARSYAS of Phrygia | George MARTIN | MATAR Muhammad | MELANIPPIDES of Melos | MELCHOR de Marchena | Raquel MELLER | MELPOMENE | Yehudi MENUHIN | MESOMEDES of Crete | Solon MICHAELIDES | Darius MILHAUD | Thelonius MONK | Sara MONTIEL | Enrique MORENTE | Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART | Amélia MUGE | MUSAEUS of Athens | MÚSICA Surda | Modest MUSSORGSKY | Demetris MYSTAKIDES | ORPHEUS of Thrace | Nicolò PAGANINI | Stratos PAIOUMTZÉS | Isabel PANTOJA | Giorgos PAPADAKIS | Sakis PAPADEMETRIOU | Iannes PAPAIOHANNOU | Pericles PAPAPETRÓPOULOS | Vangelis PAPÁZOGLOU | PARISĀ | Pastora PAVÓN | Felip PEDRELL | Andréia PEDROSO | Paco PEÑA | PHEMIUS of Ithaca | PHERECRATES of Athens | PHRYNIS of Mytilene | PINDAR of Thebes | PINK Floyd | PIR SULTAN Abdal | Donn POHREN | Miguel POVEDA | Sergei PROKOFIEV | PYTHAGORAS of Samos | Antonio QUINTERO | Manuel QUIROGA | Maurice RAVEL | Iégor REZNIKOFF | Hugo RIEMANN | Lambros SABBAIDES | Dionyses SABBÓPOULOS | Curt SACHS | SAKADAS of Argos | Domna SAMIOU | SAPPHO of Lesbos | SEIKILOS of Tralles | Ravi and Anoushka SHANKAR | Vissarion SHEBALIN | Dmitri SHOSTAKOVICH | SILVERIO Franconetti | Nina SIMONE | SIMONIDES of Ceos | Pastora SOLER | SOPHOCLES of Athens | Nikos STEPHANIDES | STESICHORUS Tisias | TERPANDER of Lesbos | THAMYRIS of Thrace | Demetris THÉMELIS | Mikis THEODORAKIS | TIMOTHEUS of Miletus | Agapios TOMBOULES | Manuel TORRE | Panaiotes TOUNTAS | Basiles TSITSANES | El TURRONERO | Juanito VALDERRAMA | Âşık VEYSEL | Antonio VIVALDI | Roger WATERS | Kurt WEILL | Alekos XENOS | Nikos XYLOURIS | YUNUS Emre | ZIRYAB.

Allegory of Music, by Laurent de La Hyre

For all those who wish to return to our starting point:

• >> At Anchor. BEFORE SAILING OFF
• << 28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

c) APPENDIX

 

28. THE MAKING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN PERIPLUS

/ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ/ 28. ΠΩΣ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΗΚΕ Ο ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΥ ΠΑΡΑΠΛΟΥΣ

Michales Loukovikas

Pandit Ravi Shankar

“… STARTING FROM INDIA with Ravi Shankar, he passes to the Arabs with their ouds, then to Andalusia and flamenco – and, why not?, to some Jimi Henrdix stuff, if he feels like it!”…

That’s how a 9.58 fm executive responded, to the question of a new ERT3 radio manager, on what I played in the Mediterranean periplus, as he was impressed by the program’s ratings, having in hand the results of a related research: if this executive had included the… Persians, Bach and Beethoven, he would have been closer to a succinct summary!

The Mediterranean periplus was born in 1998, when I was told that from then on I would have a daily program (the last two years I had weekly shows: In Search of Orpheus, and Flamenco – Andalusia’s Rebetiko, when I translated Donn Pohren’s book, The Art of Flamenco, comparing the two genres). I was puzzled over what I would do in my new daily program, and decided to do something… extravagant, continuing in a way my Thessaloniki newspaper column, Mediterranean periplus, and playing music exclusively from my personal archive.

In short, I decided to present to the public the material I had been collecting for several years, not just buying discs (my resources were limited then: I would eat less to get “musical food”), but also copying from friends (in any house I visited, I would check the record collection, and then borrow some of them). I’m talking, nota bene, about the era B.I. (before Internet), when not only free downloading was non-existent, but also information about “world music” was, in fact, hard to find. In this way, I managed to gather a rather admirable archive.

I divided my archive into two categories (Orient / Occident), and numbered my discs and cassettes (Hellenic numbers for the Orient, Arabic for the Occident). I then figured out ways to get random numbers so as to eliminate the subjective element in music selection: these… lucky numbers corresponded to music from both categories (so that there was a balance between them); finally, I checked everything I played so as not to play it again – unless it was a listener’s request. (I don’t think there is any other “extravagant” person in the world who prepares programs in this way! Nor, of course, that if someone followed the above recipe, he/she would be able to create a new Mediterranean periplus)…

Nina Simone and Soteria Bellou

Anyone can understand that the pieces of music selected through this “lottery” were anything but corresponding to each other. That’s why a “rationalization” process followed to map out itineraries, build bridges, and find the information for each track, so that the journey would be unpredictable, and also meaningful, captivating and entertaining (you see, I loathed that “trendy style” to play a Nina Simone song after a Soteria Bellou’s rebetiko!). Add to this the digitization of all tracks that were not in CD format. As contributing in this field, I have to publicly thank Giorgos Andreou (who, after listening to some of my shows, turned to me and said, “You’re way ahead…” – with me looking dumbfounded, as I couldn’t understand then what he meant).

This spadework was necessary before any Mediterranean periplus. If you wonder what my anticipations were at the time, I expected – to tell you the truth – that the program would stop in two or three months, due to… lack of listeners! After all, the same thing happened twice at the 102 fm radio… You can imagine my surprise when I learned that the program was a “smash hit”! I have to thank all the listeners for their longtime support and the great joy they have given me. As I realized from their phone calls, the Mediterranean periplus appealed to all ages (from high school students to retirees), to all social or educational backgrounds (from ordinary workers with basic education to intellectuals).

Ludwig van Beethoven

I have a lot to remember: university professors applauding my ability to simplify matters around music, or musicology students asking for my opinion on various musicological topics; Western classical music aficionados thanking me because I had opened the door for them to enter another immense musical universe, that of the Orient, or of the earthy, unsophisticated folk art; people who visited some Oriental countries telling those who met there: “You know, back at home we can listen to music from your country on the radio”; other people with psychological problems who found some solution listening to the Mediterranean periplus! But what I will never forget is the phone call of a simple, ordinary working man, who trusted me so much by then that he told me:

“Well, buddy, I really go for you! For your sake, I even dig Beethoven!”…

• >> 29. BIBLIO – | DISCO – | GRAPHY
• << Chronicle 27. AN ARCHAEOLOGIST’S WATERLOO